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social exchange theory - relationships are governed by perceptions of the rewards and costs exchanged. 1. Friendship: a close relationship characterized by enjoyment, acceptance, and trust, Gender differences in friendships Initial attraction: $ Proximity -- spatial closeness. $ Familiarity $ Physical attractiveness Relationship Progression: $ reciprocal liking $ desirable personality characteristics $ perceived similarity 2. Romantic Love Bpassion = intense feelings, physical and sexual attraction 3. Affectionate Love a deep, caring affection for that person. Sternberg: 3rd type of love: consummate love Bpassion Bintimacy Bcommitment Couples must share all three dimensions in order to experience consummate love. infatuation - high passion, little intimacy or commitment affectionate love- low passion, high intimacy and commitment Myths about Love: $ when you fall in love you=ll know it. $ True love last forever $ Love can conquer all problems $ Why do relationships fail a) premature commitment b) ineffective conflict management skills c) Availability of a more attractive relationship heterosexism-belief that all individuals and relationships are heterosexual. Romantic love as attachment a) Secure attachment b) Anxious-ambivalent attachment c) Avoidant attachment These infant attachment styles may also be found in adult relationships. $ Secure adults B (55%) $ Avoidant adults (25%) $ Anxious-ambivalent (20%) Bartholomew a) fearful avoidants Bnegative self-view --need others to validate them b) dismissing avoidants B positive self-viewCdon=t need other people to validate them Loneliness B occurs when a person has fewer interpersonal relationships than desired or when these relationships are not as satisfying as desired $ Chronic loneliness $ Transitional loneliness $ Transient loneliness