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Transcript
Brackenfern Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Fern Family Key identifying traits Leaves (fronds) are leathery, deep green, triangular and reaching up to 6’ tall Brown spores are produced on the hairy undersides of each frond segment late in the growing season Rolled leaf margins protect the spores until ripe New fronds are rolled up appearing as fiddlenecks in the early spring Biology and ecology A perennial plant spreading by hairy, creeping woody rhizomes and the spores Plants die back to root crowns each fall It is toxic to most livestock and appears to be cumulative in horses and sheep taking some time for symptoms to appear after ingestion; remains toxic in hay This plant is a native species found throughout most of the U.S. & has a colorful history of a variety of uses from building materials to medicines Usually not considered aggressive but has been found to be invasive in fields and pastures as well as other areas where soil pH is neutral or acidic Control All photos © 2004, Ben Legler:, WTU Herbarium, U of Washington ”hairy” underside of frond w/brown spores Prevention – Learn to identify plants; start monitoring early in the season Biological – No known biological control in our area Cultural – Plant competitive grass or other cover crop Mechanical – The plant can survive burning and cutting because new fronds will arise from the deeply buried rhizomes but persistent mowing or tillage can eventually wear out the rhizomes Chemical – Brackenfern is resistant to many herbicides but dicamba or glyphosate are recommended for control: refer to the PNW Weed Management handbook for specific chemical recommendations Where found – Scattered areas throughout Stevens County and can be a problem in sandier soils especially where combined with sub-irrigation. Stevens County Noxious Weed Control Board, December 2006