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ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
INTEGRATION AND OPERATION OF A SINGLE-PHASE
BIDIRECTIONAL INVERTER WITH TWO BUCK/BOOST
MPPTS FOR DC-DISTRIBUTION APPLICATIONS
ABSTRACT:
Many types of renewable energy, such as photovoltaic (PV), wind, tidal, and
geothermal energy, have attracted a lot of attention over the past decade. Among
these natural resources, the PV energy is a main and appropriate renewable energy
for low-voltage dc-distribution systems, owing to the merits of clean, quiet,
pollution free, and abundant. In the dc-distribution applications, a power system,
including renewable distributed generators (DGS), dc loads (lighting, air
conditioner, and electric vehicle), and a bidirectional inverter, is shown in fig. 1, in
which two PV arrays with two maximum power point trackers (MPPTS) are
implemented. However, the I–V characteristics of the PV arrays are nonlinear, and
they require MPPTS to draw the maximum power from each PV array. Moreover,
the bidirectional inverter has to fulfill grid connection (sell power) and rectification
(buy power)with power-factor correction (PFC) to control the power flow between
dc bus and ac grid, and to regulate the dc bus to a certain range of voltages, such as
380 ± 10 v.
Nowadays, a conventional two-stage configuration is usually adopted in the
PV inverter systems. Each MPPT is realized with a boost converter to step up the
PV-array voltage close to the specified dc-link voltage. The boost converter is
operated in by-pass mode when the PV-array voltage is higher than the dc-link
voltage, and the inverter will function as an MPPT.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) 1 senses the change in the sun’s
position and gives signal to the control circuit in order to tackle the change in the
position of the solar panel. The control circuit gives signal to run the motor in
forward direction. LDR 2 detects the sun set and gives signal to the control circuit
to run the motor in reverse direction until the proxy switch gets activated. The
position of the panel will be displayed in LCD at which LDR is absorbing the
energy from the sun. the output from the panel we boost using the DC-DC booster
and store in the battery through the super capacitor for the function of uniform
storage purpose.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
In the past years numerous MPPT algorithms have been published. They
differ in many aspects such as complexity, cost or efficiency. To date, a number of
MPPT algorithms have been proposed in the literature, including perturb-andobserve method (2004), open- and short-circuit method (2002), incremental
conductance algorithm (1998),fussy logic (2006) and artificial neural network
(1998).
However, it is pointless to use a more expensive or more complicated
method if with a simpler and less expensive one similar results can be obtained.
This is the reason why some of the proposed techniques are not used. The main
technical requirements in developing a practical PV system include which an
optimal control that can extract the maximum output power from the PV arrays
under all operating and weather conditions.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
DISADVANTAGES:
 Complexity algorithms
 difficult and unsatisfactory
 It’s not trusted one.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
This paper presents the hardware design and implementation of a system that
ensures a perpendicular profile of the solar panel with the sun in order to extract
maximum energy falling on it. Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as
an energy resource as fossil fuel prices Fluctuate. The unique feature of the
proposed system is that instead of taking the earth as its reference, it takes the sun
as a guiding source. Its active sensors constantly monitor the sunlight and rotate
the panel towards the direction where the intensity of sunlight is maximum.
ADVANTAGES:
 Maximum tracking.
 Maximum power output compares other technique.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
LCD
LDR 1
TRACKING
MECHANISIM
ADC
AT89C51
LDR 2
DC TO DC
BOOSTER
LDR 3
SUPER
CAPACITOR
A.C LOAD
RELAY
INVETER
BATTERY
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 MICROCONTROLLER
 SOLAR PANEL
 LCD
 ADC
 LDR
 DC-DC BOOSTER
 SUPER CAPACITOR
 BATTERY
 INVERTER
 RELAY
 TRACKING MECHANISUM
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Keil cross compiler
 Proteus software