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Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher Date: December 10, 2007 Drill Name the 4 types of biological molecules and give examples of each o Protein:meat o Carbohydrates:bread o Lipids-fats, butter, oil Crisco o Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA Name the processes necessary to go from DNA to Protein o DNA(transcription)RNA-(translation)Protein Name the parts of the scientific method o Observation o Ask questions o Hypothesis o Experiment o Analyze Data o Conclusion o Peer Review Name the characteristics of life o Cells o DNA o Grows & Develops o Reproduce o Evolve o Obtain & Use energy & resources o Respond to environment o Homeostasis Animals: Cell Layers Ectoderm-skin and other body coverings Mesoderm-skeleton and muscles Endoderm-digestive tubes and assistant organs Body Plans Coeom- fluid filled body cavity o Our organs and blood Acoelomate o No body cavity o Ex flatworm o Pseudocoelomate o Body cavity between and mesoderm o Ex roundworm o Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher o (Eu) Coelomate o Have fluid filled coelom o Have muscle on both sides o Earthworm Radial Symmetry o Body is arranged like pieces of a pie o Bilateral Symmetry o Can divide equally with a single cut o Humans, crabs, and insects What makes an animal? Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic No cell wall Take food in to digest Have a digestive track Diploid Distinct development ( Blastula, Gastrula, larva) Phylum Porifera Body type/Symmetry Aceolemate ___________ Radial symmetrial or asymmetrical Examples Characterics Pictures sponges Sessile=don’t move Porous bodies Spucules-make up skeleton of sponge Filter feders Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher Cnideria Aceolemate ___________ Radial symmetry Jelly fish, Hydra Sea anemane, coral Carnivores Cnidocytes= stinging cells Polyp-sessile form. Medusa=actual jellyfish Platyhelminthes Aceolemate Bilateral Flatworm Tapeworm Fluke Parasitic, scolex, mouth opening One digestive tract opening Asexual reproduction Nerve Cord Mouth/Anus same Cross Fertilization Nematoda Pseudocelomate Radial symmetrial Roundworms Hookworms Trichinella (pork) Active hunters Found in soil Parasitic Stylet= needle like mouth Exoskeleton Central ganglion Nerve cord Most male/female parts Complete digestive tude Moist skin acts as “lungs” Phylum Body type/Symmetry Coelomate __________ Bilateral or Radial Examples Characterics Earthworm Leeches Sandworms Segmented worms Septa= segments Hermaphroditichave both sex organs Annelidia Pictures Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher Molluska Coelomate __________ Bilateral Snails Squid Clams Scallops Slugs Octopus Almost all have shells -nerve chord -male or female -complete digestive system -Gills/”lungs” 3 parts foot head viseral mass some have shells Gastropods_ snails, slugs Bivalves-clams, or oysters Cephalopodssquid/octopus Echinodermata Coelomate __________ Bilateral Star fish Sea urchin Sea cumber Sea stars Exoskeleton Carnivores Pentaradial symemtry-5 arms symmetry -male/female -external fertilization -short digestive tract -mouth not anus -nerve ring Arthropoda Coelomate __________ Bilateral Bugs/insects Shrimp Spiders Crabs Lobsters Milipeds, Crayfish Chordata Bilateral -Exoskeleton First winged organism Acarchnids-spiders Crustaceans- crabs, lobsters Uniramia=insects, largest group Insecta-Insects -nerve chord -several ganglia, big one in head -Male & Femaleinternal fertilization -Aquatic-water-gills -terrestial-landtrachea/book lung -spinal chord - P. Chordata/Bilateral Eucoelomate *have a spinal chord encased in a backbone of vertebra *Includes Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, amphibian, Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher C. Agnatha *Have a nervous system and peripheral nervous system o Osteichthyes Boney Fish External Fertilization Non-waterproof egg Many offspring Two chambered heart Kidneys get rid of nitrogen and salt poison Gills (few have lungs) Have Operculum to move water over gills Jawless fish Lamprey, hagfish Gills C. Chondrichthyes Bilateral/Eucelomate 2 chambered heart No bone Skeleton made of cartilage Includes rays, skates, and sharks Have internal fertilization and give birth to live young Smooth skin live birth C. Osteichthyes Bony fish Central Nerve Chord Gills Scales External eggs C. Amphibia Bilateral Eucoelomate Ectothermic (cannot control body temperature) Live part of their life in the water No scales Reproduce externally Need water to survive 3 chambered heat Kidneys get rid of waste Gills as larvae and lungs as adults Moist skin helps in gas exchange Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher C. Reptilia bilateral Eucoelomate Ectothermic Internal Reproduction Scales on skin made of keratin prevent from drying out Backbone Leathery shell on egg some eggs held inside for some time 3 chambered heart Kidneys to filter wastes Born with and Use lungs Poikilothermic (cold blooded)- in animals whose body temperature is not internally regulated Crocodiles and Alligators o 4 chambers o Internal fertilization hard shell C. Aves (birds) Bilateral Eucoelomate Internal fertilization with hard shelled eggs Feathers Hard egg Well Developed digestive tract including intestines, stomach, plus a crop for grinding 4 chambered heart Hollow bones (for flight) Wings appendages Beaks Homoeothermic (warm blooded) C. Mammalia Bilateral Eucoelomate Internal Fertilization Make milk Gives birth to live young Has hair Development of young internal except for monotremes (platypus, echidna) and marsupials, (kangaroo, opossum Lungs 4 Chambered heart Complete digestive tract including mouth. P. Porifera Asymetric/Acelomate Sponges Sessile (larva plankton) Contains Pores through which water can pass Skeletal structure of spicules Marine P. Cnideria Radial/Acelomate Sessile (polyp) Nekton (medusa) Tentacles extend up or hang down to capture prey Cnidocytes are stinging cells used to subprey In hole=out hole Nerve Net Biology 3rd Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher P. Platyhelminthes Bilateral/Acelomate Flat body Nerve net with ganglia Hermaphroditic Aquatic or terrestrial and Parasite Annelida Radial/Pseudocelomate and Eucoelomate Segmented worms Polycheta (marine worms) Oligochaetes (earthworm) Hirudinia (leeches) Hydrostatic skeleton –fluids push against the inside of the skin to move the worm Segments provide organ organization Mollusca/Bilateral Eucoelomate A mouth and through-gut terminating in a anus \A protective dorsal shell secreted by fleshy mantle is present in many A radula (strap like tongue with chitinous teeth) Muscular foot in many Gaseous exchange over lung mantle and body surface A nervous system highly developed in some especially the organs of “Open” blood system P. Molluska P. Arthropoda Insects, Crustaceans and Spiders Nerve cord with ganglia Larger ganglia/brain in head Sexually different male and females touch, smell, taste and vision