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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet Classification Unit Vocabulary and Section Summary Sorting It All Out Classification taxonomy dichotomous key Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Classification Summary SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • In classification, organisms are grouped according to the characteristics the organisms share. Classification lets scientists answer important questions about the relationship between organisms. • The eight levels of classification are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. • An organism has one two-part scientific name. • A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements. SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • In the past, organisms were classified as plants or animals. As scientists discovered more species, they found that organisms did not always fit into one of these two categories, so they changed the classification system. • Today, domains are the largest groups of related organisms. The three domains are Archaea and Bacteria, both of which consist of prokaryotes, and Eukarya, which consists of eukaryotes. • The kingdoms of the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt science and Technology 21 Classification Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Bacteria SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus • Most bacteria have a cell wall. The main shapes of bacteria are rod shaped, spherical, and spiral shaped. • Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission. In binary fission, one cell divides into two cells. • Bacteria are classified in part by the way that they get food. Consumers eat other organisms. Producers can make their own food. • Archaea live in harsh environments. The three main types of archaea are heat lovers, salt lovers, and methane makers. Protists SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • Protists are a diverse group of single-celled and many-celled organisms. • Protists are grouped in their own kingdom because they differ from other organisms in many ways. • Protists get food by producing it or by getting it from their environment. • Some protists reproduce asexually, some reproduce sexually, and some reproduce both asexually and sexually. Fungi SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • Fungi can be consumers, decomposers, or parasites, or they can live in mutualistic relationships with other organisms. • Most fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae. Many hyphae join together to form a mycelium. • The four main groups of fungi are threadlike fungi, sac fungi, club fungi, and imperfect fungi. • Threadlike fungi are primarily decomposers that form sporangia containing Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt science and Technology 22 Classification Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ spores. • During sexual reproduction, sac fungi form little sacs in which sexual spores develop. • Club fungi form structures called basidia during sexual reproduction. • The imperfect fungi include all of the species that do not quite fit in the other groups. Many are parasites that reproduce only by asexual reproduction. • A lichen is a combination of a specific fungus and a specific alga. The lichen is different from either organism growing alone. Plants SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • All plants make their own food and have cuticles, cells walls, and a two-stage life cycle. • Plants are first classified into two groups: nonvascular plants and vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into seedless plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. • Similarities between green algae and plants suggest they may have a common ancestor. Animals SECTION SUMMARY Read the following section summary. • Scientists have named over 1 million animal species. Humans are vertebrates, but most animals are invertebrates. • Animals are multicellular, reproduce sexually (usually), have many specialized parts, are able to move, and consume other organisms. Only animals have all of these characteristics. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt science and Technology 23 Classification