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Week 22 CONTINENTAL DRIFT AND PLATE TECTONICS Bell Ringer 21 - Monday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pgs. 127-130 to your Table of Contents. 4. On Pg.127, answer the questions to the right. SCPASS Coach Book Reading 1. Group leaders get a couple PASS Coach books for your group. 2. Turn to page 89. 3. We will Popcorn read the section together. 4. While you read think about the different ways in which the tectonic plates move and the changes in landforms they cause over time. Plate Tectonics Notes Plate Tectonics – The Beginning The theory of plate tectonics explains why and how large sections of Earth’s crust, called lithospheric plates, move. Alfred Wegener developed the hypothesis of continental drift before the present theory of plate tectonics. Plate tectonics explains how many Earth features form. pg.128 The idea for Wegener's theory was sparked by his observation of the nearly perfect “fit” of the South American and African continents. Evidence supporting the continental drift theory: 1. Continent shape – they seemed to fit together 2. Fossil Evidence – fossils of the same plants and animals were found on different continents 3. Rock Formations – found nearly identical on east coast of U.S. and west coast of Europe. 4. Climate Clues – glacial deposits found in current warm climates and warm climate plant fossils found in Artic. What are tectonic plates? Earth’s sublayers Lithosphere: This layer combines the rigid crust plus the upper-most mantle. (Greek: Rock) Asthenosphere: Partially molten part of upper mantle (Greek: weak). Tectonic plates are able to move about on top of the softer, partially molten asthenosphere. The Earth‘s crust consists of about a dozen large slabs of rock, or PLATES, that the continents and oceans rest on. Tectonic plates are also called lithospheric plates. Tectonic plates, or lithospheric plates, are constantly moving, being created, and destroyed at the same time. The motion sometimes results in earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges at the plate boundaries. Plate motion is driven by heat escaping from the mantle. The constant movement of heat in the mantle leads to circular convection currents. These hot convective cells are similar to the rolling boil that occurs when water is heated on a stovetop. https://ww w.youtube. com/watch ?v=ryrXAGY 1dmE Plate Boundaries There are three basic ways that plates interact with one another. Each of these plate boundaries has the potential to create different geological features. 1. When plates collide with each other = Convergent boundary 2. When plates separate from each other = Divergent boundary 3. When plates slide alongside each other = Transform boundary Convergent Boundary: Ocean – Continent Subduction The more dense oceanic plate sinks and is subducted beneath the continental plate. This is called a subduction zone, where the old oceanic plate is dragged downward and destroyed. Deep-sea trenches are created over subduction zones and volcanoes are created on land. Example: S.America Convergent Boundary: Ocean – Ocean Subduction If 2 oceanic plates collide, the older, denser one is subducted downward into the mantle. A chain of volcanic islands can form, called a volcanic arc. Example: Mariana Islands (Mariana Trench) – Deepest trench on Earth located in Pacific Ocean near Guam. Convergent Boundary: Continent-Continent Collision If two continental plates collide, mountain building usually takes place because they are both relatively low in density. Example: The Indo-Australian plate converges with the Eurasian plate to form the Himalayan Mountains. The Appalachian mountain chains are also an example. Divergent Boundary Two plates move away from each other create a crack called a rift. New crust is formed from magma rising up through the rift. When this occurs with 2 oceanic plates we call it seafloor spreading. Examples: The world‘s longest mountain chain is underwater and is called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Atlantic Ocean. Plus the Great Rift Valley in Africa. Transform Boundary Two plates slide past each other. Crust is neither created or destroyed. Earthquakes occur frequently along this boundary. Example: the San Andreas Fault in California. Changes in Landforms over Time Tectonic plates move slowly – about 1 to 10 cm per year. Alfred Wegener proposed that all of the continents once formed a ―supercontinent called Pangaea. As the plates continued to move and split apart, oceans were formed, landmasses collided and split apart until the Earth’s landmasses came to be in the positions they are now. Changes in Landforms over Time Evidence of landmass collisions and splits come from fossils, continent shape, rock structures, and climate change. Hot spots can show how plates have moved. They are areas of volcanic activity in the middle of a tectonic plate. Plates will continue to move and change in the future. Vocabulary Homework 1. Add the foldable to pg.129 in your notebook. 2. Write the definition for each word behind the flap. 3. Due tomorrow!! *Take your textbook home if you aren’t using the internet. Bell Ringer 21 - Tuesday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pgs. 131-132 to your Table of Contents. 4. On Pg.127, answer the questions to the right. Theory of Continental Drift 1. Add the foldable to pg.131 in your notebook. 2. Research the answers from your notes and record behind the window pane. Oceanic vs. Continental 1. Cut out and add the Venn-Diagram to pg.132 in your notebook. 2. Use your notes from pages 113 and 128 to find at least 3 facts for each section of the diagram. Test Results and Corrections 1. Review your test score and mastery level results. 2. Begin making corrections for ½ credit back. Correct answer Explanation for new answer Cite your source – where you found the answer 3. Corrections are due by Thursday. Bell Ringer 21 - Wednesday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pgs. 133-134 to your Table of Contents. 4. On Pg.127, answer the questions to the right. Adams Family Plate Boundaries 1. Add the foldable to pg.133 in your notebook. 2. Behind the flap write the name of the boundary. 3. On the other side write what it forms/causes and an example. Name Forms… & Example Name Forms… & Example Name Causes… & Example Plate Boundaries Chart 1. Add the chart to pg.134 in your notebook. 2. Use your notes and other foldables to complete the chart. Bell Ringer 21 - Thursday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pg. 135 to your Table of Contents. 4. On Pg.127, answer the questions to the right. 4 Plate Tectonics Scavenger Hunt 1. This paper will be turned in for a grade today. Put your name on it. 2. Write the definition from your assigned starting point. 3. Search for the answer at another station. Record the word and letter. 4. Your answer sheet will display the following in sequence for all: a) Definition b) Word c) Letter in box Plate Boundary Pockets 1. Cut out the pockets and cards. 2. Glue the pockets to notebook pg.135 3. Match the cards with the correct pockets. Bell Ringer 21 - Friday 1. Sit quietly. 2. Copy the homework in your agenda. 3. Add pg. 136 to your Table of Contents. 4. On Pg.127, answer the questions to the right. Plate Tectonic Task Cards 1. Get out a half sheet of paper and put your name on it. 2. You and your group will work together to answer 2 sets of task card questions (baggie A and baggie B). 3. You will have 10 minutes with each baggie. Continental Drift Interactive Reading Comprehension 1. Cut out and read the passage with Notebook your group. pg. 136 2. Read and follow the instructions on your cut-out sheet. Evidence Notebook pg. 137 Continental 1 Drift 2 Pangaea Progress 3 4 Wegener Facts: Present Summary