Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Notes KEY WORDS/ QUESTIONS Who: Where: NOTES Plants and animals Shannon uses the Figure on Pg. 125 as a great summary of the processes. There are four processes: 1st Step: Glycolysis in the cytoplasm. No oxygen. 2nd Step: Transition State in the Inner Membrane Space 2nd Step: Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid) in the Matrix 3rd Step: ETC (Electron Transport Chain) on the membranes of the cristae Why: Pretty straight forward. How: General Overview What to focus on: *Names (Glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA) *A LITTLE ATP made in the early processes. *NADH & FADH2: made in early steps to be used in the ETC to generate ATP *Highest yield of ATP comes at the Electron Transport Chain *Number of ATP molecules CELLULAR RESPIRATION Notes How: Part 1: __Glycolysis: Takes place in the cytoplasm because the molecule is too large to enter the mitochondria *A process to break down glucose so it fits through the CM of the mitochondria. *A 10 step process that initially uses ATP and then makes a little ATP. *Initial split produces PGAL(2 3-C molecules) which then is rearranged to form pyruvic acid How: Parts 2/3: Transition: in inner matrix space Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb’s Cycle: in the Matrix How: Part 4: Electron Transport Chain: on the membrane of the cristae 1. Pyruvate too large to pass inner membrane so it needs to be broken down again. *Rip off one of the carbons (that’s the source of the CO2 in the equation), now known as an acetyl group, and escorted into the matrix by CoA, hence acetyl CoA *Kreb’s Cycle: similar to the Calvin Cycle. Breaks off the remaining two carbons (as CO2), cycles like CC and makes some NADH and FADH2 *Acts just like the ETC in photosynthesis, except it is not triggered to work by light. *NADH drops off electrons and H’s at the first protein. Play hot potato with the electrons. *Oxygen is at the end of the chain “calling” for the electrons. *As each electron moves along the chain, the Hydrogens CELLULAR RESPIRATION Notes are pumped across the membrane. *At the end of the chain, the hydrogen’s want to come back in because of the concentration gradient, so they enter through a protein channel known as ATP Synthase. As they do this ATP can be made: 3 ATP’s/NADH and 1 ATP/FADH2 http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/biologicalsciences/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.html