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Assessment schedule: Science 90953 Carbon Cycling in the Southern Ocean Judgements for Achievement The student demonstrates understanding of carbon cycling. The student: presents at least two complete examples that describe the addition, removal, and storage processes of the carbon cycle in the context of the southern ocean. This includes how long carbon remains in some stages of the cycle o dissolving in water o photosynthesis by phytoplankton o sedimentation of phytoplankton bodies o outgassing of CO2 from ocean o burning oil and gas identifies the links between the addition, removal, and storage of carbon arranges and connects these examples in valid ways to show carbon cycling shows the links between the different stages of carbon cycling describes how key stages of carbon cycling are linked, taking into consideration the addition, removal, and storage of carbon may support their report with data, information and/or visual images gathered from any experiments, field trips, or other activities, where relevant. Judgements for Achievement with Merit The student demonstrates in-depth understanding of carbon cycling. As for achieved plus the student: shows the links between the different stages of carbon cycling and the two different examples explains how key stages of carbon cycling are linked, taking into consideration the addition, removal, and storage of carbon Judgements for Achievement with Excellence The student demonstrates comprehensive understanding of carbon cycling. As for merit plus the student: shows and explains the multiple links between key stages of carbon cycling, and the multiple links between the two different examples explains the multiple links between key stages of carbon cycling, taking into consideration the addition, removal, and storage of carbon Final grades will be decided using professional judgement based on a holistic examination of the evidence provided against the criteria in the Achievement Standard. For Example: Evidence for Achievement Strong winds mix carbon dioxide into waters of the southern ocean, removing it from the atmosphere. Phytoplankton use carbon dioxide in the water when they carry out photosynthesis, turning it into sugars and other chemicals in their body. Phytoplankton also release carbon dioxide when they break down sugars during respiration. Phytoplankton usually only live for a few days so carbon is stored in their bodies short term. Carbon dioxide in the water can also be released back into the atmosphere from the southern ocean. Evidence for Achievement with Merit Evidence for Achievement with Excellence Strong winds mix carbon dioxide into the waters of the southern ocean where it is dissolved, removing it from the atmosphere. Strong winds mix carbon dioxide into the waters of the southern ocean where it is dissolved, removing it from the atmosphere. The cool waters of the southern ocean allow for a high concentration of carbon dioxide to remain dissolved in the water. Phytoplankton use carbon dioxide in the water when they carry out photosynthesis, turning it into sugars and other chemicals in their bodies. Phytoplankton also release carbon dioxide when they break down sugars during respiration to provide themselves with energy. Phytoplankton only live for a few days so carbon is stored in their bodies short term. When phytoplankton die they sink to the deep ocean and form part of the sediment. Decomposers can break down the carbon in the bodies of phytoplankton releasing it into the water. Carbon dioxide in the water can also be released back into the atmosphere from the southern ocean. If the phytoplankton are buried before decomposers break them down their bodies can be trapped in the sediment sometimes for millions of years. Over time the chemicals in their bodies are converted into oil and natural gas. Phytoplankton use carbon dioxide in the water when they carry out photosynthesis, turning it into sugars and other chemicals in their bodies. Phytoplankton also release carbon dioxide when they break down sugars during respiration to provide themselves with energy. Phytoplankton only live for a few days so carbon is stored in their bodies short term. When phytoplankton die they sink to the deep ocean and form part of the sediment. Decomposers can break down the carbon in the bodies of phytoplankton releasing it into the water. If the phytoplankton are buried before decomposers break them down their bodies can be trapped in the sediment sometimes for millions of years. Over time the chemicals in their bodies are compressed by sediments and are slowly converted into oil and natural gas. These chemicals are known as fossil fuels and humans burn them to produce energy. As they are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels is causing a sharp rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide. In some regions of the southern ocean water rich in carbon dioxide is rising from great depths up to the surface. The carbon dioxide is then released back into the atmosphere.