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Biology: Reproduction Grade 9 Science Mutations: how they happen and their effects 305-05 Compare factors that may lead to changes in a cell’s genetic information: -Mutations caused by nature -Mutations caused by human Mutations are… Mutations are changes in DNA Usually made _________ They can be useful, harmful or have no effect _________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo Environmental causes Certain events can increase the probability of mutation Radiation: _________ Temperature extremes: _________ Chemical exposure: _________ Different Kinds of Mutations Mutations within the genes can happen in different ways Reversal: _________ Deletion: _________ Duplication: _________ Replacement: _________ Transgenics When we manipulate the genetics of an organism by inserting genes from another Animals can be used to create large complex proteins for human to use How it happens: _________ _________ _________ Frequently used: cows, sheep, goats and pigs To make: milk proteins, medicine, blood clotting factors https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=UqaSi1bYlp0 Practice Questions 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is a gene? What is a mutation? Why is it important? What can cause it happen? What are some examples of ways chromosomes mutate? Do some research, how can a transgenic organism be used? It is estimated that every human carries between 5 and 8 harmful genes. Why do you think that more people are not born with inherited diseases? Debate! The class will be divided into 2 groups The topic is “Genetically Modified Foods”: Yes or No? You will need to research what exactly is s Genetically Modifiied food, and find out if it is good or bad for us Also, find out what modified foods we eat hear in the UAE (feel free to bring in video aids) Practice Questions 2 1. 2. 3. 4. Research the Human Genome Project. What is it? What is it’s purpose? How can it help? Research transgenics: what are some human proteins that can be produced by bacteria? Research transgenics: what are some human proteins that can be produced by cows , sheep or pigs? Why do you think that bacteria is used for some but not for all proteins?