Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
OVERVIEW OF Vertebrates All vertebrates have: •dorsal, hollow nerve cord •notochord that becomes vertebrae •endoskeleton •pharyngeal pouches (become our eustachian tubes) •postanal tail at sometime during development •muscle blocks- modified layers of tissue that aid in tail movement •all are in the Chordata phylum Click in box to play movie FISH AMPHIBIANS MAMMALS BIRDS REPTILES Characteristics of Fish Fish use gills to obtain oxygen Fish have a single-loop blood circulation. The heart has 2 chambers. •Fish must also ingest amino acids because they cannot make them. •All fish have sexual reproduction. Boney fish have 3 unique structural adaptations: 1. swim bladder that fills with carbon dioxide to allow them to float 2. lateral line that is sensory tissue that allows them to stay oriented 3. operculum that covers the gills and works to pump water into the gills Key Characteristics of Amphibians •paired lungs •cutaneous breathing (skin breathing) •3 chambered heart allows for more efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange •pulmonary vein that connects lungs and heart •Amphibians are also the first animals to have legs. •Amphibians go through metamorphosis REPTILE CHARACTERISTICS Partially divided lower ½ of heart ( 3 ½ chambers) allowing for less mixing of oxygenated blood and carbon dioxide blood. Reptiles have much larger lungs with alveoli. These microscopic air sacs give increased surface area for diffusion, thus more efficiency with gas exchange. •Reptiles have amniotic eggs with the embryo surrounded by two membranes. •not all reptiles lay eggs (ovoviviparous) •internal fertilization Reptiles have dry, water-tight skin. SCALES! Reptiles are ectothermic. (cold blooded) CHARACTERISTICS OF BIRDS •have feathers •are endothermic (warm blooded) •much higher body temperature than mammals Birds have hollow bones which lightens the bone. beaks, no teeth •Parental care of the young •oviparous, hard shelled eggs Birds have a 4 chambered heart that is very efficient. Birds have a super efficient respiratory system. This system also aids in flight. Characteristics of Mammals •nurse young with mammary glands •care for young diverse, specialized teeth maintain high body temperature HAVE HAIR! Mammals have 3 styles of reproduction monotremes (oviparous) placental (viviparous) marsupials (viviparous)