Mentalizing in the Treatment of Borderline Personality
... The gist of psychotherapy John Bowlby: the role of the psychotherapist is “to provide the patient with a secure base from which he can explore the various unhappy and painful aspects of his life, past and present, many of which he finds it difficult or perhaps impossible to think about and reconsid ...
... The gist of psychotherapy John Bowlby: the role of the psychotherapist is “to provide the patient with a secure base from which he can explore the various unhappy and painful aspects of his life, past and present, many of which he finds it difficult or perhaps impossible to think about and reconsid ...
complicated grief and the quest for meaning
... (Neimeyer, 2005b), a basic profile of complicated grief also can be compounded with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. But in both instances, central attention to the unique features of complicated grief is called for if therapy is to be helpful, insofar as treatments tangential to the core ...
... (Neimeyer, 2005b), a basic profile of complicated grief also can be compounded with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. But in both instances, central attention to the unique features of complicated grief is called for if therapy is to be helpful, insofar as treatments tangential to the core ...
to the PDF file. - CURVE
... Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Women with Binge Eating Disorder Freud first conceptualized defense mechanisms over a century ago(Vaillant, 1994). While the number and function of identified defences has changed, their impact on individualwell-being, on treatment, and on positive life outcomes remai ...
... Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Women with Binge Eating Disorder Freud first conceptualized defense mechanisms over a century ago(Vaillant, 1994). While the number and function of identified defences has changed, their impact on individualwell-being, on treatment, and on positive life outcomes remai ...
Herman - Shattered Shame 2011
... formulates the central conflict of this developmental stage as “Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.” Properly speaking no toddler is autonomous; rather, one might formulate the toddler’s developmental task as learning to regulate body, affect, desire, and will in attunement with others. Positive resolutio ...
... formulates the central conflict of this developmental stage as “Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.” Properly speaking no toddler is autonomous; rather, one might formulate the toddler’s developmental task as learning to regulate body, affect, desire, and will in attunement with others. Positive resolutio ...
1. Understanding Reactive Attachment Disorder
... with his or her parents or caregivers • Details about the baby's or child's pattern of behavior over time; examples of the baby's or child's behavior in a variety of situations • Information about how the baby or child interacts with parents or caregivers as well as others, including other family me ...
... with his or her parents or caregivers • Details about the baby's or child's pattern of behavior over time; examples of the baby's or child's behavior in a variety of situations • Information about how the baby or child interacts with parents or caregivers as well as others, including other family me ...
EMDR as a treatment for improving attachment status in adults and
... between mothers’ attachment status and the status of their children (van Ijzendoorn, 1992). Another attachment model, the dynamic maturational model of Crittendon (2008), emphasizes the role of attachment figures in protecting children and helping children learn to self-protect. The theory identifies ...
... between mothers’ attachment status and the status of their children (van Ijzendoorn, 1992). Another attachment model, the dynamic maturational model of Crittendon (2008), emphasizes the role of attachment figures in protecting children and helping children learn to self-protect. The theory identifies ...
Optimality in Sentence Processing
... actually generate more than a small set of these trees. The incremental nature of human parsing especially would be naturally modeled by algorithms which generate a small number of potentially-optimal candidates as they proceed leftto-right through the input string. But here we are not proposing a p ...
... actually generate more than a small set of these trees. The incremental nature of human parsing especially would be naturally modeled by algorithms which generate a small number of potentially-optimal candidates as they proceed leftto-right through the input string. But here we are not proposing a p ...
Contributions of attachment theory and research: A framework for
... Attachment theory has been generating creative and impactful research for almost half a century. In this article we focus on the documented antecedents and consequences of individual differences in infant attachment patterns, suggesting topics for further theoretical clarification, research, clinica ...
... Attachment theory has been generating creative and impactful research for almost half a century. In this article we focus on the documented antecedents and consequences of individual differences in infant attachment patterns, suggesting topics for further theoretical clarification, research, clinica ...
Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms, Romantic Relationships
... relationships) from the BPD symptom count. The other personality disorder (OthPD) symptom score was the summed score for all DSM Axis II disorders other than BPD. To determine interrater reliability, 20 cases were randomly selected and independently rated (blind to other information). The intraclass ...
... relationships) from the BPD symptom count. The other personality disorder (OthPD) symptom score was the summed score for all DSM Axis II disorders other than BPD. To determine interrater reliability, 20 cases were randomly selected and independently rated (blind to other information). The intraclass ...
Symposium 1A: Amae and Attachment Representations in Children
... the construction of Internal Working Models (IWMs) of attachment, which will late guide the individual’s expectations and behaviors in close relationships, all along his or her life. The qualitative, individual characteristics of these models reflect the specificity of the individual’s early experie ...
... the construction of Internal Working Models (IWMs) of attachment, which will late guide the individual’s expectations and behaviors in close relationships, all along his or her life. The qualitative, individual characteristics of these models reflect the specificity of the individual’s early experie ...
How Self-Evaluations Relate to Being Liked by
... Furthermore, self-evaluations and likability are not just arbitrary: They vary systematically between individuals. In particular, attachment theory posits that different individuals use different strategies to regulate interpersonal behavior and perceptions of relationships (Bowlby, 1969), which may ...
... Furthermore, self-evaluations and likability are not just arbitrary: They vary systematically between individuals. In particular, attachment theory posits that different individuals use different strategies to regulate interpersonal behavior and perceptions of relationships (Bowlby, 1969), which may ...
Attachment and personality disorders
... adults and disoriented/disorganized for infants (2). Adults showing this pattern are also classified within one of the three primary categories (5). During the Strange Situation, a securely attached infant readily explores his/her new surroundings in the primary caregiver’s presence, shows anxiety i ...
... adults and disoriented/disorganized for infants (2). Adults showing this pattern are also classified within one of the three primary categories (5). During the Strange Situation, a securely attached infant readily explores his/her new surroundings in the primary caregiver’s presence, shows anxiety i ...
Running head: How mental representations change as adult
... or CAPS network). These cognitions and affects, which are sometimes referred to as cognitiveaffective units or CAUs, are essentially another term for mental representations. Thus, for the purpose of this chapter, change in mental representations is synonymous with change in a person’s CAPs network, ...
... or CAPS network). These cognitions and affects, which are sometimes referred to as cognitiveaffective units or CAUs, are essentially another term for mental representations. Thus, for the purpose of this chapter, change in mental representations is synonymous with change in a person’s CAPs network, ...
The Psychodynamics of Social Judgment and Decision Making:
... can be viewed as the prototypical precursor of variations in social judgments. These differences should play a role in theoretical models designed to explain accuracies and inaccuracies in social judgments (e.g., Funder and Kruglanski, Erb, Chun, & Pierro, this volume). According to Bowlby (1973), a ...
... can be viewed as the prototypical precursor of variations in social judgments. These differences should play a role in theoretical models designed to explain accuracies and inaccuracies in social judgments (e.g., Funder and Kruglanski, Erb, Chun, & Pierro, this volume). According to Bowlby (1973), a ...
Clinical Guidelines Series, 2009: Reactive Attachment Disorder March 16, 2009
... children who have been severely neglected or have a documented history of physical or psychological maltreatment, or who have not had the opportunity to form selective attachments as a result of frequent caregiver changes or unavailability (i.e., institutionalization). The DC 0-3R indicates that chi ...
... children who have been severely neglected or have a documented history of physical or psychological maltreatment, or who have not had the opportunity to form selective attachments as a result of frequent caregiver changes or unavailability (i.e., institutionalization). The DC 0-3R indicates that chi ...
Reactive Attachment Disorder
... children who have been severely neglected or have a documented history of physical or psychological maltreatment, or who have not had the opportunity to form selective attachments as a result of frequent caregiver changes or unavailability (i.e., institutionalization). The DC 0-3R indicates that chi ...
... children who have been severely neglected or have a documented history of physical or psychological maltreatment, or who have not had the opportunity to form selective attachments as a result of frequent caregiver changes or unavailability (i.e., institutionalization). The DC 0-3R indicates that chi ...
Knowledge Check Answers
... Zimbardo and his colleagues (Haney et al. 1973) set up a mock prison in the basement of the psychology department at Stanford University. They recruited 24 ‘emotionally stable’ students determined by psychological testing – randomly assigned roles of guards or prisoners. Within two days, the priso ...
... Zimbardo and his colleagues (Haney et al. 1973) set up a mock prison in the basement of the psychology department at Stanford University. They recruited 24 ‘emotionally stable’ students determined by psychological testing – randomly assigned roles of guards or prisoners. Within two days, the priso ...
Comparative study of attachment relationships in young children
... aggression and violation of right of others [13]. Children with conduct disorder are inconsistent in school, and disobey authority figures, have many destructive behaviors, and are repeatedly opposed to patterns of power and authority at home, school and society and are impulsive. These children hav ...
... aggression and violation of right of others [13]. Children with conduct disorder are inconsistent in school, and disobey authority figures, have many destructive behaviors, and are repeatedly opposed to patterns of power and authority at home, school and society and are impulsive. These children hav ...
Attachment Style and Political Ideology: A Review of Contradictory
... Avoidant (dismissive) adult attachment is characterized by discomfort in being close to others, as well as difficulty trusting and depending on them. Such adults feel nervous when anyone gets too close—they feel that their romantic partner often wants to be more intimate with them than they would li ...
... Avoidant (dismissive) adult attachment is characterized by discomfort in being close to others, as well as difficulty trusting and depending on them. Such adults feel nervous when anyone gets too close—they feel that their romantic partner often wants to be more intimate with them than they would li ...
Clinical observations of the differences between children
... quickly, but that they had to work hard to develop and maintain more appropriate relationships. Therapists often reported emotional challenges to therapists and resistance to the relationship boundaries they were establishing and maintaining. The children generally arrived with some ability to make ...
... quickly, but that they had to work hard to develop and maintain more appropriate relationships. Therapists often reported emotional challenges to therapists and resistance to the relationship boundaries they were establishing and maintaining. The children generally arrived with some ability to make ...
Insecure Attachment Orientations and Posttraumatic Stress in a
... and avoidance were associated with increased PTSD levels, however, only attachment avoidance moderated this relationship. Extant literature exists on the association between attachment insecurity and PTSD in cross-sectional studies, however, there is a paucity of studies examining these associations ...
... and avoidance were associated with increased PTSD levels, however, only attachment avoidance moderated this relationship. Extant literature exists on the association between attachment insecurity and PTSD in cross-sectional studies, however, there is a paucity of studies examining these associations ...
A Proposal for Research - Adult Survivors CAN Sustain Recovery
... “disorder” some who suffer from the effects of disturbed attachment may be said to be suffering from “Complex PTSD” (not well); others revile the term “disorder” (not sick) and see the distress such people suffer from as a normal reaction to abnormal events in social relationships – in any event the ...
... “disorder” some who suffer from the effects of disturbed attachment may be said to be suffering from “Complex PTSD” (not well); others revile the term “disorder” (not sick) and see the distress such people suffer from as a normal reaction to abnormal events in social relationships – in any event the ...
Attachment Style, Spirituality, and Depressive Symptoms Among
... quality of the child–caregiver relationship is encoded into implicit memory that defines an internal working model of self (IWM). The IWM determines children’s expectations for acceptance/rejection in future relationships throughout the life span. Using Bowlby’s research on childhood attachment proc ...
... quality of the child–caregiver relationship is encoded into implicit memory that defines an internal working model of self (IWM). The IWM determines children’s expectations for acceptance/rejection in future relationships throughout the life span. Using Bowlby’s research on childhood attachment proc ...
Infant and Toddler Development Part I
... infant and the parent lead the infant to develop expectations about caregiving. Sense whether caregiver is predictable, responsive, and available to meet needs. Gradually organized into a “road map” of the relationship-an internal working model Internal working models are not immutable. Such fac ...
... infant and the parent lead the infant to develop expectations about caregiving. Sense whether caregiver is predictable, responsive, and available to meet needs. Gradually organized into a “road map” of the relationship-an internal working model Internal working models are not immutable. Such fac ...
Traumatology, Vol. 8, No. 3 (September 2002)
... interfere with the normative developmental tasks, such as emotional regulation in toddler years, controlling aggressive behavior in middle childhood or forming intimate bonds in adolescence. The impact of traumatic experiences on behavioral, cognitive and emotional development according to the devel ...
... interfere with the normative developmental tasks, such as emotional regulation in toddler years, controlling aggressive behavior in middle childhood or forming intimate bonds in adolescence. The impact of traumatic experiences on behavioral, cognitive and emotional development according to the devel ...
Attachment theory
Attachment theory is a psychological model that attempts to describe the dynamics of long-term interpersonal relationships between humans. However, ""attachment theory is not formulated as a general theory of relationships. It addresses only a specific facet"" (Waters et al. 2005: 81): how human beings respond within relationships when hurt, separated from loved ones, or perceiving a threat. Essentially, attachment depends on the person's ability to develop basic trust in their caregivers and self. In infants, attachment as a motivational and behavioral system directs the child to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they are alarmed, with the expectation that they will receive protection and emotional support. John Bowlby believed that the tendency for primate infants to develop attachments to familiar caregivers was the result of evolutionary pressures, since attachment behavior would facilitate the infant's survival in the face of dangers such as predation or exposure to the elements.The most important tenet of attachment theory is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for the child's successful social and emotional development, and in particular for learning how to effectively regulate their feelings. Fathers or any other individuals, are equally likely to become principal attachment figures if they provide most of the child care and related social interaction. In the presence of a sensitive and responsive caregiver, the infant will use the caregiver as a ""safe base"" from which to explore. It should be recognized that ""even sensitive caregivers get it right only about 50 percent of the time. Their communications are either out of synch, or mismatched. There are times when parents feel tired or distracted. The telephone rings or there is breakfast to prepare. In other words, attuned interactions rupture quite frequently. But the hallmark of a sensitive caregiver is that the ruptures are managed and repaired.""Attachments between infants and caregivers form even if this caregiver is not sensitive and responsive in social interactions with them. This has important implications. Infants cannot exit unpredictable or insensitive caregiving relationships. Instead they must manage themselves as best they can within such relationships. Research by developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth in the 1960s and 70s found that children will have different patterns of attachment depending primarily on how they experienced their early caregiving environment. Early patterns of attachment, in turn, shape — but do not determine — the individual's expectations in later relationships. Four different attachment classifications have been identified in children: secure attachment, anxious-ambivalent attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment, and disorganized attachment. Attachment theory has become the dominant theory used today in the study of infant and toddler behavior and in the fields of infant mental health, treatment of children, and related fields. Secure attachment is when children feel they can rely on their caregivers to attend to their needs of proximity, emotional support and protection. It is considered to be the best attachment style. Separation anxiety is what infants feel when they are separated from their caregivers. Anxious-ambivalent attachment is when the infant feels separation anxiety when separated from his caregiver and does not feel reassured when the caregiver returns to the infant. Anxious-avoidant attachment is when the infant avoids their parents. Disorganized attachment is when there is a lack of attachment behavior. In the 1980s, the theory was extended to attachment in adults. Attachment applies to adults when adults feel close attachment to their parents and their romantic partners.