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Skills Worksheet
Classification Unit Vocabulary and
Section Summary
Sorting It All Out
Classification
taxonomy
dichotomous key
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Classification Summary
SECTION SUMMARY
Read the following section summary.
• In classification, organisms are grouped according to the characteristics the
organisms share. Classification lets scientists answer important questions about
the relationship between organisms.
• The eight levels of classification are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus, and species.
• An organism has one two-part scientific name.
• A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of
paired descriptive statements.
SECTION SUMMARY
Read the following section summary.
• In the past, organisms were classified as plants or animals. As scientists
discovered more species, they found that organisms did not always fit into one
of these two categories, so they changed the classification system.
• Today, domains are the largest groups of related organisms. The three domains
are Archaea and Bacteria, both of which consist of prokaryotes, and Eukarya,
which consists of eukaryotes.
• The kingdoms of the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
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Classification
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Bacteria
SECTION SUMMARY
Read the following section summary.
• Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms that
lack a nucleus
• Most bacteria have a cell wall. The main shapes of bacteria are rod shaped,
spherical, and spiral shaped.
• Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission. In binary fission, one cell divides into
two cells.
• Bacteria are classified in part by the way that they get food. Consumers eat other
organisms. Producers can make their own food.
• Archaea live in harsh environments. The three main types of archaea are heat
lovers, salt lovers, and methane makers.
Protists
SECTION SUMMARY
Read the following section summary.
• Protists are a diverse group of single-celled and many-celled organisms.
• Protists are grouped in their own kingdom because they differ from other
organisms in many ways.
• Protists get food by producing it or by getting it from their environment.
• Some protists reproduce asexually, some reproduce sexually, and some
reproduce both asexually and sexually.
Fungi
SECTION SUMMARY
Read the following section summary.
• Fungi can be consumers, decomposers, or parasites, or they can live in
mutualistic relationships with other organisms.
• Most fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae. Many hyphae join
together to form a mycelium.
• The four main groups of fungi are threadlike fungi, sac fungi, club fungi, and
imperfect fungi.
• Threadlike fungi are primarily decomposers that form sporangia containing
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Classification
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spores.
• During sexual reproduction, sac fungi form little sacs in which sexual spores
develop.
• Club fungi form structures called basidia during sexual reproduction.
• The imperfect fungi include all of the species that do not quite fit in the other
groups. Many are parasites that reproduce only by asexual reproduction.
• A lichen is a combination of a specific fungus and a specific alga. The lichen is
different from either organism growing alone.
Plants
SECTION SUMMARY
Read the following section summary.
• All plants make their own food and have cuticles, cells walls, and a two-stage
life cycle.
• Plants are first classified into two groups: nonvascular plants and vascular
plants. Vascular plants are further divided into seedless plants, gymnosperms,
and angiosperms.
• Similarities between green algae and plants suggest they may have a common
ancestor.
Animals
SECTION SUMMARY
Read the following section summary.
• Scientists have named over 1 million animal species. Humans are vertebrates,
but most animals are invertebrates.
• Animals are multicellular, reproduce sexually (usually), have many specialized
parts, are able to move, and consume other organisms. Only animals have all of
these characteristics.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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Classification