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Musical Instrument
In Rome the traditional instrument was
divided into 2 parts WIND and STRING
instruments.
Wind Instrument
• The roman tuba was long the roman tuba was about
1.3 meters long this instrument in military
was used for bugle calls The tuba is also
depicted in art such as mosaics accompanying
games (ludi) and spectacle events.
• The cornu (horn in Latin) was a long tubular
metal wind instrument that curved around the
musician's body, shaped rather like an
uppercase G. The cornu was used for military
signal and on parades.
• The tibia usually double, had two double-reed
(as in a modern oboe) pipes, not joined but
generally played with a mouth-band. To hold
both pipes steadily between the player's lips
Modern changes indicate that they produced a
low, clarinet-like sound. There is some
confusion about the exact nature of the
instrument; alternate descriptions indicate
each pipe having a single reed (like a modern
clarinet) instead of a double reed.
String Instrument
 The lyre it was borrowed from the Greeks was not
a harp, but instead had a sounding body of
wood or a tortoise shell covered with skin,
and arms of animal horn or wood, with strings
stretched from a cross bar to the sounding
body. The lyre was held or cradled in one arm
and hand and plucked with the other hand. The
Romans gradually abandoned this instrument in
favour of the more sophisticated cithara.
 The cithara was the premier musical instrument
of ancient Rome and was played both in popular
and elevated forms of music. Larger and heavier
than a lyre, the cithara was a loud, sweet and
piercing instrument with precision tuning
ability. It was said some players could make it
cry. From cithara comes the word guitar. Though
the guitar more directly evolved from the lute,
the same mystique surrounds the guitar idols of
today as it did for the virtuoso cithara
players, the citharista, and popular singers of
ancient Rome.
 The lute (pandura or monochord) was known by
several names among the Greeks and Romans. In
construction, the lute differs from the lyre in
having fewer strings stretched over a solid
neck or fret-board, on which the strings can be
stopped to produce graduated notes. Each lute
string is thereby capable of producing a
greater range of notes than a lyre string.[16]
Although long-necked lutes are depicted in art
from Mesopotamia as early as 2340–2198 BC.
Musical Instrument in Brazil
Atabaque
 Atabaque is a hand drum that came from afro
brazil. There are three types of Atabaque.
The tallest one is the Rum, which is the
tallest of the three and produces a low
sound. The medium high atabaque is called the
Rum-Pi and as you might expect, it produces a
medium percussion sound. The smallest
atabaque drum is called the Le, producing a
high percussion sound.
Alfaia
 The alfaia drum is used prominently in this
style of music as well as the mangue. This
drum originated in Pernambuco, Brazil. It
might remind you of the drum that been used
by the U.S military, as they are round and
squatty in stature.
Ganza
 The Ganza is a tubular shaped cylinder made
from metal, plastic, or basket materials
woven by hand. The Ganza was brought to
Brazil by African slaves years ago and now is
often played in samba music.
Cavaquinho
 The cavaquinho reminds many people of a small
guitar-style instrument called a ukulele. The
cavaquinho was brought to Brazil by the
Portuguese explorers. Cavaquinhos are made
from wood and outfitted with four wire
strings. This small guitar type instrument is
used ogten in Chorinho and Samba music.
Agogo
 The agogo was originally cast from wrought
iron and is the oldest known instrument used
to create Samba music. The modern day agogo
is manufactured from various types of metal
and consists of either a single bell or two
bells of different sizes.
Pandeiro
 A pandeiro resembles a tambourine and is
played much in the same manner by holding it
in one hand and striking it with the other
hand to make music. It's essentially a hand
drum. The head of a pandeiro can be adjusted
to create high or low pitches. The pandeiro
is surrounded with metal jingles that can be
shaken to produce sound. Brazilian music
styles in which a pandeiro is used: choro,
samba, capoeira, and coco.
Berimbau
 The berimbau, an African instrument, is best
known for its role in capoeira, a Brazilian
martial art form. It also resembles the
Indian instrument known as the malunga. The
berimbau is about 4-5 feet in length so that
the gourd can rest on the abdomen and the
hands are free to hold the wooden stick to
strike the steel string. The tones of the
berimbau vary from low, medium to high,
depending upon the quality of the gourds used
and the hardness and diameter of the wood.
Musical instrument in Italy
Zampogna
 Zampogna bagpipe, is typically heard only at
Christmas The double reeded version of the
Zampogna is generally played with the piffero
(called "biffera" in the Ciociaria, or
"ciaramella" or "pipita" in other regions]; a
shawm, or folk oboe), which plays the melody
and the zampogna provides chord changes,
"vamping" or rhythmic harmony figures or a
bass line and a soprano harmony as
accompaniment.
Organetto
 The medieval Organetto was a portable pipe
instrument, allied to the later classical
pipe organ, and pumped with the hand. It is
referenced in the Roman de la Rose: "There
are easily manageable organs which are
portable and are pumped and played by the
same person, who also sings either the
soprano or tenor part." It was among the most
popular instruments in Europe from the 13th
to the 16th century. The Organetto was
relatively lightweight and could be carried
with a sling to use in religious processions
or other occasions.
Musical instrument in Africa
Nyanga pan pipes

This set of 4 instruments, called Nyanga by
the Nyungwe people from the Tete district of
Mozambique, represent a basic starter set:
part of an ensemble that can include up to 30
instruments.
Xhosa Uhadi bows

A traditional instrument from our area, the
Uhadi requires a shift in western musical
perceptions. The scale is built up from the
harmonic series resulting from the overtones
of the two fundamental notes played on the
single string. These overtones are separated
and amplified by changing position of the
instrument, which tunes the resonating air
space between the gourd resonator and the
player's chest.
Kudu horns

This set of 6 horns represents a cross
pollination of musical traditions. Animal
horns are played all over Africa, and
ensembles of pentatonic instruments form the
basis of many musical traditions.
Akadinda
 This enormous instrument is played throughout
central Africa in many different traditions.
Possibly the best known, and certainly the
most extensively studied is the music from
the Baganda people of Uganda. Players sit on
opposite sides and play fast interlocking
patterns. Up to 6 players can be accommodated
on one instrument.
Musical instrument in Indonesia
Angklung
 The angklung is a musical instrument made of
two to three bamboo tubes attached to a
bamboo frame. The tubes are carved to have a
resonant pitch when struck and are tuned to
octaves. This can causes a repeating note to
sound. Each of three or more performers in an
angklung ensemble play just one note or more,
but altogether complete melodies are
produced. The angklung is popular throughout
Southeast Asia, but it originated/came from
in what is now Indonesia and has been played
by the Sundanese for many centuries.
Piano
 So most of the people in Indonesia play piano
more than other instrument. Piano can help
us/make us calmer. Piano is common for
Indonesian people. Now most of Indonesian
people are learning piano.
Bedug
 Drum is a traditional musical instrument that
has been used since thousands of years ago,
which has functioned as a means of
communication in ancient times, both in
religious rituals as well as communication
between people. This instrument mostly used
when idul fitri. This instrument mostly
related to religion culture.
Calung
 Mostly people say Calung is the same with
Angklung. But it is very different they both
make very different sound. And if Angklung we
need to shake it but if it is Calung we
should hit the poles.
Gamelan
 Some of the province is still wearing gamelan
custom events as East Java, Central Java and
in Bali. Gamelan is now also used for the
more well-known as a very popular comedy show
on television that is Opera Van Java (OVJ).
Kecapi
 Kacapi musical instruments are very popular
among the people of Sunda and used when
events related to culture.
Conclusions
 Most of the country divide/separate the
instruments into groups like WIND instrument,
STRING instrument and so on.
 Instruments are using our hands and our mouth
to make different sound for the instrument.
 Most of other country music instrument they
are big and long
Ways to respect differences
 We respect each other differences by
trying to learn about new instrument
from others.
 Help them to discover something new that
this instrument can do.
 Renew old instrument to modern one
 Discover more about this instrument