Download Test #2

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Human Anatomy — Biology 255
Exam #2
Please place your name and I.D. number on the back of the last page of this exam. You
must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average,
between 2-5 questions on every 100-point exam are ambiguous enough to come out “aberrant” on
an item analysis, the total number of points possible on this exam is 106. However, grades will
be calculated out of a possible 100 points, assuming that 2—3 questions on this exam are
aberrant.
Section 1:
Questions dealing with the spinal cord and spinal nerves. Answer the following questions by
placing the most correct letter in the space provided. (2 points each)
_____
1. If you were to cut the dorsal root of the 4th lumbar spinal nerve you would damage
a. somatic motor output
b. parasympathetic motor output
c. sympathetic motor output
d. somatic sensory input
e. a and d
f. a and b
g. a and c
h. a, b and c
k. a, b and d
l. a, c and d
m. a,b,c and d
_____
2. If you were to cut spinal nerve C7 proximal to the gray communicating ramus you would damage
a. somatic motor output
b. parasympathetic motor output
c. sympathetic motor output
d. somatic sensory input
e. a and d
f. a and b
g. a and c
h. a, b and c
k. a, b and d
l. a, c and d
m. a,b,c and d
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3. If you were to cut the ventral ramus of the 7th thoracic spinal nerve you would damage
a. somatic motor output
b. parasympathetic motor output
c. sympathetic motor output
d. somatic sensory input
e. a and d
f. a and b
g. a and c
h. a, b and c
k. a, b and d
l. a, c and d
m. a,b,c and d
_____
4. If you were to cut the ventral ramus of S3 you would damage
a. somatic motor output
b. parasympathetic motor output
c. sympathetic motor output
d. somatic sensory input
e. a and d
f. a and b
g. a and c
h. a, b and c
k. a, b and d
l. a, c and d
m. a,b,c and d
_____
5. If you wanted to cut the dorsal ramus of the 3rd cervical spinal nerve you would
a. cut the nerve inferior to C3 which would result in damage to motor output to structures of
the posterior body wall
b. cut the nerve superior to C3 which would result in damage to motor output to structures of
the posterior body wall
c. cut the nerve inferior to C3 which would result in damage to sensory input from structures
of the posterior body wall
d. cut the nerve superior to C3 which would result in damage to sensory input from structures
of the posterior body wall
e. cut the nerve inferior to C3 which would result in damage to motor output to structures of
the ventral body wall
f. cut the nerve superior to C3 which would result in damage to motor output to structures of
the ventral body wall
g. cut the nerve inferior to C3 which would result in damage to sensory input from structures
of the ventral body wall
h. cut the nerve superior to C3 which would result in damage to sensory input from structures
of the ventral body wall
i. none of the above, as none of the above statements are totally correct
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Section 2: “Think Section” Carefully read the scenario below. Within it are several anatomical statements. In
the space below you are to (a) one-by-one list the anatomical statements, (b) state whether or not the statements
are true or false, and (c) if any of the statements are false state why they are false. (20 points)
6. You are sitting on the sofa with your significant other watching NCIS. In the current scene “Ducky” the
medical examiner is talking to Special Agent Jethro Gibbs about how the individual on the autopsy table
died.
Ducky: “This is a strange one Jethro. No definitive wounds that would have killed our Marine here, but lots
of interesting wounds and pathologies.
Gibbs: “Such as?”
Ducky: Well, the knife wound on his back was caused by a serrated knife. It cut through the serratus
posterior, which would have made it difficult for the Marine to inhale, and it cut through the entire group of
true back muscles in the lower lumbar region of the vertebral column, which would have made it difficult
for him to extend his vertebral column or rotate to either direction. In addition, he has severe blockage in
two of the branches of his coronary arteries: the right marginal branch and the right posterior
interventricular branch. Because of these blockages his left atrium, right and left ventricles would have been
starved of oxygen.
Gibbs: “And?”
Ducky: “In addition Jethro he had some neurological damage. ne of the roots of the brachial plexus — the
one coming off of the 5th cervical spinal nerve — was damaged, which would have made usage of all of the
musculature in his arm, forearm and hand useless.”
a. Serratus posterior statement
b. Statement about cutting the entire group of true back muscles
c. Statement about the right marginal branch of the RCA
d. Statement about the right posterior interventricular branch of the RCA
e. Statement about brachial plexus
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Section 3:
Multiple uglies dealing with the Autonomic Nervous System, Somatic Nervous System,
Brachial Plexus and Lumbosacral plexus. Circle the letter in front of each and every correct
statement. (1 point each)
7.
The parasympathetic nervous system (6 points)
a. exits from the CNS by cranial nerves III, V, VII, IX and X
b. exits from the spinal cord from spinal nerves S1 to S4
c. has long pre-ganglionic neurons and short post-ganglionic neurons
d. is not involved in the “fight or flight” reaction
e. is involved in the preparation for sexual activity
f. is involved in allowing you to relax in preparation for sleep
8.
The sympathetic nervous system (5 points)
a. exits from the CNS by spinal nerves T1 to L3
b. has long pre-ganglionic neurons and short post-ganglionic neurons
c. is not involved in the “fight or flight” reaction
d. is involved in the preparation for sexual activity
e. is involved in allowing you to relax in preparation for sleep
9.
The brachial plexus (8 points)
a. The roots are formed from the dorsal rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1
b. All four trunks of the brachial plexus will divide into anterior and posterior divisions.
c. The lateral cord is formed from the anterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks
d. The medial cord is formed from the anterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks.
e. The posterior cord is formed by the union of all four of the posterior divisions.
f. The posterior cord gives rise to the axillary and radial nerves. The radial nerve innervates all of
the extensor muscles of the arm and forearm, while the axillary nerve innervates the deltoid and
teres major muscles.
g. The lateral cord gives rise to the median nerve and part of the musculocutaneous nerve. The
musculocutaneous nerve innervates the flexors of the arm, while the median nerve innervates
most of the flexors of the anterior surface of the forearm and some of the muscles of the hand.
h. The median cord gives rise to the ulnar nerve and part of the musculocutaneous nerve. The
musculocutaneous nerve innervates the flexors of the arm, while the ulnar nerve innervates most
of the flexors of the anterior surface of the forearm and some of the muscles of the hand.
10.
In the lumbosacral plexus (3 points)
a. The sciatic nerve is formed from spinal nerves L3 to S2
b. The obturator nerve is formed from the anterior fibers from spinal nerves L1 to L4 – with a small
contribution from L5
c. The femoral nerve is formed from the posterior fibers from spinal nerves L1 to L4 – with a small
contribution from L5
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Section 4:
Figure interpretation. Below is a cross section of thorax at the level of T3.
11. True or False: The diagram, as printed below, is anatomically correct in every aspect?
(2 points)
12. If your answer to number 11 above is “True” write your name below for 5 points. However, if your
answer to number 11 above is “False” give a detailed explanation, in the space provided, explaining
your answer to number 11 above. (5 points)
Section 4:
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Questions dealing with the musculature of the thoracic cavity, the thoracic cavity and
anatomical structures contained within it.
If the following statements are true place a (+) in the space provided; if the statements are false
place a (O) in the space provided. (2 points each)
_____
13. The parietal pleural membrane covers the organs of the thoracic cavity.
_____
14. The external intercostal muscles have their origin on the rib above and their insertion on either
the rib immediately below or on the rib two ribs below. As the external internal intercostals pass
from origin to insertion they pass inferiorly and posteriorly.
_____
15. The levator costarum muscles are secondary muscles of respiration, and are utilized during
forcible inhalation. They originate from the 7th cervical vertebra to the 11th thoracic vertebra, and
insert onto the costal cartilages and ribs.
_____
16. The serratus posterior and internal intercostals are secondary muscles of respiration, and are used
during forcible inhalation.
_____
17. The right lung has three lobes. The oblique fissure separates the inferior and middle lobes, while
the horizontal fissure separates the superior and middle lobes. The left lung, in contrast, has only
two lobes. The upper and lower lobes are separated by the horizontal fissure.
_____
18. All of the following structures would be found only within the superior mediastinum of the
thoracic cavity: brachiocephalic trunk; left common carotid artery; left subclavian artery;
superior vena cava; aortic arch; junction of the azygos vein with the superior vena cava.
_____
19. All of the following structures would be found only within the inferior mediastinum of the
thoracic cavity: left ventricle; left atrium; inferior vena cava; right and left primary bronchi;
descending (thoracic) aorta.
_____
20. The pericardial sac is subdivided into two parts: the visceral pericardium (which is also termed
the epicardium), which lies closest to the heart, and the parietal pericardium.
_____
21. The smooth portion of the walls of the right ventricle is termed the conus arteriosus, and is found
where the aorta exits the right ventricle of the heart.
_____
22. Relax – collect two free points by drawing the best possible picture of your professor in the
space provided.
_____
23. The right coronary artery is typically the larger of the two coronary arteries.
_____
24. The left posterior interventricular branch (LPD) of the left coronary artery supplies only the right
and left ventricles with blood.
_____
25. The left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery supplies only the right ventricle,
left ventricle and the interatrial septum with blood.
_____
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26. The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery supplies (assuming that the LPD is present)
supplies only the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum with blood.
_____
27. The hemiazygos vein drains the inferior left half of the thoracic cavity.
_____
28. For two more free points sign your initials in the space provided.
Section 5:
Spinal cord and spinal nerves. In the space provided below draw and label a cross section of
the spinal cord at the level of C1 and the formation of the spinal nerve up to and including the
division into dorsal and ventral rami. (15 points)