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CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
OCTOBER15
ASSESSMENT_CODE BT9402_OCTOBER15
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72846
QUESTION_TEXT
Write any five Features of Expert System
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
(2*5=10 marks)
Goal driven reasoning or backward chaining–an inference technique which uses if
THEN rules to repetitively break a goal into smaller sub goals which are easier to
prove.
Coping with uncertainty: the ability of the system to reason with rules and data which
are not precisely known.
Data driven reasoning or forward chaining – an inference technique which uses IF
THEN rules to deduce a problem solution from initial data.
Data representation– the way in which the problem specific data in the system is
stored and accessed
User interface –that portion of the code which creates an easy to use system
Explanations –the ability of the system to explain the reasoning process that it used
to reach a recommendation.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72849
QUESTION_TEXT
What are the characteristics of ROBOT?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
(1.25*8=10 marks)
It is artificially created
It can sense environment, and manipulate or interact with things int it.
It has some ability to make choices based on the environment, often using
automatic control or a pre–programmed sequence.
It is programmable.
It moves with one or more axes of rotation or translation
It makes dexterous coordinated movements
It moves without direct human intervention
It appears to have intent or agency
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72850
QUESTION_TEXT
Write contemporary uses of ROBOTS related to second category that consists of dirty,
dangerous or dull or inaccessible tasks.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
(2.5*4= 10 marks )
1. Domestic robots: As prices all and robots become smarter and more autonomous
robots are increasingly being seen in the home where they are taking on simple but
unwanted jobs, such as floor cleaning and laws mowing.
2. Teletrobots : When a human cannot be present on site to perform a job because it
is dangerous, far away or inaccessible teleoperated robots, or telerobots are used.
Rather than following a predetermined sequence of movements, a telerobot is
controlled from a distance by a human operator.
3. Military robots: Teleoperated robot aircraft, like the Predator Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle are increasingly being used by the military.
4) Home automated for the elderly and disabled: The average age of the population is
increasing in many countries, especially in Japan, meaning that there are more elderly
people to care for and fewer people available to care for them.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
126150
QUESTION_TEXT
What is generate and test strategy? Write its algorithm,
implementation and properties.
The strategy is a simple algorithm that guarantees to find a solution if
done systematically and there exists a solution. (2 marks)
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Algorithm: (3 marks)
1.Generate a possible solution which can either be a point in the
problem space or a path from the initial state
2.Test to see if this possible solution is a real solution by comparing
the state reached with the set of goal states
3.If it’s a real solution, return else repeat from step 1
Implementation: (2 marks)
Through depth first search tree with backtracking.
Properties: (3 marks)
Completeness: eventually produce all possible solutions
Non redundant: never propose a solution more than once
Informed: use information to limit the possibilities and hence the
number of solutions proposed
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
126151
QUESTION_TEXT
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
What is hill climbing strategy? Discuss its drawbacks and solutions.
1.pick a random point in the search space
2.consider all the neighbors of the current state
3.choose the neighbor with the best quality and move to that state
4.repeat 2 through 4 until all the neighboring states are of lower quality
5.return the current state as the solution state
Drawbacks:
local maxima: a peak that is lower than the highest peak in the state
space. Once on a local maximum, hill climbing will halt, even
though there is a better solution
plateau: area of the state space where the evaluation function is nearly
fla. Hill climbing will do a random walk in such an area
ridges: a ridge can have steeply sloping sides, so that the search reaches
the top with ease, but on the top may slope gently toward a peak.
Unless there happens to be operators that move directly along the
top of the ridge the search may oscillate from side to side making
little or no progress.
Solutions:
backtracking
making big jumps
applying multiple rules before testing
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
126152
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain learning by taking advice.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
1.Automated advice taking
5 marks
The following steps summarize the method
Request: simple questions asking about general advice or more
complicated by identifying shortcomings in the knowledge base
and asking for a remedy.
Interpret: translate the advice into an internal representation
Operationalize: translated advice may still not be usable so this stage
seeks to provide a representation that can be used by the
performance element
Integrate: when knowledge is added to knowledge base care must be
taken so that bad side effects are avoided
Evaluate: system must assess the new knowledge for errors,
contradiction etc.
2.Knowledge base maintenance
5 marks
Instead of automating 5 steps above, researchers have instead
assembled tools that aid the development and maintenance of the
knowledge base.
Many have concentrated on:
Providing intelligent editors and flexible representation languages for
integrating new knowledge
Providing debugging tools for evaluating, finding contradictions and
redundancy in the existing knowledge base.