Download 「環境資源調查與利用規劃」組資格考試題

環境生態學題庫
1. Describe the interactions among soil, agriculture, and ecological environment.
2. Enumerate in detail the environmental factors that can affect crop production.
3. Describe the interrelations between global warming and agricultural production.
4. Enumerate in detail the flow direction of major components of surface energy
balance at daytime.
5. Enumerate in detail the flow direction of major components of surface energy
balance at nighttime.
6. Explain the diurnal change of micrometeorological environment within a crop
canopy.
7. Describe the temporal and spatial variation of climate in Taiwan.
8. Explain the basis of Köppen’s classification and discuss its advantages and
disadvantages.
9. Enumerate in detail two anthropogenic influences that changed our climate.
10. Explain the causes of El Niño phenomenon, and describe the change of climate
around Pacific region.
11. Explain the causes of La Niña phenomenon, and describe the change of climate
around Pacific region.
12. Explain the causes of rapid global warming since 1970’s, and describe the
possible consequences.
13. Enumerate in detail the goals of precision agriculture.
14. Enumerate in detail the importance of understanding soil with regard to
application of precision agriculture.
15. Enumerate in detail an application of remote sensing in soil and environmental
sciences related studies.
16. Illustrate, diagrammatically, the typical reflectance spectrum of bare soil,
vegetation, and water during wavelength range from 400nm to 2500nm.
17. List the name of two commonly used wavebands, with the corresponding
wavelength ranges, in remote sensing and their possible applications.
18. List the name of one space or airborne remote sensing instruments, and its
uniqueness.
19. Describe the following ecological concepts.
a) Succession
b) Energy flow between trophic levels
c) Limiting factors
d) Carrying capacity
20. Why are aggregates important in determining the quality of the soil as a habitat for
organisms?
21. What is soil quality?
22. How would you define a “healthy” agricultural soil?
23. How can biological diversity and crop rotation benefit soil quality?
24. Describe the biogeochemical cycles of carbon.
25. Describe the role of earthworms in soils.
26. Describe the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen.
27. What are the impacts of agricultural activities and practices (e.g. fertilizers,
pesticides, physical disturbance) on soil biodiversity and the capacity of the soil to
undertake its functions?
28. Describe the relationship between land management and greenhouse effect?
29. What are the ecological consequences for nitrification in soils?
30. How can organic farming increase farmer wealth and biological diversity?
31. What is the risk of gene flow from GM (genetic modified) plants to microbes?
32. Describe the roles of soil biodiversity in ecosystem function, resilience and
recovery?
33. Describe the interactions between soil organisms.
34. Describe the differences between r-strategy and K-strategy organisms.
35. What are the roles of phosphorus and nitrate in the eutrophication of rivers and
lakes?
36. List the chemicals that will cause ozone destruction, and deduce the mechanism
for at least one of the chemicals, which you give, leading to O3 disappearance.
37. Photochemical smog has become one of air pollution problems in many urban
areas in the world. Demonstrate the reactions causing photochemical smog and
propose the methods to reduce it.
38. In December 1997, world leaders met in Kyoto, Japan, to develop a strategy for
controlling carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale.
As part of the agreement, an overall goal of reducing greenhouse gases by at least
5% below 1990 levels by 2010-2012 was set. However, the objective of the Kyoto
Protocol may be defeated if “some events” occur. What are the events?
39. Give the advantages and disadvantage of using solar energy as an energy source.
40. What is bioconcentration factor (BCF) and biomagnification? For a chemical
HCB with log Kow = 5.3. What would be the predicted concentration of HCB due
to bioconcentration in the fat of fish that swim in waters containing 0.00001 ppm
of the chemical?
41. Given the standard reduction potentials at 298 oK:
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e-→2H2O Eo = 1.23 V
HCrO4- + 7H+ + 3e- → Cr3+ + 4H2O Eo = 1.20 V
Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O Eo = 1.33 V
Fe3+ + e- →Fe2+ Eo = 0.77 V
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Answer the following questions:
(1) If it is assumed that all chemical species are present in their standard states,
will H2O molecules be capable of reducing which species of Cr(VI) in acid
solution to Cr3+?
(2) Using Nernst equation to calculate the reduction potential of H2O at 25oC with
H+ concentration of 0.1 M.
(3) Evaluate the concentration ratio of [Cr3+]/[HCrO4-] for the occurrence of
HCrO4- reduction by splitting H2O molecules at pH 1.
(4) Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25oC for the reaction
HCrO4- + 3Fe2+ + 7H+ → Cr3+ + 3Fe3+ + 4H2O
42. The Henry’s Law constant KH is 1.3  10-3 mol L-1 atm-1 for oxygen at 25oC.
What is the solubility of oxygen in water at 25oC?
43. Many valuable metals, such as nickel, occur in nature as sulfide ores. The sulfur is
usually removed using a “roasted” technique to recover metals. During the
“roasted” process, SO2 is produced. Associated with the combustion of coal, these
two anthropogenic activities have been considered major sources of SO2 causing
acid rain on a global scale. Give the methods for eliminating the release of SO2
from “roasted and combustion of coal” activities.
44. Most people spend more time indoors than outdoors. Therefore, exposure to
indoor air pollutants is an important environmental problem. List indoor pollutants
commonly found and specify their sources.
45. In Bangladesh, poor people are suffering arsenic toxicity because they utilize high
As-containing groundwater as their drinking water. The UN introduces an efficient
but very cheap method to help these people by providing iron oxides to them.
Explain how the iron mineral can solve their problems?