Download Nine Weeks Part One HYDROLOGY

Vocabulary 3 Nine Weeks
rd
Part One
HYDROLOGY
1. River basin The land area drained by a river and its tributaries. Like a bath tub
2. Watershed An area of land that drains to a common location. It can vary
in size; they can represent from the area draining to a small stream, to the
entire area draining to an ocean.
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3. Eutrophication When there is an excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other
body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of
plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
4. Wetlands Land consisting of marshes, swamps or saturated land.
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5. Water distribution on Earth (Where is the water located?)
6. Wave a disturbance on the surface of a liquid body, as the sea or lake, in the form of
a moving ridge or swell
.
7. Water Quality Refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of
water, a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more
biotic species and or to any human need or purpose .
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8. pH
Used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14,
where less than 7 represents acidity, 7 neutrality, and more than 7 alkalinity
or base
9. Tides- The alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a
particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun.
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10. Hydrosphere- All the waters on the earth. Water cycle
11. Surface water Water that collects on the surface of the ground.
12.Ground water- Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.
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13.Aquifer- A body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.
14.Transpiration- evaporation of liquid water from plants and trees into the
atmosphere. About 90% of all water that enters the roots transpires into the
atmosphere
.
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15.Infiltration- the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
16. Estuaries- are bodies of water and their surrounding coastal habitats
typically found where rivers meet the sea. They harbor unique plant and
animal communities because their waters are brackish—a mixture of fresh
water draining from the land and salty seawater. They are some of the most
productive ecosystems in the world. Many animal species rely on them for
food and as places to nest and breed. Humans and communities also rely on
them for food, recreation, and jobs
.
17. Marine ecosystems- among the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They
include oceans, salt marsh and intertidal ecology, estuaries and lagoons, mangroves
coral reefs, the deep sea, the sea floor and everything in them.
.
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18.Upwelling- Winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Water
then rises up from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed
away. Water that rises to the surface is typically colder and is rich in nutrients.
These nutrients “fertilize” surface waters, meaning that these surface waters
often have high biological productivity. Therefore, these areas are typically
good fishing grounds.
19.Sonar- A system for the detection of objects under water and for measuring the
water's depth by emitting sound pulses and detecting or measuring their return after
being reflected
.
20. Producers- Biotic factors (living things) that can make their own food. These
organisms are green because of chlorophyll.
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21.Consumers- An organism that gets its food from (eating) other living things, in order
to have enough energy to survive or reproduce.
22.Decomposers- An organism, esp. a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate,
that decomposes (breaks down) other living, non-living or dead things to obtain
nutrients or energy
23.Photosynthesis-The process by which green plants and some other organisms use
sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants
generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by product.
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Press control and click to see movement
24. Chemosynthesis The synthesis or making of organic compounds by bacteria or
other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic
chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight
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Hydrothermal vent with Chemosynthesis
25.Hydrothermal vent- An opening in the sea floor out of which heated mineral-rich
water flows
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.26.Salinity a measure of the concentration of dissolved salts in water..
27. Phosphates contain phosphorus, are plant nutrients that can also be a pollutant. They can get
into the water and contribute to algal blooms in the way nitrates do. Sources include detergent, a byproduct of potato processing (for example, the potato peels that are produced when french fries are
mass-produced), cattle feedlot runoff, soil erosion, human sewage, and excessive use of fertilizers for
crops, lawns, and home gardens.
28. Nitrates contain nitrogen, are plant nutrients that can also be a pollutant. They can get into the
water and contribute to algal blooms in the way phosphates do. Sources include fertilizers, septic
systems, and manure storage or spreading operations.
29.Turbidity- Muddiness created by having foreign particles or stirring up sediment
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