Download Beginning of the Life Cycle

Beginning of the Life Cycle
Chapter 17
Start page….468
The Human Body
• An Everyday Miracle
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOUKD6qj5uU
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0WM9oRr07w
Lesson 1
Prenatal Development and Care
• Human fetus begins with fertilization:
joining of ovum and sperm.
• Pregnancies are divided into three specific
time periods; unique development occurs
at each stage called _______.
Stages not weeks of development
First Trimester 0-12/14 weeks
– Zygote is the single cell produced by the
joining of the egg and sperm
• it divides into a ball of cells as it travels down the
fallopian tube
…to eventually implant or
embed in the uterine lining,
…this period lasts about
4-5 days
(√ blastocyst)
First Trimester 0-12/14 weeks
– The blastocyst stage is the resulting ball of
cells that has separated into an inner and
outer group of cells. .
• The inner group of cells will be come the embryo
• The outer group of cells will become the
membranes that nourish and protect the embryo
(placenta, amniotic sac and umbilical cord).
– http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/cellmovie.html
– http://faculty.weber.edu/tlday/Prenatal/blastocyst.html
Most critical phase of development
• The cells of the embryo
now multiply and begin to
take on specific functions.
This process is called
differentiation; the
growing baby is most
susceptible to damage.
• Week 5:
• The brain, spinal cord,
ears, arms develop; 
begins 2 beat.
• Nervous and cardiovascular systems
functional; gastrointestinal tract begins
2 form
1st Trimester -- 0-12/14 weeks
• 1” long @ 8 weeks – mouth,
nostrils, eyelids, hands,
fingers, feet, toes
• Develops human profile, sex
organs, eyelids, finger and
toenails, by week 12 makes
crying motions/sucks thumb
• The end of the eighth week
marks the end of the
"embryonic period" and the
beginning of the "fetal period."
• Morning sickness!
2nd Trimester -- 13/15-28 weeks
• Fetus can blink –
eyebrows/lashes
• More activity
• Body growth, head
growth slows
• Limbs reach full
proportion
• Hearing intact
• Sleep and wake cycles
• ~12“ long and weighs 1#
• Mom’s feeling pretty good
Third Trimester 29-40 weeks
• All Five Senses
(sight, sound, smell, taste, touch)
• Pass water from
bladder
• Brain scans show
“dreams”
• Weight 6-9#
• Ready for Birth
Body Changes – Breech Positions
Prenatal Development and Care
• Expectant parents have many options regarding
location and method of delivery of their baby.
– Natural….birthing center, family birthing room, at
home births (midwives), delivery rooms
– ....and how – will you birth: in water, while squatting, on your hands
and knees?
– ….how about the environment around you: lights to be dimmed, noise
level hushed? background music a favorite CD?
• epidural (anesthetic outer membrane
• of spinal cord/and overlying bones),
• episiotomy (incision to enlarge
• the vaginal opening in late stage labor
• to prevent tearing and facilitate birth)
Prenatal Development and Care
– Surgical option:
– Cesarean…..30% in US
• horizontal
• Vertical
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyN48VnRYUY
– Birth has three steps:
• Labor
• Delivery
• Afterbirth
• Stork….
•
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2144/why-are-storks-associated-with-babies
Twins and Exit Procedure…. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-falsuafIfc
http://fox2now.com/2012/02/21/twins-trapped-in-mothers-womb-by-tumor/?hpt=us_bn6
Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics
Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics
• DNA determines individual
characteristics
– Human’s contribute one sex chromosome in sperm
and one in the egg (together a pair is formed).
Journal Question…w1
• Should we be genetically
engineering the sex of our
children?
Should we be genetically engineering the
sex of our children? March 12/13, 2012
•
CON -- Are designer babies ethical?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6GOhttItm8
•
PRO -- Genetically Engineering Intelligent Babies - Horizon: Are We Still
Evolving? Preview - BBC Two --- The Fertility Institutes in LA, where Dr
Jeff Steinberg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQuvvLoDTsw
and CBS NEWS for LA Fertility
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZOgzC8D_6Q
•
CON – FOX News …Ethics Issues
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QekEveUm3KE
•
PRO -- Chill out about Designer Babies (Scientist analyzes genetics)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJGZsEVUPBA
•
The scientific approach:
BBC…Designer Babies - Comments by Princeton professor Lee Silver
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN9ep4B9Hw0
Gattaca: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZppWok6SX88
Planet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjcpRHuPjOI
Lesson 2 – Heredity
and Genetics
In determining the sex of
the child…….
– A female contributes a
= X…or X
– A male contributes a
= X…or Y
The Y chromosome contains a
gene, SRY, triggering embryonic
development as a male. The Y
chromosomes also contain other
genes needed for normal sperm
production.
Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics
Most cells have 46
Chromosomes
Or 23 pairs
Sections of chromosomes
are genes or
Basic units of heredity
1 gene is from each pair is
Inherited from each parent
The egg and sperm cells
only contribute half
Or 23 chromosomes
Although most cells = 46, the egg and sperm
only contribute half or 23 chromosomes
thus, the X or Y determinate.
How many chromosomes do
people have?
Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics
• DNA determines individual characteristics
• Children inherit other
genetic traits from their
parents like:
-- Hair, skin, and eye color
-- Ear lobes, tongue rolling, toes, fingers, etc.
DNA – the human genome
Genetic Information
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/ptc/
Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics
• Genetic disorders: caused by defects in genes
– Downs Syndrome
(affects physical/mental characteristics)
– Cleft Palette
(affects physical characteristics)
– Neuro-tubal Defects
(affects physical/mental affects)
--Sickle Cell Anemia
(affects RBC, joints, abdomen, kidneys)
-- Tay Sachs
(affects nervous systems)
--Hemophilia
(no clotting factor –blood)
– Cystic Fibrosis
(mucus clogs organs, nutrition problems, serious respiratory infections & congestion)
Genetics – disease/sex
• Genetic research is an opportunity
to correct some genetic disorders.
– Amniocentesis is a procedure to check the
genetic coding and determine risks of
disorders.
Amniocentesis
•
http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/pregnancy/000238.htm
•
http://www.medicinenet.com/amniocentesis/article.htm#
Down’s Syndrome
Cleft Palate
Neuro Tubal Defects
Prenatal Care is vital to Mom and
Baby’s health
• Regular medical check ups
& over all health care (sleep, hygiene….)
• Proper nutrition (calcium, protein, iron,
vitamin A, B complex, folic acid)
• Extra 300 calories/day = 2.5 extra cups milk
• Healthy weight gain (25-35#)
• Fitness and flexibility
• Avoid alcohol and other drugs (OTC, Rx,
• illegal's), tobacco, other environmental hazards
(exposure to asbestos, radiation, lead, mercury, other
heavy metals, etc.)
Lesson 3
Birth through Childhood
• complete a variety of tasks during the
four stages of childhood:
-1- Infancy: birth to 12 mos. …(any stories?)
-2- Early childhood: ages 1-3 …(1st memory?)
-3- Middle childhood: ages 4-6 ...(1st day @ school?)
-4- Late childhood: 7-12
…(favorite teacher?)
Lesson 3
Birth through Childhood
• Health screenings can identify problems
and monitor growth and development.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEi7LUPkweA
• Keeping a health history and
immunizations current is critical to good
health.
• http://www.kidsdirect.net/
And then there is..
Adolescence:13 years + ?
“Second childhood: when old goats act like kids”- Salada
Coming Attractions….
THE QUIZ
Fetal
Development
The End