Download Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010

3. Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
Nitrogen emission data, as well as the model results presented here have been approved
by the 36th Session of the Steering Body of EMEP in Geneva in September 2012. The
version rv4.0 of the EMEP/MSC-W Eulerian model has been used for all nitrogen
computations presented in this Chapter. Compared to the model version rv3.6, used in
2011 for computing 2009 deposition, many changes have been introduced into the
present model. The most important are: new vertical distribution of emissions, integration
of SOA model into the EMEP/MSC-W model system, explicit calculation of H+ and pH
in cloud water, change in mass median diameter for coarse nitrate and about 10 other
changes/improvements (EMEP Status Report 1/2012).
All 2010 deposition calculations were performed for the EMEP extended domain
introduced in 2007 which includes countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central
Asia. Meteorological input data necessary for 2010 EMEP model calculations were
provided by ECMWF Numerical Weather Prediction model (ECMWF-IFS). Most of
Europe experienced more precipitation in 2010 than in 2009. It was also true for the
Baltic Sea basin with much higher precipitation in 2010 than in 2009. The surface
temperature of the Baltic Sea basin was higher in 2009 than in 2010.
Emission input data for 2010 were prepared by the EMEP Centre on Emission
Inventories and Projections (CEIP). The EMEP Parties reported emission inventory data
using standard formats in accordance with the EMEP Reporting guidelines. For the
EMEP models, reported by Parties sectoral (NFR09) emissions were aggregated into 10
SNAP sectors. To fill in the missing gaps in sectoral emissions, CEIP applied different
methods including Expert estimates. For shipping emissions, the NOx, SOx and PM data
were computed by linear interpolation with recent calculations from IIASA for the years
2005 and 2010. Between 2010 and 2009, emissions of NOx and NH3 in the entire
extended EMEP area decreased by 6% and 0.8%, respectively. The sum of nitrogen
oxides emissions from all HELCOM contracting parties decreased 15% between 2009
and 2010, mainly because of the large (31%) reduction of NOx emissions in Russia.
Nitrogen oxides emissions from the international ship traffic on the Baltic Sea increased
1.8% between 2009 and 2010. The sum of ammonia emissions from all HELCOM
contracting parties increased 0.9% from 2009 to 2010.
Calculated annual deposition of total nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin in 2010 was
219 kt, approximately 12% higher than in 2009. Deposition of oxidized nitrogen was
20% higher and deposition of reduced nitrogen was 3% higher in 2010 compared to
2009. Deposition of oxidized nitrogen accounted for 57% of total nitrogen deposition in
2010.
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3.1 Nitrogen emissions
Table 3.1. Annual total 2010 emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia from the HELCOM
Contracting Parties and Baltic See ship traffic. Sum of HELCOM emissions is also included.
Units: kt N per year.
Pollutant
Emission source
NOx
NH3
Denmark
39
61
Estonia
11
8
Finland
51
31
403
451
Latvia
10
14
Lithuania
18
25
Poland
264
223
Russian Federation
996
975
49
43
HELCOM
1840
1832
Baltic Sea
101
Germany
Sweden
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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Figure 3.1. Percent of annual emissions of total (oxidized + reduced) nitrogen that is deposited
on the Baltic Sea basin in 2010, for HELCOM Parties and international ship traffic on the Baltic
Sea (BAS).
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EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
Figure 3.2. Map of annual emission of oxidized nitrogen (including emissions from the ship
traffic) in the Baltic Sea region in 2010. Units: Mg (tonnes) of NO2 per year and per 50×50 km
grid cell.
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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Figure 3.3. Map of annual emission of ammonia in the Baltic Sea region in 2010. Units: Mg of
NH3 per year and per 50×50 km grid cell.
EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
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Table 3.2. The list of 11 SNAP emission sectors as specified in the EMEP-CORINAIR Emission
Inventory Guidebook.
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
Sector 4
Sector 5
Sector 6
Sector 7
Sector 8
Sector 9
Sector 10
Sector 11
Combustion in energy and transformation industry
Non-industrial combustion plants
Combustion in manufacturing industry
Production processes
Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy
Solvent and other product use
Road transport
Other mobile sources and machinery (including ship traffic)
Waste treatment and disposal
Agriculture
Other sources and sinks
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
GERMANY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
POLAND
RUSSIA
SWEDEN
Figure 3.4. Annual 2010 nitrogen oxides emissions from the HELCOM Parties split into the
SNAP sectors.
EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
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DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
GERMANY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
POLAND
RUSSIA
SWEDEN
Figure 3.5. Annual 2010 ammonia emissions from the HELCOM Parties split into the SNAP
sectors.
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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Figure 3.7 Map of annual emissions of nitrogen oxides from the international ship traffic
on the Baltic Sea in 2010 used in the EMEP model calculations. Units: Mg of NO2 per
year and per 50×50 km grid cell. Emission input data for 2010 were prepared by the
CEIP. For shipping emissions, the NOx, SOx and PM data were computed by linear
interpolation with recent calculations from IIASA for the years 2005 and 2010.
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EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
3.2 Annual deposition of nitrogen
Figure 3.8. Map of annual deposition flux of oxidized nitrogen (dry + wet) in 2010. Units: mg
N m-2 yr-1.
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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Figure 3.9. Map of annual deposition flux of reduced nitrogen (dry + wet) in 2010. Units: mg N
m-2 yr-1.
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EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
Figure 3.10. Map of annual deposition flux of total (oxidized + reduced) nitrogen in 2010.
Units: mg N m-2 yr-1.
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
Figure 3.11. Map of annual precipitation in 2010. Units: mm yr-1.
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3.3 Monthly deposition of nitrogen
Figure 3.12. Monthly depositions of oxidized, reduced and total (oxidized +reduced) nitrogen to
the entire Baltic Sea basin in 2010. Units: ktonnes N month-1.
Table 3.3. Values of monthly depositions of oxidized, reduced and total (oxidized +reduced)
nitrogen to the entire Baltic Sea basin in 2010. Units: ktonnes N month-1.
Month
January
February
Oxidized Reduced
Total
10.1
6.7
16.8
12.5
9.8
22.3
9.6
8.0
10.1
8.2
19.7
16.2
May
June
9.4
5.7
15.1
7.8
4.7
12.5
July
12.0
13.8
8.3
9.0
20.3
22.8
September
October
10.9
7.8
18.7
9.0
9.3
18.3
November
8.9
6.9
15.8
December
12.1
8.0
20.1
March
April
August
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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3.4 Source allocation of nitrogen deposition
Figure 3.13. Top twenty countries with highest contributions of nitrogen emissions to annual
deposition of oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year 2010. Units: kt N year-1.
Contributions from HELCOM countries and Baltic Sea are marked with green.
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EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
Figure 3.14. Contributions of nitrogen emissions from the HELCOM Parties, ship traffic on the
Baltic Sea and remaining sources in the EMEP area to annual deposition of oxidized nitrogen
into the Baltic Sea basin in the year 2010. REST denotes emission sources in the EMEP domain
excluding HELCOM Parties and ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. Units: % of total deposition
of oxidized nitrogen.
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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Figure 3.15. Top twenty countries with highest contributions of nitrogen emissions to annual
deposition of reduced nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year 2010. Units: kt N year-1.
Contributions from HELCOM countries and Baltic Sea are marked with green color.
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EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
Figure 3.16. Contributions of nitrogen emissions from the HELCOM Parties, ship traffic on the
Baltic Sea and remaining sources in the EMEP area to annual deposition of reduced nitrogen into
the Baltic Sea basin in the year 2010. REST denotes emission sources in the EMEP domain
excluding HELCOM Parties and ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. Units: % of total deposition
of reduced nitrogen.
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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Figure 3.17. Top twenty countries with highest contributions of nitrogen emissions to annual
deposition of total nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year 2010. Units: kt N year-1.
Contributions from HELCOM countries and Baltic Sea are marked with green color.
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EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
Figure 3.18. Contributions of nitrogen emissions from the HELCOM Parties, ship traffic on the
Baltic Sea and remaining sources in the EMEP area to annual deposition of total nitrogen into the
Baltic Sea basin in the year 2010. REST denotes emission sources in the EMEP domain
excluding HELCOM Parties and ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. Units: % of total nitrogen
deposition.
Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2010
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3.5 Conclusions for Chapter 3
•
Calculated annual deposition of total nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin in 2010 was
219 kt, approximately 12% higher than in 2009. Deposition of oxidised nitrogen
accounted for 56% of total nitrogen deposition in 2010.
•
Compared to 2010 nitrogen oxides emissions are higher (0.2-18.9%) in seven out
of nine HELCOM Contracting Parties. Emission reductions took place in
Denmark (-2.3%) and a large one in Russian Federation (-30.8%). Ship emissions
from the Baltic Sea were 1.8% higher in 2010 than in 2009.
•
Annual 2010 ammonia emissions remain on the same level as 2009 ammonia
emissions in four out of nine HELCOM countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland and
Latvia. The 2010 emissions are higher than 209 emissions in three CPs: Lithuania,
(6.7%), Rusian Federeation (5.2%) and Sweden (3.8%). They are lower in
Germany (-5.1%) and Poland (-0.7 %).
•
Among the HELCOM Contracting Parties, the largest percent of 2010 nitrogen
emissions deposited to the Baltic Sea basin can be noticed for Denmark (14.9%)
and the lowest for Russia (0.7%).
•
Spatial distributions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia emissions in 2010 are very
similar to the distributions in 2009.
•
Spatial distributions of oxidized and reduced nitrogen deposition in 2010 are also
very similar to the distributions of nitrogen deposition in 2009.
•
No clear seasonal pattern can be found in monthly nitrogen depositions in 2010,
with maximum of the deposition in February and August.
•
Germany, Poland, ship traffic on the Baltic Sea and Russia are the main emission
sources contributing to oxidized nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin in
2010. There is not much difference compared to 2009 ranking.
•
As in 2008 and in 2009, Germany, Poland and Denmark are top three sources
contributing to reduced nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin in 2010.
•
The main sources contributing to total nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin
are: Germany, Poland, Denmark, Russian Federation and Sweden.
EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM
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•
As in previous years, also in 2010 some distant sources like United Kingdom,
France and ship traffic on the North Sea contribute significantly to nitrogen
deposition into the Baltic Sea basin. Contribution from boundary and initial
conditions (BIC) is slightly lower in 2010 than in 2009.