Download 5. Design of a solar tracking system for renewable energy

ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
DESIGN OF A SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM FOR
RENEWABLE ENERGY
ABSTRACT
MPPT algorithms are necessary because PV arrays have a non linear
voltage-current characteristic with a unique point where the power produced is
maximum. This point depends on the temperature of the panels and on the
irradiance conditions. Both conditions change during the day and are also different
depending on the season of the year. Furthermore, irradiation can change rapidly
due to changing atmospheric conditions such as clouds. It is very important to
track the MPP accurately under all possible conditions so that the maximum
available power is always obtained.
The well-known perturb and observe (P&O) method for photovoltaic (PV)
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been extensively used in practical
application because of simple in idea and implementation. However, as reported by
Wasynezuk, the P&O method is not able to track peak it cannot quickly follow the
change of PV characteristic and the change of disturbed PV voltage (ΔVpv). An
incremental conductance (INC) MPPT method that is implemented by detecting
the harmonic components of the PV module voltage and current was first proposed
to track accurately the peak power of PV systems that are subjected to random
variations in isolation.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) 1 senses the change in the sun’s
position and gives signal to the control circuit in order to tackle the change in the
position of the solar panel.
The control circuit gives signal to run the motor in forward direction. LDR 2
detects the sun set and gives signal to the control circuit to run the motor in reverse
direction until the proxy switch gets activated. The position of the panel will be
displayed in LCD at which LDR is absorbing the energy from the sun.
EXISTING SYSTEM
In the past years numerous MPPT algorithms have been published. They
differ in many aspects such as complexity, cost or efficiency. To date, a number of
MPPT algorithms have been proposed in the literature, including perturb-andobserve method (2004), open- and short-circuit method (2002), incremental
conductance algorithm (1998),fussy logic (2006) and artificial neural network
(1998).
However, it is pointless to use a more expensive or more complicated
method if with a simpler and less expensive one similar results can be obtained.
This is the reason why some of the proposed techniques are not used. The main
technical requirements in developing a practical PV system include which an
optimal control that can extract the maximum output power from the PV arrays
under all operating and weather conditions.
DISADVANTAGES
 Complexity algorithms
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
 difficult and unsatisfactory
 It’s not trusted one.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
This paper presents the hardware design and implementation of a system that
ensures a perpendicular profile of the solar panel with the sun in order to extract
maximum energy falling on it. Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as
an energy resource as fossil fuel prices Fluctuate. The unique feature of the
proposed system is that instead of taking the earth as its reference, it takes the sun
as a guiding source. Its active sensors constantly monitor the sunlight and rotate
the panel towards the direction where the intensity of sunlight is maximum.
ADVANTAGES
 Automatic Maximum tracking
 Maximum power output compare other technique
 Efficient tracking System.
 Accuracy.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRACKING
MECHANISUM
LDR1
(LEFT)
LDR2
(CENTER)
ADC
UNIT
ATMEL
LCD
LDR 3
(RIGHT)
TEMP
SENSOR
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Microcontroller
ENERGY MANAGEMENT based on Embedded System
 Solar Panel
 LCD
 LDR
 Temperature Sensor
 Tracking Mechanism
 ADC
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 KEIL CROSS COMPILER
 PROTEUS SOFTWARE