Download Chapter 7 - Bismarck Public Schools

Chapter 7
The U.S. and Canada
Shaped by History
Section 1
The 1st Americans and the Arrival
of the Europeans
Who were the first
Americans?
• Scientific View
 Land Bridge
• Between Asia and North America
• Sea level dropped because of ice age
• Hunters followed herd across into North America
• Native American Views
 Have always been here
• Indigenous
 Belonging to or native to a place
Spain and France
• Spain - Christopher Columbus
• Southern part of North America
 Gold
 Religion - Missionaries - people who want to
convert others to their religion
• France
 Furs
 Lived with the native people and learned their
ways
England
• 13 Colonies on the
•
Atlantic Coast
Reasons they came:
 Own land, free from
debt, religious freedom
 Indentured servant work for a period of
years to gain freedom
England - Britain
• 1607 - Jamestown
• 1620 - Pilgrims
 Massachusetts
• 1640 - Slaves being
brought over to work
on plantations in the
south
Wars
• French and Indian War - 1754
 Britain and France fighting over land
 Britain won with Colonist’s help
• Britain needed to have army in Colonies
 Paid for by taxes - colonist’s boycotted
• Revolutionary War - 1775
 Colonists rebel against Britain
 Treaty of Paris - 1781 - Made independence official
• 1788 - Constitution is approved
 Still the highest law of the United States
Section 2
Growth, Settlement, and Civil War
in the United States
Growing Nation

Lewis and Clark


1803 - explore the
land west of the
Mississippi River
Louisiana Purchase 1803

Paid France $15
million
Growing Nation

1830’s - Indian
Removal Act


Forced Natives from
their homes to Indain
Territory
Trail of Tears
More Room?

1836 - Mexican
Controlled Texas

Texans rebelled
against Mexican rule
 Went to war
 U.S. took over SW

Manifest Destiny

Americans thought it
was their destiny to
own all of the land from
the Atlantic to the
Pacific
Industrial Revolution

The change from
making goods by
hand to making them
by machine


Clothing, steam
engines, railroads
Immigrants

People who move
from one country to
another
Debate over Slavery
Civil War 1861-1865

North - Union


Had wealth, industry, soldiers, abolitionists
South - Confederacy

Experienced officers, cotton-help from other countries
Despite North’s advantages war dragged out for
4 years.
 Emancipation Proclamation - 1863 

Lincoln freed the slaves
After the war

Reconstruction

Rebuilding the nation

President Lincoln was
assassinated less
than a week after the
end of the war
 1877 southern states
voted to segregate

Separate blacks from
whites in all aspects of
life
Section 3
The United States Becomes a World
Power
U.S. 1865-1914


Industrial Revolution made life easier for the
upper and middle class, but not the Lower
class.
Homestead Act of 1862



Free Midwest land to people
Had to live on it for 5 years
Helped spark settlement and the expansion of
the population from Atlantic to Pacific
Beyond the shores



1867 - Bought Alaska from Russia
1898 - took over control of Hawaii
1898 - won Spanish-American War


1914 - World War I



Took over: Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
U.S. joined the Allies of Britain and France
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Turkey
Allies won in 1918
World Issues

The Great Depression 1929



Factories closed, people lost
jobs, lost all savings
Affected all of the world, not
just U.S.
Franklin D. Roosevelt New Deal


Helped people get back on
their feet
Jump started the economy
World Issues

World War II



Dec 7, 1941
Japan bombed Pearl
Harbor
Allies


Defeat Germany April
1945
U.S. drops two bombs on
Japan, ending WWII in
August 1945
Postwar Responsibilities

Soviet Union


Cold War




Communism
U.S. & Soviet Union
Tension
Arms race
Civil Rights Movement

1965 - Martin Luther
King Jr.
Section 4
Growth, Settlement, and
Independence in Canada
French and British
 Both countries were there for the fur trade
 Both wanted Ohio River Valley
 British - land for settlement
 French - Beavers
 Fought (7 years war)
 Known as French and Indian War in the U.S.
 British won - gave complete control of Canada to
them.
 War of 1812
 French and British united to fend off U.S. from
invading Canada
Self-Rule
 Louis Papineau - revolted in Lower
Canada against British
 William MacKenzie - revolted in Upper
Canada against British
 Dominion - a self governing area
 July 1, 1867-Britain accepted plan
 Still subject to Great Britain
 Rule itself under central government
Taking its place
 “Peaceful Revolution”
 Were able to govern
themselves.
 Saw years of
prosperity
 Took Part in WWI with
British
 Also involved with
WWII with Allies
Present Times
 Bilingual
 Canada has two
official languages
 French and English
 1982
 New constitution
 Canada became
completely
independent of Britain
Section 5
Partners and Friends
Environmental Issues

Lake trout



The Great Lakes
Water Quality
Air Quality

Most air pollution from our factories goes north


Burning fossil fuels - acid rain
Forests

Clear-cutting - cutting down all the trees in an area
allowing soil to wash away.
Economic Partners

St. Lawrence Seaway



Completed in 1959. Allows
ships to move throughout
the Great Lakes through a
series of canals, locks, and
dams.
Diagram on page 188
https://webcam.crrel.usac
e.army.mil/soo/
Trade



U.S. is Canada’s biggest trading partner
Canada is U.S.’s biggest trading partner
Before 1989


After 1989


Tariffs - cost to trade, raised the price of goods
Free trade - eliminated tariffs
NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement


1994 - Mexico, U.S., and Canada
Singed to allows free trade and promote economic
growth in all three countries