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Download Cash Crops, Chavez, and the OAS GH2/Napp Do Now: “All too often
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Cash Crops, Chavez, and the OAS GH2/Napp Do Now: “All too often the wealth of Latin American countries has depended on one or two cash crops or on a single mineral. The plantations and mines that produce these products are usually in the hands of a few wealthy, politically powerful landowners. This narrow concentration of power and ownership plus a sharp class division between Indians and people of European extraction have resulted in an unequal distribution of wealth, health services, and education. The rich landlords have often treated the people who work for them in much the same way that medieval landlords treated their serfs.” ~ Global History: The Growth of Civilizations Questions: 1- Where has most of the wealth of Latin American countries come from? __________________________________________________________________ 2- Who typically owns the plantations and mines in Latin America? __________________________________________________________________ 3- Describe the sharp class division in much of Latin America. __________________________________________________________________ 4- How have the rich landlords often treated the people who worked for them? __________________________________________________________________ Notes: I. Problems facing Latin America A. Reliance on cash crops 1- One or two main crops like coffee and sugar 2- Prices fall – economies devastated B. Gap between rich and poor 1- High levels of poverty C. Powerful militaries 1- Sometimes threaten democracies: overthrow governments II. Hugo Chavez A. President of Venezuela B. Removed term limits for politicians C. Turning Venezuela into a socialist state 1- Taking over major industries (oil) D. Restricting freedoms E. Free education and healthcare III. Organization of American States (OAS) A. Founded in 1948 B. Promote regional cooperation C. Includes countries of South America, Central America, U.S.A., Canada, and Caribbean D. Tries to resolve disputes peacefully E. Inspired by Simón Bolívar 1- Encouraged an association of states in the hemisphere Questions: 1- What are most Latin American countries dependent on [economically]? 2- Provide several examples of cash crops. 3- What gap exists in many Latin American nations? 4- What institution is very powerful in Latin America and has often controlled the governments of Latin American nations? 5- Who is Hugo Chavez? 6- How has Chavez changed Venezuela? 7- What is the OAS? 8- What is the purpose of the OAS? 9- How was the OAS inspired by Simón Bolívar? 10- Previous Knowledge: What factors made it impossible for Simón Bolívar to realize his dream of a Gran Colombia? 11- Previous Knowledge: Define mercantilism. How has mercantilism affected Latin America’s economy even to this day? Excerpt adapted from oas.org “On April 30, 1948, 21 nations of the hemisphere met in Bogotá, Colombia, to adopt the Charter of the Organization of American States (OAS), which affirmed their commitment to common goals and respect for each nation’s sovereignty. Since then, the OAS has expanded to include the nations of the English-speaking Caribbean, as well as Canada. The principles that embody the OAS grew out of a history of regional cooperation dating back to the 19th century. Questions: 1- What happened on April 30, 1948? __________________________ 2- What are the goals of the OAS? __________________________ 3- What countries today belong to the OAS? __________________________ 4- How did the ideas and actions of Simon Bolivar influence the creation of the OAS? __________________________ 5- How can this regional organization promote peace in the Western Hemisphere? __________________________ 6- Why do you think this regional organization sometimes fails to promote peace? __________________________ __ In 1826, Simón Bolívar convened the Congress of Panama with the idea of creating an association of states in the hemisphere. In 1890, the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C., established the International Union of American Republics and its secretariat, the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics—the forerunner of the OAS. In 1910, this organization became the Pan American Union. In 1948, at the Ninth International American Conference, participants signed the OAS Charter and the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, the first international expression of human rights principles. The transition from the Pan American Union to the OAS was smooth. The Director General of the former, Alberto Lleras Camargo, became the first Secretary General of the OAS.” 1. The policy of establishing colonies to gain wealth by controlling colonial trade is called (1) socialism (2) fascism (3) mercantilism (4) communism 2. Which statement demonstrates a major characteristic of mercantilism in colonial Latin America? (1) Colonies developed local industries to compete with Spain. (2) Spanish colonies traded freely with English colonies. (3) Spain instituted democratic governments in its colonies. (4) Colonies were a source of raw materials for Spain. 6. The main purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union (EU) is to (1) increase the authority of the United Nations (2) encourage increased economic development (3) promote peace between nations (4) establish and enforce military alliances 7. • Organization of American States (OAS) • European Union (EU) • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) These organizations and agreements are examples of 3. Which problem faces many of the (1) political isolation least developed nations today? (2) military alliances (1) Too many varieties of crops are being (3) regional cooperation grown. (4) collective security (2) An excess of investment capital is available. 8. Which geographic feature made it (3) High rates of illiteracy are limiting difficult to unify South America? economic development. (1) Andes Mountains (4) A high-calorie diet is causing obesity. (2) Straits of Magellan (3) Gulf of Mexico 4. A major argument used to support the (4) Argentinian pampas building of the Suez and Panama Canals was that these waterways would 9. What was a major cause of the civil (1) shorten trade routes wars in many Central American nations (2) strengthen command economies in the 1970s and 1980s? (3) increase competition for trade (1) economic differences between social (4) promote the local economy classes (2) end of slavery in the encomienda 5. What was one similar goal shared by system Simón Bolívar and Mohandas Gandhi? (3) rapid economic reform (1) ending foreign control (4) oil production policies (2) promoting religious freedom (3) establishing a limited monarchy (4) creating collective farms