Download Physics Final Exam Review

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Physics Final Exam Review
1. _______ Speed measurements are given in units of:
a. Distance/time
b. Distance/ time2
c. Time2/distance
d. Time/distance
2. _______ Measurements of acceleration are given in units of:
a. Distance/time
b. Distance/ time2
c. Time2/distance
d. Time/distance
3. _______ An airplane that moves 180,000 meters in one hour has a speed of:
a. 500 m/s
b. 1800 m/s
c. 50 m/s
d. 5,000 m/hr
4. _______ A car traveling at 25 m/s speeds up to 40m/s over a period of 15 seconds. The average acceleration
of the car is:
a. 1m/s2
b. 1m/s
c. 15 m/s
d. 15 m/s2
5. _______ It can be important to know the velocity of an object, not just its speed, because:
a. Velocity also tells acceleration
b. Speed is always an average
c. Velocity also tells direction
d. Speed is only useful for fast-moving objects
6. _______ A runner starts a 5-km race at 10:15 am and finishes at 10:35 am. Given this information you can
calculate the runner’s:
a. velocity
b. average speed
c. acceleration
d. more than one of these
7. _______ The velocity of an object includes
a. Speed only
b. Distance only
c. speed and direction
d. acceleration
True or False
8. _______ An object cannot be accelerating if it has a constant speed.
9. _______ If you know the speed of an object you also know the direction of movement.
10. ______ Instantaneous speed in the total distance traveled divided by the total time of travel.
11. ______ It is possible to have a negative acceleration.
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Essay
12.
Explain a situation in which you can accelerate even though your speed doesn’t change.
Graph the Following:
13.
Graph the speed of a jet plane that starts from rest and travels 528 meters in 4 seconds.
500
400
Distance (m)
300
200
100
Time (s)
14.
A jogger runs at a constant velocity of 3m/s for 5 seconds. She then slows to a speed of 1m/s in the
same direction for a time of 5 seconds. She sprints the last leg of the jog at 6m/s for 5 seconds.
Graph the acceleration.
8
7
6
Velocity (m/s)
5
4
3
2
1
Time (s)
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Describe the Motion in Each Graph:
d
t
v
t
d
t
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v
t
d
t
26. Which has a greater acceleration?
27. Which has a greater velocity?
A
B
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15.______
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following relationships is correct?
1 N = 1 kg
1 N= 1kgm
1 N= 1kgm/s
1 N= 1kgm/s2
16.______ When a pair of balanced forces acts on an object, the net force that results is:
a. Greater in size than both forces combined
b. Greater in size than one of the forces
c. Equal is size to one of the forces
d. Equal to zero
17.______ As
a.
b.
c.
d.
you push a box across a table, the friction acting on the box:
Acts in the direction of the motion
Equals the weight of the box
Acts in the direction opposite to the motion
None of these
18.______ An
a.
b.
c.
d.
open parachute increase air resistance of a falling sky diver by:
Decreasing the weight of the diver
Increasing surface area
Increasing terminal velocity
Reducing friction
19.______ The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Mars is about 1/3 the acceleration due
to gravity on Earth’s surface. The weight of a space probe on the surface of Mars is
about:
a. 9 times greater than its weight on Earth’s surface
b. 3 times greater than its weight on Earth’s surface
c. 1/3 its weight on Earth’s surface
d. The same as its weight on Earth’s surface
20.______ In
a.
b.
c.
d.
which of the following are action reaction forces involved:
When a bat strikes a ball
When stepping from a curb
When rowing a boat
All of these
21.______ The gravitational force between 2 objects increases as mass:
a. Decreases or distance decreases
b. Decreases or distance increases
c. Increase of distance decreases
d. Increases or distance increases
22.______ When an unbalanced force acts on an object:
a. The object’s motion does not change
b. The object accelerates
c. The weight of the object decreases
d. The weight of the object increases
23.______ The property of matter that resists change in its motion is:
a. acceleration
b. gravity
c. inertia
d. weight
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24.______ According to Newton’s 2nd law of motion, the acceleration of an object equals the net
force acting on the object divided by the object’s:
a. mass
b. momentum
c. velocity
d. weight
25.______ Your weight equals your:
a. mass
b. mass times acceleration due to gravity
c. mass divided by the net force acting on you
d. mass times speed
26.______ Newton’s 3rd law of motion describes:
a. Action reaction forces
b. Inertia
c. Centripetal forces
d. Net force
27.______ The product of an object’s mass and velocity is it’s:
a. Frictional force
b. Momentum
c. Net force
d. Weight
28.______ What is conserved when 2 objects collide in a closed system?
a. acceleration
b. momentum
c. speed
d. velocity
29.______ As
a.
b.
c.
d.
an astronaut travels far away from earth her weight:
Decreases because gravity decreases
Decreases because her mass decreases
Increases because gravity increases
Remains the same because her mass remains the same
30.______ How can arrows be used to represent the size and direction of a force? Give an
example:
31.______ In terms of Newton’s 2nd law, explain why you should wear your seat belt.
32.______ A billiard ball with a momentum of 20kgm/s strikes a 2nd ball at rest. What is the
change in momentum of the 2nd ball?
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33.______ Explain terminal velocity.
A force acting on an object does no work if
a) A machine is used to move the object
b) The force is not in the direction of the object’s motion
c) The force is greater than the force of friction
d) The object accelerates
How can you make the work output of a machine greater than the work input?
a) Decrease friction
b) Increase input force
c) Increase the output distance
d) You can not make the work output greater than the work input
The efficiency of a machine is always less that 100% because
a) A machine cannot have an IMA greater than 1
b) Some work input is lost to friction
c) The work input is too small
d) The work output is too great
In which of the following is no work done
a) Climbing stairs
b) Lifting a book
c) Pushing a shopping cart
d) Work is done is all of these examples
What is the unit of work?
a) Joule
b) Newton/ joule
c) Watt
d) All of these
What is the unit of power?
a) Joule
b) Newton
c) Newton-meter
d) Watt
How can a machine make work easier for you?
a) Decreasing the amount of work you do
b) Changing the direction of the force
c) Increasing the work done by the machine
d) None of these
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The AMA of a machine
a) Cannot be less than 1
b) Decreases as input distance increases
c) Increases with greater friction
d) Is less than the IMA
Reducing friction in a machine
a) Decreases the AMA
b) Decreases the work output
c) Increases its efficiency
d) Increases its ideal mechanical advantage
The ideal mechanical advantage of a pulley system is equal to the
a) Distance the load has to move
b) Length of the rope
c) Number of rope segments supporting the load
d) Weight of the object being lifted
34. ______ Energy in the form of motion:
a. Kinetic Energy
b. Potential Energy
c. Thermal Energy
d. Atomic Energy
35. ______ According to the law of conservation of energy:
a. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
b. Energy can be converted from one form to another
c. Kinetic Energy can be changed into sound and heat
d. More than one of these
36. ______ A rock sitting at the edge of a cliff has_____ because of its position.
a. Kinetic Energy
b. Potential Energy
c. Thermal Energy
d. Atomic Energy
37. ______ When you put on the brakes on your bike friction causes kinetic energy to be converted into:
a. Heat
b. Sound
c. Potential Energy
d. More than one of these
38. ______ The kinetic energy of an object increases as ___ increases.
a. Acceleration due to gravity
b. velocity
c. height
d. volume
39. ______ An object’s potential energy is directly related to all of the following except:
a. Its height
b. Its mass
c. Its speed
d. Its acceleration due to gravity
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40. ______ A 4 kg cat is resting on top of a bookshelf that is 2 meters high. What is the cat’s potential energy?
a. 6J
b. 8J
c. 20J
d. 78J
41. ______ The energy stored in gasoline is:
a. Chemical Potential Energy
b. Gravitational Potential Energy
c. Nuclear Energy
d. Thermal Energy
42. ______ Why is the potential energy of an object 1 m above the moon’s surface less than its potential energy 1
m above earth’s surface?
a. Its mass is less on the moon
b. It’s weight is more on the moon
c. Acceleration due to gravity is greater on the moon
d. Acceleration due to gravity is smaller on the moon
43. ______ If no friction acts on a diver during a dive, which of the following statements is true?
a. The potential energy at the beginning is equal to the kinetic energy at the end
b. Some energy is converted to heat
c. Some energy is converted to sound
d. More than one of these
44. ______ If friction does act on a diver during a dive, which of the following statements is true?
a. The potential energy at the beginning is equal to the kinetic energy at the end
b. Some energy is converted to heat
c. Some energy is converted to sound
d. More than one of these
Use the diagram to answer the following questions:
45. ______ Potential energy is the greatest at:
a. A and E
b. C
c. D
d. B
46. ______ Kinetic energy is the greatest at point:
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
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47. ______ Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape:
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
48. ______ Matter in which particles are arranged in repeating geometric patterns:
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
49. ______ A gas-like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively
charged particles:
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
50. ______ Matter with no definite shape or volume:
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
51. ______ Matter in which particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly through the
container:
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
52. ______ Matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape:
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. plasma
53. ______ Most matter ____ when heated.
a. expands
b. contracts
c. solidifies
d. none of these
54. ______ The particles that make up a solid move___ than the particles that make up a gas.
a. More slowly
b. More quickly
c. In the same way
d. Particles in a solid do not move
55. ______ During a change in phase:
a. The temperature does not change
b. The temperature increases
c. The temperature decreases
d. Any of these is possible
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Substance A
Substance B
Substance C
56. ______ Which substance is a solid?
57. ______ Which substance is a gas?
58. ______ Which substance is a liquid?
59. ______ What happens to the energy put into ice as it turns into liquid water?
a. No energy is required to melt ice
b. The energy is used for the phase change
c. Energy is released to the environment
d. None of these
60. ______ What is happening to the water between 0 and 100oC:
a. It is absorbing energy
b. It is getting hotter
c. The particles are moving faster and faster
d. All of these
61. ______ The kinetic theory of matter states that:
a. Particles in a gas are in constant motion
b. Particles in a liquid are in constant motion gas
c. Particles in a solid are in constant motion
d. All particles of matter are in constant motion
21._____ A material that reduces the flow of heat is a(n):
a) conductor
b) insulator
c) solar collector
d) radiator
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22. _____Through which of the following is convection most likely to occur:
a) Solids and liquids
b) Solids and gases
c) Solids only
d) Liquids and gases
23._____The transfer of energy that does not require matter:
a) convection
b) conduction
c) radiation
d) combustion
24._____Energy from the sun travels to earth by:
a) Convection
b) Conduction
c) Radiation
d) Nuclear Energy
25._____Matter is needed to transfer thermal energy by:
a) conduction
b) convection
c) radiation
d) a and b
26._____Which of the following has a higher specific heat?
a) water
b) sand
27._____A material with a higher specific heat:
a) Requires little energy to increase temperature
b) Decreases its temperature quickly
c) Requires a large amount of energy to increase temperature
d) Always has a high density
28. Explain why you should have a higher R-Value of insulation in your ceiling.
29. Explain why when one end of a piece of metal is placed in a fire the entire length of the metal is heated.
30. Explain why you will be burned when you use a wet hot pad to remove a cookie sheet from the oven.
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31. Kyle completed an experiment for the science fair using bullets fired from a gun. He recorded the results
in the data table below. What was the dependent variable?
Mass of Bullet
1g
2g
3g
a.
b.
c.
d.
32.
Trial 1
854
734
688
Distance bullet Travels (m)
Trial 2
878
744
690
Trial 3
856
730
973
Average distance
bullet travels
863
736
684
Trial 3
856
730
973
Average distance
bullet travels
863
736
684
Amount of gun powder used
Brand of gun
Size of bullets
Distance bullets travel
What hypothesis is Kyle testing?
Mass of Bullet
1g
2g
3g
a.
b.
c.
d.
Trial 1
854
734
688
Distance bullet Travels (m)
Trial 2
878
744
690
If the angle of the gun increases, then the bullet travels farther.
If the number of trials increase, then the bullet travels farther
If the mass of the bullet decreases, then the bullet travels farther.
If the bullet travels farther, then the mass of the bullet is large.