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Vocabulary 3 Nine Weeks rd Part One HYDROLOGY 1. River basin The land area drained by a river and its tributaries. Like a bath tub 2. Watershed An area of land that drains to a common location. It can vary in size; they can represent from the area draining to a small stream, to the entire area draining to an ocean. 1 3. Eutrophication When there is an excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen. 4. Wetlands Land consisting of marshes, swamps or saturated land. 2 5. Water distribution on Earth (Where is the water located?) 6. Wave a disturbance on the surface of a liquid body, as the sea or lake, in the form of a moving ridge or swell . 7. Water Quality Refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water, a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose . 3 8. pH Used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14, where less than 7 represents acidity, 7 neutrality, and more than 7 alkalinity or base 9. Tides- The alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun. 4 10. Hydrosphere- All the waters on the earth. Water cycle 11. Surface water Water that collects on the surface of the ground. 12.Ground water- Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock. 5 13.Aquifer- A body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater. 14.Transpiration- evaporation of liquid water from plants and trees into the atmosphere. About 90% of all water that enters the roots transpires into the atmosphere . 6 15.Infiltration- the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil 16. Estuaries- are bodies of water and their surrounding coastal habitats typically found where rivers meet the sea. They harbor unique plant and animal communities because their waters are brackish—a mixture of fresh water draining from the land and salty seawater. They are some of the most productive ecosystems in the world. Many animal species rely on them for food and as places to nest and breed. Humans and communities also rely on them for food, recreation, and jobs . 17. Marine ecosystems- among the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include oceans, salt marsh and intertidal ecology, estuaries and lagoons, mangroves coral reefs, the deep sea, the sea floor and everything in them. . 7 18.Upwelling- Winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Water then rises up from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed away. Water that rises to the surface is typically colder and is rich in nutrients. These nutrients “fertilize” surface waters, meaning that these surface waters often have high biological productivity. Therefore, these areas are typically good fishing grounds. 19.Sonar- A system for the detection of objects under water and for measuring the water's depth by emitting sound pulses and detecting or measuring their return after being reflected . 20. Producers- Biotic factors (living things) that can make their own food. These organisms are green because of chlorophyll. 8 21.Consumers- An organism that gets its food from (eating) other living things, in order to have enough energy to survive or reproduce. 22.Decomposers- An organism, esp. a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes (breaks down) other living, non-living or dead things to obtain nutrients or energy 23.Photosynthesis-The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by product. 9 Press control and click to see movement 24. Chemosynthesis The synthesis or making of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight t Hydrothermal vent with Chemosynthesis 25.Hydrothermal vent- An opening in the sea floor out of which heated mineral-rich water flows 10 .26.Salinity a measure of the concentration of dissolved salts in water.. 27. Phosphates contain phosphorus, are plant nutrients that can also be a pollutant. They can get into the water and contribute to algal blooms in the way nitrates do. Sources include detergent, a byproduct of potato processing (for example, the potato peels that are produced when french fries are mass-produced), cattle feedlot runoff, soil erosion, human sewage, and excessive use of fertilizers for crops, lawns, and home gardens. 28. Nitrates contain nitrogen, are plant nutrients that can also be a pollutant. They can get into the water and contribute to algal blooms in the way phosphates do. Sources include fertilizers, septic systems, and manure storage or spreading operations. 29.Turbidity- Muddiness created by having foreign particles or stirring up sediment 11