Download Benchmark SC.912.L.17.5

Florida Next Generation
Sunshine State Standards
• SC.912.L.17.5* Analyze how population size is determined by
births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors
(biotic and abiotic) that determine carrying capacity. (HIGH)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
High Complexity
High complexity benchmarks make heavy demands on student thinking. Students must engage in
more abstract reasoning, planning, analysis, judgment, and creative thought. These benchmarks
require students to think in an abstract and sophisticated way, often involving multiple steps.
Skills related to high complexity benchmarks include the following.
Construct models for research
Generalize or draw conclusions
Design an experiment
Explain or solve a problem in more than one way
Provide a justification for steps in a solution or process
Analyze an experiment to identify a flaw and propose a method for correcting it
Interpret, explain, or solve a problem involving complex spatial relationships
Predict a long term effect, outcome, or result of a change within a system
BENCHMARK SC.912.L.17.5
• Reporting Category
Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems
• Standard
Standard 17 Interdependence
• Benchmark
SC.912.L.17.5 Analyze how population size is
determined by births, deaths, immigration,
emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and
abiotic) that determine carrying capacity.
(Also assesses SC.912.L.17.2, SC.912.L.17.4,
SC.912.L.17.8, and SC.912.N.1.4.)
Benchmark Clarifications
• Students will use data and information about population dynamics, abiotic
factors, and/or biotic factors to explain and/or analyze a change in carrying
capacity and its effect on population size in an ecosystem.
• Students will assess the reliability of sources of information according to
scientific standards.
Bell Ringer
• Great White Shark vs Orca
Changes in a population’s size are determined
by immigration, births, emigration, and deaths.
The size of a population is always changing
• Four factors
affecting size
– immigration
– births
– emigration
– deaths
Population growth is based on available resources
• Exponential growth is a rapid population increase
due to an abundance of resources.
Logistic growth is due to a population facing limited resources
Logistic vs Exponential Growth
Funny Bunnies
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals
in a population that the environment can support.
Predator Prey Relationship
The predators keep the prey population
under control and the size of the population
of prey limits the amount of predators an
ecosystem can support.
Ecosystems Have Living and
Nonliving Components
Abiotic
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Water
Air
Nutrients
Rocks
Heat
Solar energy
pH
Biotic
– Living (or once
living)
– Interactions
• Competition
• Predator – prey
• Symbiosis
Major Biotic and Abiotic Components
of an Ecosystem
Ecological Relationships
graphic organizer
Concept
Predation
Predator
Prey
Symbiosis
Parasitism
Commensalism
What I know
What I learn
Predation
• Predators
–
–
–
–
Use pursuit
Ambush
Camouflage
Chemical warfare (venom)
• Prey
–
–
–
–
Swift movement
Shell
Camouflage
Chemical to poison
13
PREDATION
14
15
16
17
18
Span worm
Wandering leaf insect
Poison dart frog
Viceroy butterfly mimics
monarch butterfly
Bombardier beetle
Hind wings of moth
resemble eyes of a
much larger animal
Foul-tasting monarch
butterfly
When touched, the
snake caterpillar
changes shape to look
like the head of a snake
Some ways prey species avoid their prey
Giant swallowtail butterfly larva
(Papilio cresphontes).
Hawkmoth
caterpillar.
20
21
22
24
25
Symbiosis
• Any interaction between two species
– Parasitism
– Commensalism
– Mutualism
Parasitism
• Live on or in another
species
• Host is harmed
– Ex. Tapeworms, ticks, fleas,
mosquitoes, Candiru (vampire
fish), Lamprey
Mutualism (benefits both species)
– Pollination mutualism
(between flowering plants
and animals)
– Nutritional mutualism
– Lichens grow on trees
– Birds/rhinos- nutrition and
protection
– Clownfish/sea anemones
– Inhabitant mutualism
– Vast amount of organisms
like bacteria in an animal’s
digestive tract
– Termites and bacteria in gut
28
Commensalism
– Helps one species but
does nothing for the
other
Ex. Redwood sorrel
grows in shade of
redwood
- Humans and
Eyelash Mites
29
Ecosystem Relationships
Manipulative Cards
In groups pair each picture with the correct interaction
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Predation
Abiotic Factors Can Limit Population Growth
Limiting factor principle
Too much or too little
of any abiotic factor
can limit (or prevent)
growth of a
population, even if all
other factors are at or
near optimal range
Range of Tolerance for a Population
of Organisms
INSERT FIGURE 3-10 HERE
Ecological factors limit population growth
• A limiting factor is something that keeps the size
of a population down.
• Density-dependent limiting factors are affected
by the number of individuals in a given area.
Density-dependent limiting factors are affected by
the number of individuals in a given area.
Biotic Factors
– predation
– competition
– parasitism
and disease
Density-independent limiting factors limit a
population’s growth regardless of the density
Reduces Biodiversity!
Abiotic Factors
– climate change
– natural disasters
– human activities
– introduction of invasive
species
– habitat degradation
– pollution
Ecological Succession
• Succession is the sequence of biotic
changes that regenerated a damaged
community or create a community in a
previously uninhabited area.
• The two types:
– Primary succession
– Secondary succession
Primary Sucession
• Is the establishment and development of an
ecosystem in an area that was previously
uninhabited.
• The first organisms to live there is referred
to as the pioneer species. May be licens,
mosses, fungi which may break down rock,
forming soil, which will eventually grow
vegetation and so forth.
Examples
Secondary Sucesison
• Is caused by a disturbance such as a fire or
hurricane destroys an established
community.
• It is the reestablishment of a damaged
ecosystem.