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Study the Genetic Basis of Some Morphological Characters for Proteus Bacteria Isolasted from Medical Samples A Thesis Submitted By Saja Dhia Al-Deen Mustafa Al-Redhwany To The Council of College of Education, University of Mosul In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of M.Sc. In Biotechnology Supervised by Assist. Prof. Dr. Khalid D. Ahmed 1433 A.H. 2012 A.D. ABSTRACT The present study includes collection of 30 bacterial isolates of genus Proteus during two months (July and August) of 2010 from different human infections in Mosul Hospital. These bacteria were identified depending on morphological, cultural characters and biochemical tests and the results revealed that these bacteria belong to the genus Proteus and of two species P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris with prevalence of P. vulgaris species (21 isolates) over P. mirabilis (9 isolates). The resistance of bacterial isolates were tested to 10 different antibiotics, 4 heavy metals and swarming phenomenon. The results showed that there are variation in their antibiotic resistance with range ratio (60-70)%, to heavy metals (70-80)% and all isolated display swarming phenomenon. Characterization of plasmid DNA content for five bacterial isolates belonging to P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris were carried out by using agarose gel electrophorasis and the results showed isolate the presence of discrete clear and isolated band in each species and of similar size present in agarose gel, which indicate that one species of plasmid may be exist in these isolates. These bacterial isolates of the P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris were chosen for local determination of their genes that encoding resistance to 10 antibiotics and 4 heavy metals, swarming phenomenon, production of urease, phenylalanine deaminase and production of hydrogen sulfate gas, by the genetic transformation of the laboratory strain E. coli JM83 using calcium chloride and heat shock. The results showed that genes confer resistance to antiobiotics (AP, N.A, Tc, Tri, Vef, Cip, Cm, Nit, Nor& G) and heavy metals (CoCl2, CdCl2, HgCl2& NiCl2) are located on plasmid DNA of these chosen bacterial isolated. Also, the results of transformation indicate that some E.coli JM83 transformant have ability to display the swarming phenomenon and production of urease and phenylalanine deaminase but no transformant colony can produce of H2S. Curing of plasmid DNA content of the bacterial isolates that used in genetic transformation experiments were performed by using the curing agents SDS, urea and Tris with different concentrations ranging from 0.25-1.0% and at logaritmic and stationary phase of bacterial growth. Reasonable ratio values of curing were obtained, which support the results of genetic transformation. But the cured bacterial isolates revealed urease, phenylalamine deaminase and H2S productio