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Definition of a Planet How to categorize every object in our solar system Period 4, Group 4 Diameter of Planets and Dwarf Planets Diameter of Planets and Dwarf Planets 160000.0 140000.0 Value of Diameter (km) 120000.0 100000.0 80000.0 60000.0 40000.0 20000.0 0.0 Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Name of Planet or Dw arf Planet Ceres Pluto Haumea Makemake Eris Smallest Mass Planets Smallest Mass Planets 1.20000 Value of Mass (Earth=1) 1.00000 0.80000 0.60000 0.40000 0.20000 0.00000 Mercury Venus Earth Planet Mars Largest Mass Planets Largest Mass Planets 350.00000 300.00000 Value of Mass (Earth=1) 250.00000 200.00000 150.00000 100.00000 50.00000 0.00000 Jupiter Saturn Uranus Planet Neptune Mass of Dwarf Planets Mass of Dwarf Planets 0.00300 Value of Mass (Earth=1) 0.00250 0.00200 0.00150 0.00100 0.00050 0.00000 Ceres Pluto Haumea Dwarf Planet Makemake Eris Orbital Eccentricity Orbital Eccentricity of Planets and Dwarf Planets 0.500 0.450 0.400 0.300 0.250 . 0.200 0.150 0.100 0.050 M Planets and Dwarf Planets ris E ak em ak e ea H ua m lu to P C er es N ep tu ne U ra nu s at ur n S Ju pi te r ar s M ar th E en us V er cu ry 0.000 M Orbital Eccentricity (e) 0.350 Planets with Shortest Rotation Period Rotation Period 7.000 6.000 Rotation Period (Earth Days) 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0.000 Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Ceres Planets and Dwarf Planets Pluto Huamea Makemake Eris Planets with Longest Rotation Period Rotation Period 300.000 Rotation Period (Earth Days) 250.000 200.000 150.000 100.000 50.000 0.000 Mercury Venus Planets Orbital Period Planets Orbital Period 600.000 500.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 M Planets and Dwarf Planets ris E ak em ak e ea H ua m lu to P C er es N ep tu ne U ra nu s at ur n S Ju pi te r ar s M ar th E en us V er cu ry 0.000 M Orbital Period 400.000 Inclination of Orbit Inclination of Orbit 50.000 45.000 40.000 Inclination in Degrees 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0.000 Planets and Dwarf Planets IAU The IAU has created definitions that have stated traits that Planets, Dwarf Planets, and Small Solar System Bodies should contain. These definitions, however, have been proven wrong on many levels. The definitions we created are to eliminate any confusion on the topic of these objects in space. IAU Definition The IAU resolves that planets and other bodies in our Solar System be defined into three distinct categories in the following way: 1) A planet is a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, (c) has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit. 2) A dwarf planet is a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, (c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite [of a planet]. 3) All other objects orbiting the Sun shall be referred to collectively as Small Solar System Bodies. Definition of a Planet - A planet is a celestial body that must have the following criteria: Must lie within space Must orbit the sun Must clear its own neighborhood Must be composed of an atmosphere Diameter must be greater than or equal to 4,000 km Must have a mass of at least 0.5 (Earth=1) Must be spherical Definition of a Planet Must rotate in either direction (Right or Left) The number of moons a planet has is irrelevant The number of rings/belts a planet has is irrelevant Orbital period must be under 200 Earth days (Planet will have to be close to the sun) Orbital inclination must be under 10º Must have an orbital eccentricity at or below 0.150 (e) Mean orbital velocity must be greater than 6.0 km/sec Mean temperature can have a minimum of -200º C and a maximum of 500º C Definition of a Dwarf Planet -A Dwarf Planet is a celestial body that must have the following criteria: Must lie within space Must orbit around the sun Does not clear its own neighborhood Must have a diameter below 4,000 km Must have a mass less than 0.5 (Earth=1) Must be spherical Must have an orbital eccentricity below 0.150 (e) Definition of a Dwarf Planet Must rotate in either direction (Right or Left) Number of moons is irrelevant Must not have rings Orbital period must be greater than 200 Earth days Orbital inclination must be greater than 10º Must have an orbital eccentricity above 0.150 (e) Mean orbital velocity must be less than 9.0 km/s Mean temperature can have a minimum -300º C and a maximum of -100º C Definition of a Celestial Body Must lie within space Does not have to have an atmosphere Does not fit into the categories of planets or dwarf planets Can orbit another object in space Examples of celestial bodies are: Stars (Sun), comets, asteroids, meteorites, brown dwarves, etc. How is Each Space Object Categorized? Name of Each Object Category They Fall Into Mercury Planet Venus Planet Earth Planet Mars Planet Jupiter Planet Saturn Planet Uranus Planet Neptune Celestial body Ceres Dwarf planet Pluto Dwarf planet Haumea Dwarf planet Makemake Dwarf planet Eris Dwarf planet Stars (Sun) Celestial body Asteroids Celestial body Comets Celestial body Brown Dwarves Celestial body Meteorites Celestial body Thank You Very Much! Definitions By: Rachel Kester Courtney Linaker Hailey Sawchuk Period 4, Group 4