Download Italian possessive adjective

Italiano II
Il 21 di
gennaio
2016
Aggettivi
Italian Language Lessons
Grammar, spelling, and usage
Italian Adjectives
Italian and English differ in their usage of adjectives. Italian
descriptive adjectives are usually placed after the noun they
modify, and with which they agree in gender and number.
COMMON ITALIAN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN O
allegro
buono
cattivo
freddo
grasso
cheerful, happy
good, kind
bad, wicked
cold
fat
leggero
nuovo
pieno
stretto
timido
light
new
full
narrow
timid, shy
Adjectives ending in -o have four
forms: masculine singular,
masculine plural, feminine singular,
and feminine plural. Observe how
the adjectives nero and cattivo
change to agree with nouns they
modify.
ENDINGS OF -O ADJECTIVES
SINGULAR
il gatto nero (the black
cat, masculine)
PLURAL
i gatti neri (the black
cats, masculine)
la gatta nera (the black
cat, feminine)
il ragazzo cattivo (the
bad boy)
la ragazza cattiva (the
bad girl)
le gatte nere (the black
cats, feminine)
i ragazzi cattivi (the bad
boys)
le ragazze cattive (the
bad girls)
Il lavoro presentazione LA FAMIGLIA e
Progetti
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES IN
ITALIAN GRAMMAR
Adjectives describe, qualify or modify
nouns and pronouns. They can also be
descriptive when describing the noun in
detail by assigning an attribute to that
noun. In English adjectives generally
come before the noun they modify, in
Italian they come after.
In Italian the adjective and noun must
also have to agree in number and
gender. Adjectives precede the noun
when the adjectives indicate a valuation,
impression or a judgment of the
speaker. These are known as accessory
adjectives (words like “beautiful,” “thin,”
and “large,” etc.) If you ask yourself
how/what (com’e) something is you will
probably come up with the proper
descriptive adjectives.
For instance:
This is a house. (no adjective) = Questa
è una casa.
This is a big and beautiful house. (with
adjectives) = Questa è una casa bella e
grande.
In this example each adjective tells
describes another element of the house.
Claudia è una ragazza. = Claudia is a
girl. (no adjective)
Claudia è una ragazza intelligente. =
Claudia is an intelligent girl ( con
aggettivo)
As you can see the addition of
adjectives changes the meaning of the
sentence. While adjectives are not
always necessary, but they are
important because they allow us to be
specific in our thinking and description.
Adjectives for More Than One Noun
An adjective referring to more names of
the same genre gets the plural of that
genre. For example, "ho comprato una
scatola e matite nuove." ("I bought a
new pencil case and pencils.") In Italian,
if an adjective refers to a different genre,
but all the nouns are singular then the
masculine plural of the adjective is used.
ie:
Passeggio con un signore ed una
signora anziani = I'm walking with an
older man and woman.
Cappello e borsetta moderni = Trendy
hat and purse.
While an adjective modifying two nouns
of different genders is always
masculine. For example, "i padri e le
madri Italiani" ("Italian fathers and
mothers.") If an adjective refers to more
names linked by the conjunction O it is
preferred to match the adjective to the
closest name: Preferisci una rosa O un
garofano rosso? Or better: preferisci
una rosa rossa O un garofano rosso?
Indosserai la giacca o il soprabito
nuovo?
The substitution of an adjective for a
noun referring to a person or object with
a particular quality is more common in
Italian than in English. For example:
La ragazzina vuole comprare il gelato =
The young girl wants to buy an ice
cream.
I giovani di oggi sono viziati = Young
people today are spoiled.
Ci sono pochi bambini in Italia = There
are few children in Italia
Descriptive adjectives usually agree in
gender and number with the noun they
qualify, as I already said previously,and
they usually follow it. Adjectives ending
in E mantain "e" for both masculine and
feminine singular, changing to an -i in
the plural.
Claudia e Franco sono portoghesi =
Claudia and Franco are Portuguese.
If there are two or more nouns of
different genders, adjectives get the
masculine ending:
Tullio ed io siamo italiani = Tullio and I
are Italian.
Adjectives: Before or After the Noun?
Sometimes adjectives are placed either
before or after the noun, depending on
the placement the meaning can change:
Una amica vecchia (a friend who is old)
or una vecchia amica (we have been
friends for a long time.)
Una grande donna (a great or
courageous woman), una donna
grande (a large woman).
Some adjectives that change meaning
according to their position:
• figlio unico (the only son), un figlio
unico nel suo genere (a unique son)
• l'unica occasione (the only chance),
un'occasione unica (a unique
opportunity)
• un'amica vecchia (an old friend, age),
una vecchia amica (an old friend)
• diversi giorni (several days), giorni
differenti (different days)
• un alto ufficiale (a high-ranking officer),
un ufficiale alto (a tall officer)
• una buona famiglia (a wealthy family),
una famiglia buona (a honest family)
• una donna povera (a poor woman),
una povera donna (a very sad
woman)
In this lesson we learned how important
adjectives are, especially descriptive
adjectives, which in Italian need to be
used correctly in order to enrich your
sentence and elaborate on the noun in
it.
Exercise:
Find the correct adjective:
Come si dice chi
1. Chi non ha più denti
2. Chi non può più lavorare per la
vecchiaia e le malattie
3. Chi non vede da lontano
4. Chi affronta imprese per le quali non
ha requisiti
5. Chi sa molte cose su un argomento
6. Chi è una persona responsabile
7. Chi compie imprese difficili
8. Chi vuole ottenere subito dei risultati
9. Chi inciampa spesso
10. Chi non è mai sicuro di niente
Answers:
Sdentato,malato, miope, incosciente, colto,
affidabile, coraggioso, impaziente,
maldestro, insicuro.
Il libro della classe
SENTIERI
Italian Possessive
Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives I
Possessive adjectives are those that indicate
possession or ownership. They correspond to the
English "my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," and
"their." The Italian possessive adjectives are also
preceded by definite articles and agree in gender and
number with the noun possessed, not with the
possessor. The table below provides a chart of
possessive adjectives (aggettivi possessivi) in Italian.
ITALIAN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES I
ENGLISH
my
your (of tu)
MASCULINE
SINGULAR
il mio
il tuo
FEMININE
SINGULAR
la mia
la tua
MASCULINE
PLURAL
i miei
i tuoi
FEMININE P
le mie
le tue
your (of Lei)
his, her, its
our
your (of voi)
your (of Loro)
their
il
il
il
il
il
il
Suo
suo
nostro
vostro
Loro
loro
la
la
la
la
la
la
Sua
sua
nostra
vostra
Loro
loro
i
i
i
i
i
i
Suoi
suoi
nostri
vostri
Loro
loro
As a rule, the Italian possessive adjectives are
preceded by definite articles:
la mia camicia (my shirt)
il nostro amico (our friend)
i vostro vicini (your neighbor)
i suoi libri (his/her books)
One exception is made for idiomatic phrases such as
these:
a casa mia (my house)
è colpa sua (it's his/her fault)
è merito tuo (it's your merit)
piacere mio (my pleasure)
le
le
le
le
le
le
Sue
sue
nostre
vostre
Loro
loro
possessive adjectives II
Use of Italian Definite Articles with Possessive
Adjectives
Mom and dad, your brothers and sisters, grandpa and your Aunt
Millie. They're all special people, and so there's a rule just for
them.
In the plural form, the Italian definite article will appear before
the Italian possessive adjective that refers to a family member or
relative. For example, instead of saying "my brothers," you are
literally saying "the my brothers."
The table below contains other examples:
USE OF ITALIAN DEFINITE ARTICLES WITH POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
Mio fratello è carino.
(My brother is cute.)
I miei fratelli sono carini.
(My brothers are cute)
Questo è tuo zio.
(This is your uncle)
Questi sono i tuoi zii.
(These are your uncles.)
Mia nonna è vecchia.
(My grandmother is old.)
Le mie nonne sono vecchie.
(My grandmothers are old.)
Mio cugino è straordinario.
(My cousin is exceptional.)
I miei cugini sono straordinari.
(My cousins are exceptional.)
Possessive adjectives are those that indicate possession or
ownership. They correspond to the English "my," "your," "his,"
"her," "its," "our," and "their." The Italian possessive adjectives
are also preceded by definite articles and agree in gender and
number with the noun possessed, not with the possessor. The
table below provides a chart of possessive adjectives (aggettivi
possessivi) in Italian.
As a rule, the Italian possessive adjectives are preceded by
definite articles:
la mia camicia (my shirt)
il nostro amico (our friend)
i vostro vicini (your neighbor)
i suoi libri (his/her books)
One exception is made for idiomatic phrases such as these:
a casa mia (my house)
ècolpa sua (it's his/her fault)
è merito tuo (it's your merit)
piacere mio (my pleasure)
Possessive adjectives and family
members continued….
Italian possessive adjectives are preceded by
articles. There are, however, some
exceptions to this rule with family
members in the singular form, for which
you don’t have to use the article. But
remember to put it before possessive
adjectives, when the family members are
plural or when the name is preceded by
another adjective or suffix that modify the
noun.
Some examples:
• Mio zio abita in un piccolo appartamento in
centro = My uncle lives in a small
apartment in the centre
• I miei zii vivono in una grande villa in
campagna = My uncles live in a large villa
in the countryside
• Mio cugino ha aperto un ristorante italiano a
Londra = My cousin opened an Italian
restaurant in London
• I miei cugini sono in vacanza negli Stati
Uniti = My cousins are on holiday in the
United States
• Il mio fratellino ha 6 anni = My little
brother is 6 years old
• Sono andata a Firenze a trovare la mia cara
nonna = I went to Florence to visit my
dear grandmother
Possessive adjective “loro” must always be
preceded by the article, even if the family
relative’s name is singular.
Giovanna e Fabio vengono alla festa di
compleanno con la loro figlia = Giovanna
and Fabio come to the birthday's party
with their daughter
___________________________________________
LAVORO di SENTIERI
1. Pagina 79 Pratica 1,2,3
2. Pagina 94 Use the vocabolario to
describe your friends and family, 10
sentences max. .
3. Pagina 95 Pratica 1, 2, 3
4. Pagina 96 Comunicazione 5, 6
5. Pagina 98 Read Una serata IN Casa
Complete the attivita’ on the bottom of
the page
Attivita’ Chi e’ ?”
6. Pagina 100 Read L’amicizia
Create vocabulary list in your
notebook from the reading
Extra help has always been available
CAPITOLO
3
Preposizioni Semplici
A Preposition is a word used before a noun or a pronoun to
express its relation to another word. Here are some simple (oneword) Italian prepositions, some of which you have already
learned.
Usi-di, a, in, da e per
1. The prepositions a, in and da are used
to indicate location or means of
transportation. Each is used as
follows:
The preposition a:
 Before the names of cities and
small islands
 Before nouns such as casa,
scuola, teatro, piedi (on foot),
letto, and tavola
Abitano a Venezia.
They live in Venice
Siamo andati a capri.
We went to capri.
Andiamo a capri
We are going to capri.
Viene a scuola oggi ?
Are you coming to school today?
Andiamo a casa a piedi?
Are we going home on foot?
Vado a letto.
I’m going to bed.
Abitano a capri.
They live in capri.
The preposition in:
 Before the names of continents,
countries, states, regions, and
large islands
 Before nouns as classe,
biblioteca, ufficio, chiesa, citta’,
montagna, campagna, viaggio,
crociera and vacanza;

Before nouns indicating means of
transportation, such as treno,
aereo, macchina, bicicletta,
autobus, tassi’, and Pullman (tour
bus) motorcoach
Siete stati in Europa?
Have you all been to Europe?
Vai in montagna?
Are you going to the mountains?
Vivono in citta’ o in
campagna?
Do they live in the city or in the
country?
Avete viaggiato in treno o in
aereo?
Did you travel by train or by
plane?
Andiamo in biblioteca.
We are going to the library.
Siamo venuti in macchina
We came by car.
Vanno in vacanza in Sicilia
They are going on vacation to
sicily.
The preposition Da:
 Before a persons name , title
or profession to refer to that
person’s home or workplace;
 Before a disjunctive pronoun
to represent a person’s
workplace or home.
Stasera andiamo da Pietro.
Tonight we are going to
Pietro’s
Vado dalla dottoressa Pini.
I’m going to Doctor Pini’s
office.
Mangiate da Maria
stasera?
Are you all eating at
Maria’s house tonight?
Venite da me domani?
Are you all coming to my
house tomorrow?
Per:
To indicate purpose, Italian
uses per + infinitive. This
construction corresponds
to the English (in order) to
+ infinitve.
Studio per imparare.
I study in order to learn.
Lavoro per vivere.
I work in order to live.
Preposizioni Articolate
di + i = dei
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon "di" when the noun
which follows is masculine plural and starts with a consonant.
Es: Nella maggior parte dei casi. / In most cases.
di + gli = degli
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon "di" when the noun
which follows is masculine plural and starts with a vowel.
Es: Il fiuto degli animali. / The scent of the animals.
di + le = delle
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon "di" when the noun
which follows is feminine plural and starts with a consonant.
Es: Il becco delle anatre, il palmo delle mani. / The beak of the ducks,
the palm of the hands.
dell'
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon "del" and "della" when
the noun which follows starts with a vowel (both masculine and
feminine).
Es: Il biglietto dell' autobus, gli abitanti dell' Africa. / The ticket for
the bus, the inhabitants of Africa.
a + il = al
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon " a" when the noun
which follows is masculine singular and starts with a consonant.
Es: Stasera vado al parco. / This evening I'm going to the park.
a + i = ai
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon " a" when the noun
which follows is masculine plural and starts with a consonant.
Es: Bisogna dirlo ai ragazzi. / It's necessary to tell the guys.
a + gli = agli
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon " a" when the noun
which follows is masculine plural and starts with a vowel.
Es: Bisogna dirlo agli operai. / It's necessary to tell the workers.
a + la = alla
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon " a" when the noun
which follows is feminine singular and starts with a consonant.
Es: Bisogna chiederlo alla maestra. / It's necessary to ask the teacher.
a + le = alle
We use this in the same cases as the prepositon " a" when the noun
which follows is feminine plural and starts with either a consonant or a
vowel.
Es: Bisogna dare da mangiare alle mucche e alle oche. / It's
necessary to feed the cows and the geese.
all'
We use this in the same cases as "alla" and "al" , when the noun which
follows starts with a vowel.
Es: Devi andare all' ospedale, è necessario chiedere all' infermiera. /
You have to go to the hospital, it's necessary to ask the nurse.
da + il = dal
We use this in the same cases as "da" when the noun which follows is
masculine singular and starts with a consonant.
Es: Il vento che arriva dal mare. / The wind which comes from the sea.
da + i = dai
We use this in the same cases as "dal" when the noun which follows is
masculine plural and starts with a consonant.
Es: Dai cani e dai gatti. / From dogs and from cats.
da + gli = dagli
We use this in the same cases as "dai" when the noun which follows is
masculine plural and starts with a vowel.
Es: Dagli animali e dagli uomini. / From animals and from men.
dall'
We use this in the same cases as "dal" and "dalla" when the noun
which follows starts with a vowel.
Eg: Dall' ansia, dall' odio. / From anxiety, from hatred.
in + il = nel
We use this in the same cases as "in" when the noun which follows is
masculine singular and starts with a consonant.
Eg: Nel mare. / In the sea.
in + la = nella
We use this in the same cases as "in" when the noun which follows is
feminine singular and starts with a consonant.
Eg: Nella casa. / In the house.
in + i = nei
We use this in the same cases as "in" when the noun which follows is
masculine plural and starts with a consonant.
Eg: Nei casi. / In the cases.
in + gli = negli
We use this in the same cases as "in" when the noun which follows is
masculine plural and starts with a vowel.
Eg: Negli occhi. / In the eyes.
in + le = nelle
We use this in the same cases as "in" when the noun which follows is
feminine plural and starts with a consonant.
Eg: Nelle case. / In the houses.
nell'
We use this in the same cases as "nel" and "nella" when the noun
which follows starts with a vowel.
Eg: Nell' andito, nell' aria. / In the passage, in the air.
su + il = sul
We use this in the same cases as "su" when the noun which follows is
masculine singular and starts with a consonant.
Eg: La gatta sul tetto che scotta. / The cat on the scalding roof.
su + i = sui
We use this in the same cases as "sul" when the noun which follows is
masculine plural and starts with a consonant.
Eg: La casa dava sui colli circostanti. / The house looked out on the
surrounding hills.
su + gli = sugli
We use this in the same cases as "sugli" when the noun which follows
is masculine plural and starts with a vowel.
Es: C'è una grande speculazione sugli affitti e sui terreni. / There is a
lot of speculation on the rent and land.
su + la = sulla
We use this in the same cases as "su" when the noun which follows is
feminine singular and starts with a consonant.
Eg: L'aquilone si posò sulla capanna. / The kite rested on the hut.
su + le = sulle
We use this in the same cases as "sulla" when the noun which follows is
feminine plural and starts with a consonant or with a vowel.
Es: Sulle case, sulle ali. / On the houses, on the wings.
sull'
We use this in the same cases as "sul" and "sulla" when the noun which
follows starts with a vowel.
Es: Sull' orlo, sull' aria. / On the edge, on the air.
Simple prepositions in the
Italian language
Let’s start with the most common uses of simple prepositions:
The preposition “di”
• Can indicate who is the owner of something
• Can express the material of which an object is made
• Can introduce the origin of someone or something (verb to
be + di)
• Can indicate the age of someone or something
• Is used when before an adjective there is an indefinite
pronoun
Examples:
The preposition “a”
• Is used with names of cities and small islands (or what the
Italians consider to be small islands!)
• Is used to introduce a time, a month, an age
Examples:
The preposition “da”
•
•
•
•
•
Can indicate an origin
Is used with verbs indicating where a movement has started
Can express who does something
Indicates the function of an object
Introduces a period of time begun in the past and not yet
concluded
• Indicates a particular moment in time, or a condition in the
past
• is used when, before an infinitive verb, there is an indefinite
pronoun
• Is often used together with the preposition A in the
expression “da…a…” to indicate a well-defined period of
time
Examples:
The preposition “in”:
Is used with the names of nations, continents, regions,
streets, and big islands
Is used with means of transport (however, we say “andare a
piedi”
Is used with names of places that end up in -ia
Examples:
The preposition “con”:
Can indicate company, participation, correspondence, and
is usually used with verbs that indicate relationships
between objects or people
Can introduce a way to do something or reach a certain
objective
Examples:
The preposition “su”:
Is used to introduce a topc
Can indicate the position of something which is higher, or
on top of something else
Examples:
Ad Injection:random LID-meta articolo
The preposition “per”:
• Is used to indicate a destination
• Is used to indicate going through something
• Is used to indicate the time by which something happens or
must be done
• Is used to indicate a precise period of time
• Can indicate the cause of something
• In the structure “per + infinitive”, it expresses the aim for
which something is done
• Indicates the receiver of a benefit
Examples:
The preposition “tra” o “fra”:
• Can be used to talk about a time or a place, and in
particular to indicate something which is clearly defined
between two points
• Is used to express a period in the future
Examples:
Articulated prepositions in the
Italian language
Sometimes prepositions are followed by a definite article. In
this case, the prepositions di, a, da, in, su join the article to
form a single word: an articulated preposition. Con, per, tra,
fra can also be followed by an article, but in this case the two
words remain separate. Look at these table to understand
how they are formed….it seems complicated but the method
is always the same.
Fun Reading!
ABBRUZZO ITALIA
LANCIANO
LANCIANO
1. Sentieri Student Activities Manual
Le pagine: 23 24
La liberazione d’Italia!
25 26
Bella Ciao
Bella ciao
Una mattina mi son svegliato
o bella ciao, bella ciao, bella ciao, ciao, ciao,
una mattina mi son svegliato
e ho trovato l'invasor.
O partigiano, portami via,
o bella ciao...
o partigiano, portami via
che mi sento di morir.
E se io muoio da partigiano
o bella ciao...
e se io muoio da partigiano
tu mi devi seppellir.
Mi seppellirai lassu in montagna,
o bella ciao...
mi seppellirai lassu in montagna
sotto l'ombra di un bel fior.
E la gente che passera,
o bella ciao...
e la gente che passera
dira "o che bel fior!"
You're missing some words, here there are:
E questo e il fiore del partigiano
o bella ciao...
morto per la liberta
e questo e il fiore del partigiano
morto per la liberta
Goodbye, my Beautiful-->my LOve
One morning I woke up
goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful,
goodbye
one morning I woke up
and I found the invader (that means the German troups).
Oh partisan (I guess it's a litterary translation: partigiano means
Italian fighter of the Resistenza) take me away
goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful,
goodbye
oh partisan take me away
that I'm feeling like dieing
And if I die as partisan
goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful,
goodbye
and if I die as partisan
you must bury me
You will bury me over there, on the mountain
goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful,
goodbye
you will bury me over there on the mountain
under the shadow of a wonderful flower
And all the people passing by
goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful,
goodbye
and all the people passing by
will say "what a wonderful flower!"
Ad this is the flower of the partisan
goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful, goodbye my Beautiful,
goodbye
dead for our freedom
and this is the flower of the partisan
dead for our freedom