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General Biology: BI101 Spring, 2007 STUDY QUESTIONS: Ch 39 1. Which of the following processes would contribute to an increase in population size? a. birth b. death c. immigration d. emigration e. Both the first and third answers are correct. 2. The rate at which a population reproduces and grows under ideal or optimal conditions is known as the __________. a. replacement-level fertility b. biotic potential c. carrying capacity d. environmental resistance e. survivorship curve 4. The number of individuals of a particular species that the local environment will support is called __________. a. biotic limit b. trophic level c. biotic potential d. carrying capacity e. ecological maximum 5. Currently, what is the approximate human population of the United States? a. 125 million b. 290 million c. 376 million d. 433 million e. 528 million 6. Which of the following areas has the highest human population growth rate, with a fertility rate of more than 2.5%? a. Africa b. China c. Central and South America d. North America e. Asia (excluding China) 7. If the number of births in a population is greater than the number of deaths, which of the following is correct? a. The population is increasing in size. b. The population is decreasing in size. c. The value for the rate of growth (r) is positive. d. The value for the rate of growth (r) is negative. 8. The biotic potential of a species depends on which of the following factors? a. the age at which the organism first reproduces b. the chance of survival to the age of reproduction c. the frequency with which reproduction occurs d. the average number of offspring produced each time e. the length of the reproductive life span of the organism f. all of the above 9. Which of the following factors is least likely to influence population size in a density-dependent way? a. predation b. competition c. emigration d. climate and weather e. parasitism and disease 10. The biotic potential of a population is most likely to be achieved _____________. a. when the population is declining b. when the population exceeds the carrying capacity c. when the population is increasing but is near carrying capacity d. when the population is small compared to the carrying capacity e. The first two answers are both correct. 769812089 1 4/29/2017 General Biology: BI101 Spring, 2007 STUDY QUESTIONS: Ch 39 11. Assuming that birth rate and death rate for a population were equal, what would happen to population numbers if emigration exceeded immigration? a. Population numbers would decrease. b. Population numbers would increase. c. Abiotic components would dwindle. d. Abiotic components would flourish 12. Which of the following examples illustrates the principle of exponential growth? a. a population of aphids whose population numbers decrease consistently from year to year b. a population of spiders whose population numbers increase one year but decrease in other years c. a population of spider mites whose population numbers double every two weeks for the course of the summer d. a population of purseweb tarantulas whose population numbers remain essentially unchanged over time 13. Which of the following would NOT decrease the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? a. depletion of nonrenewable resources b. depletion of renewable resources occurring at a slower rate than the ability of a particular renewable resource to recover c. depletion of renewable resources occurring at a rate that exceeds the ability of a particular renewable resource to recover d. none of the above 14. How have humans been able to expand the carrying capacity over the course of recorded history? a. through advances in technology and medicine b. by co-opting the resources of other species c. by exploiting renewable resources faster than they can be replaced and nonrenewable resources that cannot be replaced d. all of the above 15. Why is the U.S. population rate growing as rapidly as it is despite the fact that its fertility rate is 2.03, below the replacement-level fertility of 2.1 children per female? a. Even though our fertility rate is below RLF = 2.1, for many years after World War II the fertility rate exceeded the replacement level; therefore, the population is still going up because more women are reproducing. b. emigration c. immigration d. Both the first and third answers are correct. 23. Label the portions of the S-curve of population growth graph on the left. Answer: Label A: equilibrium Label B: exponential growth Label C: carrying capacity Label D: environmental resistance Label E: biotic potential 769812089 2 4/29/2017 General Biology: BI101 Spring, 2007 STUDY QUESTIONS: Ch 39 24. Another way to look at populations is through survivorship curves. Label each of these curves as to survivorship. Answer: Label A: early loss Label B: constant loss Label C: late loss 25. Age-structure diagrams indicate the overall health of the population. Label the three diagrams below as to how the population is changing. Answer: Label A: expanding population Label B: shrinking population Label C: stable population 31. As the size of a snowshoe hare population rises, the number of deaths due to predation by lynx often also rises because __________. a. the number of encounters between predators and prey will increase when there are more prey around b. some of the lynx will switch from other prey like grouse to seeking out snowshoe hares as the latter's numbers increase c. the increased food available to lynx will eventually increase the numbers of lynx by increasing their birth rate d. all of the above 33. Your personal "ecological footprint" depends on __________. a. the size of your house, how well it is insulated, and the climate in the region where you live b. the types of transportation you use, how much you travel, and whether you travel alone or with a group c. the types and amounts of foods you eat and how much you waste d. how many goods you consume and the waste you produce e. all of the above 769812089 3 4/29/2017