Download honors biology spring final exam review

Name ________________________________________________________ Due Date _____________Test Date______________
PRE-AP BIOLOGY HUMAN BODY TEST REVIEW – SPRING 2017
1. Fill in the chart below regarding the 4 tissue types in the human body.
Tissue Type
Function/Description
Location/Examples
Covering glands, lining the inside of blood
vessels, lining the digestive tract
Most abundant; contains a non-living matrix; used for
transport, support, connectors
Biceps, masseter, heart, digestive tract
(smooth, cardiac, skeletal)
Nerve
2. What part of the brain monitors homeostatic functions such as CO2, water, and blood pH? _______________________________
3. What area of the brain is associated with the unconscious, involuntary control of respiration & circulation? ___________________
4. What body system includes the skin, hair, and nails? __________________________. In addition to being a physical barrier and
protecting the body, what other function(s) does the skin have? _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which endocrine structure in the brain controls and directs the activity of all the glands in the body? _____________________
6. Which body system contains a network of vessels that collects fluid that has leaked out of the blood vessels & contains white
blood cells to fight infection? __________________________________________
7. Name the three types of muscle tissue. Where would each type be found? Which ones are voluntary? Involuntary?
- _____________________ - _________________________________________; _____________________________
-
_____________________ - _________________________________________; _____________________________
-
_____________________ - _________________________________________; _____________________________
8. What substance in the blood has the most influence over breathing rate? What part of the brain senses an increase in this
substance?
_______________________; ___________________________________________
9. List the pathway of blood through the heart, beginning with the vena cava. Highlight the structures that contain oxygen rich blood.
Superior/inferior vena cava 
10. Which type of circulation carries O2 poor blood from the right ventricle out the pulmonary artery to the lungs, and back to the heart
by pulmonary veins? _______________________________________
11. Which type of circulation carries O2 rich blood from the left ventricle out the ascending & descending aorta to the body and back to
the superior & inferior vena cava of the heart? __________________________________________________
12. Which type of circulation carries O2 rich blood from the aorta to the myocardium of the heart and then from the myocardium back to
the vena cava of the heart? ________________________________________________________
13. Which chambers of the heart are thicker, more muscular, and are considered pumping chambers? _______________________
14. Which chambers of the heart are thinner, less muscular, and are considered receiving chambers?________________________
15. What are the functions of the circulatory system?
16. The smallest, most numerous blood vessels that are responsible for the exchange of O2 and CO2 are known as?
_______________________________________
17. Blood vessels that are less elastic, contain valves, and carry blood to the heart are known as _____________________________.
18. Blood vessels that are more elastic and carry blood away from the heart are known as __________________________________.
19. List the structures that a molecule of CO2 would travel through beginning in a capillary bed in your toe & ending in the nasal
passages to be exhaled into the atmosphere.
Capillary bed in toe
20. The area in the heart composed of cardiac muscle tissue is known as the __________________________________
21. List the pathway of air into and out of the respiratory passages.
Nasal passages 
22. Where does most enzymatic hydrolysis (chemical digestion) take place? ____________________________________________
23. Where is pepsin found at work? What must be present in order for pepsin to become activated? _______________, ___________
24. What does pepsin specifically do? ____________________________________________________________________________
25. What is the function of bile? Where is it produced? Stored?
__________________________________________________________; ______________________; ______________________
26. What are the major functions of the liver?
27. What controls the release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum? What is the pH of the chyme as it enters here?
____________________________________________________; __pH = ________
28. What are the muscle contractions of the alimentary canal called? ________________________________________
29. What type of muscle participates in the action mentioned in #28? Is this action voluntary or involuntary?
_______________________________________; ________________________________________
30. What protects the stomach from its acidic contents? ____________________________________________________________
31. What is the functional unit of the kidney called? __________________________________________
32. What tubes lead from the kidney to the bladder? Which lead from the bladder to outside the body?
_______________________________________; _____________________________________________
33. What is urea and which biomolecule does it come from? _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________; _______________________________
34. What structure stores urine until it is ready to be expelled out of the body? _____________________________________
35. Which body systems play a role in excretion? _______________________, ________________________, __________________
36. List the pathway of blood from the heart to the kidney and back to the heart.
Descending aorta 
37. What gland is responsible for the dramatic effects felt during stress or fear? ___________________________________________
38. What is a lymph node? Lymph fluid?
Lymph node –
Lymph fluid 39. What is the function of the spleen? ___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
40. What kind of cells does the HIV virus attack? ___________________________________________________________________
41. What would swollen lymph nodes indicate? _____________________________________________________________________
42. What part of the brain directs the activity of the pituitary gland? ____________________________________________________
43. What bones protect the heart and lungs? ____________________________ & ______________________________
44. Which hormone, which is secreted by the thyroid gland, is responsible for increasing/maintaining proper metabolism?
____________________________________________
45. The pancreas has an endocrine function in addition to its function for digestion. What two hormones does the pancreas secrete
and what is the function of each hormone?
______________________________ ______________________________ 46. What is the name of the flap of connective tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during digestion?_______________
47. What structure(s) in the digestive system do NOT produce any digestive secretions? ____________________________________
48. During digestion, which biomolecule is hydrolyzed into monomers known as monosaccharides? ___________________________
49. Referring to question #48, where in the alimentary canal does this process begin? ______________________________
Where in the alimentary canal does this biomolecule complete its breakdown into monosaccharides? ______________________
What enzyme is secreted in both locations (by 2 different accessory structures) to complete the breakdown of this biomolecule into
monomer form? ________________________________
50. During digestion, which biomolecule is hydrolyzed into monomers known as amino acids? ________________________________
51. Referring to question #50, where in the alimentary canal does this process begin? _______________________. What enzyme
begins this process? __________________________. Where in the alimentary canal does this biomolecule complete its
breakdown into amino acids? _____________________________ What enzyme completes this process? __________________.
52. Monomers of biomolecules such as monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol, & fatty acids are absorbed into the capillaries of the
circulatory system in the ___________________________ of the small intestine. The finger-like projections in this part of the
small intestine that increase the surface area for maximum absorption are known as ______________________.
53. What is the name of the ring of smooth muscle at the end of the esophagus that controls the release of the bolus into the
stomach? _______________________________________________
54. The large sac where the small and large intestines meet is called the ___________________________________________
55. What enzyme chemically breaks down lipids? ______________________________. Which accessory organ produces this
enzyme? __________________________________. Where in the alimentary canal is this enzyme acting on the lipids and
chemically breaking them down into glycerol + fatty acids? ___________________________________________________
56. The large intestine consists of the caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and
anus. The primary function of the large intestine is to eliminate feces as well as absorb ______________________________.
57. For digestion, the pancreas produces 3 enzymes, known as _________________________, ________________________, and
_____________________________. Where in the alimentary canal are these enzymes secreted in order to carry out the
chemical breakdown of carbs, lipids, and proteins? ____________________________________________________________
58. What part of the alimentary canal is responsible for the absorption of vitamins and electrolytes? ___________________________
59. Carbohydrates can chemically be acted on without being emulsified. Which biomolecule must be emulsified before it can begin
chemical digestion? ________________________________ What secretion emulsifies this biomolecule? _________________.
Where does this secretion come from? ______________________________________
LABELING
Identify the following structures of the heart:
#18 ____________________________________________________
#17 ____________________________________________________
#14 ____________________________________________________
#2 _____________________________________________________
#1 _____________________________________________________
#3 _____________________________________________________
#4______________________________________________________
#7 _____________________________________________________
#11 ____________________________________________________
#13 ____________________________________________________
#12 ____________________________________________________
Labeling (continued): Use the word bank below to label the structures of the respiratory system.
L.
Capillary
G.
Label the structures of the urinary system:
C.
D.
A. _______________________________________
E.
B. _______________________________________
C. _______________________________________
D. _______________________________________
H.
E. _______________________________________
B.
F. _______________________________________
G. _______________________________________
H. _______________________________________
F.
A.
I.
_______________________________________
Labeling (continued): Label the diagram of the digestive system.
1.
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
2.
3.
3. ________________________________________
4. ________________________________________
4.
5. ________________________________________
6. ________________________________________
7. ________________________________________
8. ________________________________________
5.
9. ________________________________________
10. ________________________________________
13
11. ________________________________________
12. ________________________________________
13. ________________________________________
12
6.
14. ________________________________________
15. ________________________________________
7.
14
11
8.
10
15.
9.