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Bell Ringer Question Is society better run when there is a clear power structure in place or when everyone is equal? Russian Revolution Ms. Rendek and Mr. Bell Communism ALL property belongs to the community or state Control of all social, economic, and political policies Leaders of Russia Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra RUSSIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE AFTER THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TSAR LANDED NOBLES CLERGY CAPITALISTS BIG BUSINESSMEN INDUSTRIAL WORKING CLASS PEASANTS RUSSIA ENTERS WWI IN 1914 DO NOT WRITE USE OF PATRIOTIC SLOGANS ABOUT PROTECTING THEIR COUNTRY OPPONENTS WERE DENOUNCED AS TRAITORS WHAT A DISASTER!!! 15 MILLION MEN GO TO WAR RUSSIAN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE CAN’T KEEP UP WITH PRODUCTION NEEDS INFLATION AND FAMINE AT HOME RUSSIA SUFFERS NUMEROUS MILITARY DEFEATS NICHOLAS APPOINTS HIMSELF LEADER OF MILITARY March Revolution Working class women in Petrograd lead strikes due to rationing of bread – want an end to regime Movement grows – others join including soldiers Czar and family removed – create a new government 300 year Romanov dynasty ended People growing unruly… Want an end to the war Want more rights New government was not making changes! “Soviets” begin to emerge and challenge government – councils made of workers and soldiers V.I. LENIN Inspired by teachings of Marx; leads Bolsheviks (faction of Marxist Party) Wants to use Soviets to have violent revolution and destroy capitalism Topples new government by preaching “PEACE, LAND, AND BREAD!” THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION 1917 LENIN’S BOLSHEVIK PARTY STORMS THE WINTER PALACE AND TAKE CONTROL OF RUSSIA FROM THE NEW GOVERNMENT THE GOAL WAS TO GET WORKING CLASSES EVERYWHERE TO REVOLT Civil War in Russia Some people oppose communist regime Try to fight and reestablish the monarchy Bolsheviks respond with force End up murdering Czar’s family As you watch the video… What most contributed to the Czar’s downfall? What should he have done differently? Why Russian Revolution was a Success: Well-disciplined military force Disunity of anti-Communist forces Clear sense of purpose Control of central aspects of the state – banks, production, politics Revolutionary Terror – Red secret police Russian patriotism Closure What most allowed for the Russian Revolution to be a success? Conditions in Europe in the Interwar Period Ms. Rendek and Mr. Bell Think with your partner… What issues would Germany be facing following the end of WWI? How might this influence daily life in Germany? League of Nations International organization dedicated to solving conflicts and promoting peace What does this sound similar to? Promoted by Woodrow Wilson, but US never formally joined Weak League of Nations – Why? Not all countries joined the League. The League had no power. The League had no army. Unable to act quickly. Why do you think this is an issue? German-French Rivalry French want Germans to pay reparations Germans experience financial issues – can not pay French forcefully occupy Ruhr Valley – area with industry and mining Collect reparations by taking German resources Great Depression Downturn in economies of nations – food prices, overproduction International financial crisis with crash of US stock market Effects all countries – interconnected markets Inflation in Germany Start printing more money Leads to inflation – rise in prices and worth of currency A Positive? Kellogg-Briand Pact – pledge of 63 nations to abandon war as a tactic of political policy Democratic States Weimar Republic: Democratic government in Germany after WWI Many people do not like Weimar Republic Blamed for inflation and high unemployment New government, so somewhat unstable Reading and Questions Closure How might these conditions lead to the emergence of strong leaders? Rise of Adolf Hitler Ms. Rendek and Mr. Bell Remember…. What were some of the issues that Germany was facing? Development of the Nazi Party Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) or Nazi Party Sent to jail – develops political philosophy that power must be achieved legally Hitler Gains Power Expands support for party Promise of a new Germany through emotional speeches Powerful and threatening Nazi Party – other parties need support to control it How Did Hitler Become Chancellor? Enabling Act Allows government to ignore constitution for four years to accommodate to nation’s issues How does this contribute to Hitler becoming a dictator? Hitler’s Initial Objectives 1. Unification 2. “Purification” 3. Expansion Hitler’s Objective Unification unite all German speaking people Hitler’s Objectives 2. Purification – promotion and creation of one Aryan race in Germany Hitler’s Objectives 3. Expansion – Expand German lands to create a third German Empire (Third Reich) How is this accomplished? Maintain Order - Guard Squadrons (The SS) Gestapo – Secret Police under the SS Appeal to the general public Major spectacles (ex: parades) Terror Hitler Youth Video Questions How does the creation of Hitler Youth reflect Hitler’s objectives? Why would he target children to help with his movement? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVUAIPMsZ60 Closure Had the Treaty of Versailles been less discriminatory, do you think Hitler would have been able to rise to power? Why or why not?
