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Fetal Pig Dissection Handbook Mrs. Connell Anatomy II H 1 Table of Contents Safety Procedures………………...………………………………..…….3 Preparing the Pig………………………...………………………….....…4 Opening Ventral Body Cavities…………………...………………...5 Jaw & Oral Cavity.……..…………………………………………..……...6 Endocrine & Lymphatic System……………………………………6 Respiratory System……………………………………………………..7 Digestive System…………………………………………………………8 Blood Vessels & Circulatory System……………………………..9-11 Urinary & Reproductive Systems…………………………………12 Male Reproductive System……………….……………….13 Female Reproductive System………………………….…13 2 Safety Procedures 1) Do not engage in horseplay! Common sense should rule here when working with sharp instruments. 2) Pin the specimen to be dissected securely in the dissecting pan or tray. Never dissect while holding the specimen in your hand(s). 3) Wear safety goggles and gloves at all times, even if you are not doing the dissecting. 4) You must wear closed toed shoes and pull long hair out of your face. 5) Point sharp objects or tools away from yourself and others. 6) Wash and return your dissection tools to their appropriate container. 7) Care for and dispose of your dissection in accordance with the directions given by your instructor. 8) Obviously one should not eat or drink in a laboratory where a dissection is occurring. 9) Wash your hands and dissection area after each dissection. 10) Minimize the number of pigs sacrificed for dissection. 3 Preparing the Pig 1. Remove pig from bag. 2. Lay pig on dissecting tray. 3. Keep liquid preservatives in the bag to keep pig moist for future use. 4. Place pig ventral surface up on dissecting tray. 5. Identify the gender of your pig. a. Males: urogenital opening (caudal to umbilical cord) b. Females: urogenital opening (anterior to anus) 6. Prepare a label for your pig bag. a. Name of group b. Name of pig Annie & Denise “Sloppy Joe” 4 Opening Ventral Body Cavities 1. Use scissors to longitudinally cut through abdominal muscles at the midline, anterior to the umbilical cord. 2. Cut laterally to the sternum, ending at lower lip. 3. Cut around each side of the umbilical cord, continuing to genital area. 4. Cut horizontally on each side of the diaphragm, leaving the diaphragm intact. 5. Pull open thoracic and abdominal cavities. 6. Dispose of fat as specified by instructor. 5 Jaw & Oral Cavity 1. Use a scalpel to cut the sides of the mouth so that the bottom jaw can be opened for easier viewing. 2. You will need to cut through the musculature and the joint that holds the lower jaw to the skull. Glottis Epiglottis Nasopharynx Hard palate Soft palate Pharynx Trachea Endocrine Organs & Lymphatic System 1. Place pig ventral side up Thoracic Cavity Thyroid gland Thymus Thoracic duct Lymph nodes Abdominal Cavity Pancreas Adrenal glands Gonads (ovaries or testes) Spleen Ovaries Testes 6 Respiratory System Major Organs Larynx Trachea Lungs Diaphragm Respiratory Structures External nares Nasal cavity Oral pharynx Larynx Thyroid cartilage C-shaped tracheal cartilages Trachealis muscle Right/Left Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Diaphragm 7 Digestive System Oral Cavity Hard palate Soft palate Papillae Esophagus & Abdominal Organs Laryngopharynx Esophagus Diaphragm Esophageal hiatus Parietal Peritoneum Visceral Peritoneum Liver Gallbladder Cystic duct Falciform ligament Stomach o Esophageal sphincter o Cardia o Fundus o Body o Pylorus Pancreas Common bile duct Common hepatic duct Small intestine o Duodenum o Jejunum o Ileum o Ileocecal junction/sphincter Mesentery Large intestine o Colon o Cecum o Rectum o Anus 8 Circulatory System & Blood Vessels The pigs are injected with dyes to identify the arteries and veins. Arteries are injected with red latex and veins with blue latex. 1. Place pig ventral side up. 2. Identify these major organs for relationship: Major Organs Heart Trachea Lungs Diaphragm Stomach Spleen Pancreas Liver Small intestine Large intestine 3. Use scissors to cut the pericardial sac surrounding the heart to expose the organ. Identify the following arteries: 9 Arteries (above the diaphragm) Pulmonary trunk Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Ascending aorta Aortic arch o Brachiocephalic artery Right subclavian artery Right common carotid Left common carotid o Left subclavian artery Vertebral artery Axillary artery Brachial artery Radial artery Ulnar artery Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta Arteries (below the diaphragm) Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric artery Renal arteries Testicular arteries (males) Ovarian arteries (females) Inferior mesenteric artery Right & Left external iliac arteries Right & Left umbilical arteries Internal iliac artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery 10 Veins (above the diaphragm) Radial vein Ulnar vein Brachial vein Axillary vein Subclavian vein Right/Left brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava External jugular vein Internal jugular vein Veins (below the diaphragm) Femoral vein External iliac vein Common iliac vein Inferior vena cava Renal veins Gonadal veins Hepatic portal vein (might not be blue, might be brown) Umbilical vein 11 Urinary System & Reproductive Systems 1. Pull back the abdominal viscera from the digestive system. Kidney Renal hilus Renal artery Renal vein Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra 12 Male Reproductive System Scrotum Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Spermatic cord Inguinal canal Urethra Prostate External urogenital orifice Penis Prepuce Female Reproductive System Body of uterus Uterine horns Ovaries Uterine tubes Fimbriae Urethra Vagina Urogenital orifice 13