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HONORS LIVING ENVIRONMENT MS. ETRI TOPIC 23: ECOLOGY PART 4: ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION AND POPULATION GROWTH ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION: the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. Nothing remains the same and habitats are constantly changing. Due to the processes of living, growing and reproducing, organisms interact with and affect the environment within an area, gradually changing it. TWO TYPES OF SUCCESSION: 1. PRIMARY SUCCESSION o The series of community changes which occur on an entirely new habitat which has never been colonized before. o Occurs on newly exposed surfaces with no sign of life. o EXAMPLE: The initial development of plant or animal communities in an area where no soil initially exists (such as caused by a lava flow following volcanic eruption). o The primary succession is important in pioneering the area to create conditions favorable for the growth of other forms of plants and animals. o PIONEER SPECIES: the first organisms to populate a given location.3 HONORS LIVING ENVIRONMENT 2. SECONDARY SUCCESSION o MS. ETRI The series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat. o Occurs on preexisting soil after the primary succession has been disrupted or destroyed due to a disturbance that reduced the population of the initial inhabitants. o EXAMPLE: The development of new inhabitants to replace the previous community of plants and animals that has been disrupted or disturbed by an event (e.g. forest fire, flood, harvesting, epidemic disease, pest attack, etc.) o CLIMAX COMMUNITY: The permanent plant and animal species make up a stable or climax community in which the populations remain the same or constant—they are in balance with one another.