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Hydrology Unit 4 Review 1. What process in the water cycle is MOST important? evaporation 2. Define evaporation. When liquid heats up and turns into a gas (water into water vapor) 3. What would MOST LIKELY occur if the rate of evaporation over the ocean were to decrease for an extended length of time? The amount of precipitation on land would DECREASE 4. What 2 physical changes are essential processes in the water cycle? Evaporation and condensation 5. Define condensation. When gas changes into a liquid (water vapor into precipitation) 6. Where does condensation primarily take place in the water cycle? In the atmosphere 7. What 2 conditions are necessary for frost to form? The air is saturated with water and the temperature is 0°C or less 8. If the relative humidity is 100% and the temp drops, but stays above freezing, what will form? dew 9. Define transpiration. Evaporation from plants 10. What is the relationship between the sun and evaporation? In the water cycle, the sun’s energy causes liquid to evaporate into a gas 11. Where does MOST of the water vapor in the atmosphere come from? The oceans because they are larger bodies of water 12. What is a watershed? When may small streams of water combine to form larger ones and eventually combine into a large body of water (due to gravity) 13. What is the relationship between a water table and the surface of a lake? A lake is formed where the water table is ABOVE the earth’s surface 14. Approximately what percent of the earth is only water? 71% 15. Approximately what percent of the earth is salt water? 97% 16. Approximately what percent of the fresh water is frozen? 76% 17. Does freshwater or saltwater have sodium chloride? Sodium chloride is salt 18. The salts in the sea come from? Weathering and erosion of rocks 19. In the ocean, what happens to the water directly under an iceberg/icesheet? It becomes more salty 20. The oceans have a high rate of evaporation due to their size, because of this they have a high rate of what? Salt concentration 21. Oceans contain many elements, what is the major source of these? Weathering and erosion of rocks 22. What is the relationship between how much groundwater can be stored underground and the porosity of a rock? the greater the porosity (measure of its ability to hold a fluid), the more groundwater can be stored 23. 24. Where is hot magma rising to form volcanic islands? B Where is a trench? C 25. Where are ridges, tectonic plate boundaries, and hydrothermal vents found MOST OFTEN? At the bottom of Earth’s oceans 26. Which ocean feature would the greatest amount of water pressure be exerted? Trench because it is the deepest in the ocean 27. What causes ocean trenches? Subduction of ocean plates 28. What technology is used to measure the depth of the ocean? Sonar 29. What is the cause of a tsunami? An undersea earthquake 30. What are seamounts? Mountains under the ocean 31. What BEST describes waves you see in the ocean? 32. What is a wave period? Wind blowing across the surface time between each wave, the lower the number the more waves per time period 33. Which beach would have the most erosion due to wave action A: wave period 8 seconds B: wave period 21 seconds 34. What is a major cause of salinity levels in different locations of the Atlantic Ocean? Deep ocean currents 35. What is an upwelling? When coastal winds blow the warm surface water offshore and the cooler deeper water moves inland 36. What causes a tide? When the moon’s gravity causes the water to rise and fall slowly along a coastline TWICE a day 37. Draw the water cycle, include these 8 terms in your diagram Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, surface runoff, infiltration, groundwater, aquifer