Download Salmonella Control Programme in Laying Hens.

Salmonella Control Programme
in Laying Hens.
UK Example
Workshop on Monitoring and
Reporting System of Zoonoses and
Control of Salmonella
Belgrade, March 2012
Lesley Larkin
United Kingdom
Outline
1. Background to the UK industry
2. The requirements of the NCP
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Key points
Sampling protocol
Operator sampling
Official sampling
Additional sampling
Actions in case positive
3. Salmonella control on layer farms
4. Implementing the programme
UK Poultry Industry - Background
Largest producer in EU – 34.5 million laying hens in
2011
 11billion eggs p/a - table egg industry worth £561
million (2010)
 Consumes 1 million tons cereals per annum
(Breeders, Pullets and Layers)
 Approx 99% of UK production produced by approx
1800 farm premises
5000000
4800000
 85% self-sufficient
 6th
4600000
4400000
4200000
4000000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
UK target: SE/ST prevalence reduction in adult laying flocks
by 10% each year (starting in 2008) from the baseline 8%
prevalence by 2010. Target now 2% less flocks positive
Introduction to the NCP
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Started February 2008.
Enhanced monitoring & controls for Salmonella in
commercial layer flocks:
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Annex II B of Regulation (EC) No. 2160/2003 → the time at which
samples are taken is specified
Regulation (EC) No. 517/20101 replaced Regulation (EC) No.
1168/2006 → type of sample, analysis etc specified
Programme implemented on all UK premises with 350+
birds
Enforced through UK National Legislation for marketing of
eggs – The ‘Egg and Chick Regulations’.
Financial penalty system for non compliance
No compensation payable in the UK for positive flocks
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Operation of the programme
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Operators are responsible for a large part of the
programme.
Farmers must keep records of flocks and testing
NRL will keep database of positive findings
Negative test returns from private laboratories
To ensure that the plan is operating satisfactorily it is
monitored by the Competent Authority
Local knowledge is important!
Routine official sampling and farm inspections carried
out at the same time as egg marketing/food hygiene
inspections carried out
Every 15 weeks
2 weeks
before
lay
Day old
22-26 weeks
age
2 pairs boot swabs or
faeces 2x150g
2 pairs boot swabs
or faeces 2x150g
2 pairs
boot swabs
chick box
liners
DOA
Operator Sampling Programme
Official Sampling
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Routine official sample:
1 flock/yr on holdings with > 1000 birds
 State vet service veterinary officers visit the
premise and sample the flock
 Check the farmers sampling records
 Sample = 2x 150 gram faeces/ 2x pairs boot
swabs and dust
 Sample tested at the NRL
Confirmatory/suspect samples
 Official sample following detection of
positive flock
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Laying
Chickens official
controls when
+ve flock
detected
Options for additional “challenge” test
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Regulation 1237/2007
Owners may opt to re-test the flock at own expense. If
tests are negative the eggs may be marketed again as
Class A
Under supervision:
 Enhanced faeces plus dust (test individual) OR
 Internal organs (caecae and oviducts) of 300 birds
OR
 4,000 eggs (shell and contents) examined in pools of
40.
Samples taken by State Veterinarians
Aim to ensure robust audit trail
Control of Salmonella
on laying hen farms
Potential Sources of Salmonella
Infected source
breeding flocks
Hatchery
contamination
Housing
Bedding
materials
Water
Insects and
rodents
Equipment
Wild birds
Other farm
livestock
(pigs!)
Contaminated
Feed
People
Major epidemiological risk factors for Salmonella
introduction at primary production
Control of Salmonella – on farm
1. Prevent introduction – good biosecurity and
source from Salmonella-negative breeding flocks
2. All-in-all-out production system
3. Effective decontamination of affected houses
4. Pest control
5. Vaccination
6. Clean feed, litter and water sources
7. Effective monitoring for Salmonella
(National Control Programmes)
 Antimicrobials prohibited
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Focus on areas where you can achieve improvement!
Important to rank the risk factors in a specific situation
and work through each factor in order of priority
Control of infection in the breeding pyramid critical
Basic biosecurity principles eg use boot changes going
into/out of each house are often forgotten
Feed
 critical points for monitoring.
 Code of Practice for Salmonella control during
production, storage and transport of feed
Effective
decontamination
affected houses
Post cleaning and
disinfection swabbing
 Key
areas of the house
are swabbed for
residual contamination.
 Samples are taken
after disinfectants have
dried using moist gauze
or sponge pads
 Repopulation of the
house only after
negative results
Vaccination
Used in UK broiler parent breeders and laying hens
 Vaccination only works:
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1. when low/moderate environmental challenge present
2. when applied properly to healthy birds before challenge.
 Not all vaccine programmes are equally effective.
Live-killed combinations, oil based vaccines best
 Combining vaccination with competitive exclusion
products can also improve efficacy
 Vaccination is not a substitute for good farm
management
 (Costly to distinguish field strain from live vaccine
strain!)
Recognised challenges and solutions (1)
1. Reduction and elimination of Salmonella infection
on poultry farms is not easy
2. Effective cleaning and disinfection only possible
when flock depopulated
3. Risk of incoming flock becoming re-infected
Solutions?
publication of Codes of Practice
provision of free expert advice on Salmonella
control to industry
Encourage all-in-all-out production systems
ongoing research programme to identify best
control options/ review current methods
Recognised challenges and solutions (2)
4. Gaining and maintaining industry cooperation –
difficult with economic impact
5. The UK has many small holdings/premises where
laying hens produce eggs fro human consumption
Solutions?
Close government industry working partnership
- shared responsibility
 Build on existing industry farm assurance
schemes
 Education of producers – letters, DVD, guidance
Proportionate approach to implementation –
concentrate on greatest risk