Download Biology Notes #9

Biology: Reproduction
Grade 9 Science
Mutations: how they happen
and their effects
305-05
Compare factors that may lead to changes in a cell’s genetic
information:
-Mutations caused by nature
-Mutations caused by human
Mutations are…
 Mutations are changes in
DNA
 Usually made _________
 They can be useful, harmful
or have no effect
 _________

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo
Environmental causes
 Certain events can increase
the probability of mutation
 Radiation: _________
 Temperature extremes:
_________
 Chemical exposure: _________
Different Kinds of Mutations
 Mutations within the genes can happen in
different ways




Reversal: _________
Deletion: _________
Duplication: _________
Replacement: _________
Transgenics
 When we manipulate the
genetics of an organism by
inserting genes from another
 Animals can be used to create
large complex proteins for
human to use
 How it happens:
 _________
 _________
 _________
 Frequently used: cows, sheep,
goats and pigs
 To make: milk proteins,
medicine, blood clotting factors
 https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=UqaSi1bYlp0
Practice Questions 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is a gene?
What is a mutation? Why is it important? What can cause it
happen?
What are some examples of ways chromosomes mutate?
Do some research, how can a transgenic organism be used?
It is estimated that every human carries between 5 and 8 harmful
genes. Why do you think that more people are not born with
inherited diseases?
Debate!
 The class will be divided into 2
groups
 The topic is “Genetically
Modified Foods”: Yes or No?
 You will need to research what
exactly is s Genetically Modifiied
food, and find out if it is good or
bad for us
 Also, find out what modified
foods we eat hear in the UAE
 (feel free to bring in video aids)
Practice Questions 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Research the Human Genome Project. What is it? What is it’s
purpose? How can it help?
Research transgenics: what are some human proteins that
can be produced by bacteria?
Research transgenics: what are some human proteins that
can be produced by cows , sheep or pigs?
Why do you think that bacteria is used for some but not for
all proteins?