Download (II) INNOVATION as a

INNOVATION and
SME
The OECD innovation
strategy
Alessandra Proto
OECD LEED Trento Centre for
Local Development
THE OECD INNOVATION
STRATEGY
2007 OECD ministers agreed that:
• Innovation is crucial for competitiveness,
productivity and progress of the nations.
• It is also fundamental element to confront with
the actual global challenges such as climate
change and sustainable development.
OECD INNOVATION STRATEGY
THE INNOVATION IMPERATIVE
• The economic downturn makes it imperative to
find new sources of growth.
• Innovation has always been an important drive
of growth .
• Governments need to reboot their economies
with a more intelligent type of growth, driven
by new start-ups, by the most innovative small
and medium enterprises and banks, and by the
need to develop efficient renewable energies
and green technologies for a low-carbon era.
NO CUTS ON INNVATION FOR
THE CRISIS
• Innovation in many of the stimulus packages
launched to offset the impact of the crisis.
• Increase of public investment in education,
research and smart infrastructure.
• Now with the weight of fiscal deficits: risk of
such spending being cut.
• Cuts may provide short-term fiscal relief but it
will hurt growth in the long term.
…But this is not just about spending
THE OECD INNOVATION
STRATEGY
2007 OECD ministers agreed that:
• Innovation is crucial for competitiveness,
productivity and progress of the nations.
• It is also fundamental element to confront with
the actual global challenges such as climate
change and sustainable development.
OECD INNOVATION STRATEGY
THE INNOVATION IMPERATIVE
• The economic downturn makes it imperative to
find new sources of growth.
• Innovation has always been an important drive
of growth .
• Governments need to reboot their economies
with a more intelligent type of growth, driven
by new start-ups, by the most innovative small
and medium enterprises and banks, and by the
need to develop efficient renewable energies
and green technologies for a low-carbon era.
NO CUTS ON INNVATION FOR
THE CRISIS
• Innovation in many of the stimulus packages
launched to offset the impact of the crisis.
• Increase of public investment in education,
research and smart infrastructure.
• Now with the weight of fiscal deficits: risk of
such spending being cut.
• Cuts may provide short-term fiscal relief but it
will hurt growth in the long term.
…But this is not just about spending
GOVERNMENTS’
UNDERSTANDING OF INNOVATION
IS CRUCIAL
The nature of innovation has changed dramatically
due to:
•Globalisation
•Emergence of new players (China, India, …)
•Widespread diffusion of ICT
•Competitive pressure to engage in more open
innovating methods.
Collectively these changes have transformed the
nature of innovation: how is it performed? Where
it occurs? Who does it? What it consists of?
NEED OF RETHINKING POLICES
TO NURTURE AND GUIDE
INNOVATION (I)
• Rethink the role that UNIVERSITIES and
RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS play in the
economies.
• Considered as essential nodes in the
innovation system
• Grant them more freedom and
independence
• Encourage them to compete and become
world class innovation catalysts.
NEED OF RETHINKING POLICES
TO NURTURE AND GUIDE
INNOVATION (II)
• INNOVATION as a SYSTEM:
• innovation policies should have a broader
view than simply supporting science and
technology
• Need of whole-of-government innovation
strategies
NEED OF RETHINKING POLICES
TO NURTURE AND GUIDE
INNOVATION (III)
• Promote ENTREPRENEURSHIP and support the
creativity of YOUNG INNOVATIVE FIRMS:
• Gazelles are source of radically new,
“disruptive innovations”
• New firms tend to generate large
productivity and employment gains
OECD INNOVATION STRATEGY
Is one of the first, whole-of-government
exercises that seeks to look at innovation not
from the narrow lens of just S&T, but more
broadly from a broad range of policy areas.
A “HORIZONTAL" APPROACH
Education & skills
Science and
technology
Industry and
entrepreneurship
Environment
Development
Tax
Competition
Exploring
innovation
from a wide
range of
policy
perspectives
Information and
communications
Statistics
Public
governance
Investment
Trade
Consumer policy
Territorial
development
PRODUCTS
• A short Ministerial paper setting out the challenges and priorities
for action on innovation, combined with a set of policy principles.
• An analytical report, providing evidence on the main innovation
drivers and processes and policy recommendations.
• Measuring Innovation, presenting a set of policy-relevant
indicators that will enable countries to position themselves on a
range of policies and innovation outcomes, and proposing a
forward looking measurement agenda.
• In-depth thematic reports on key issues.
• The beginnings of a policy handbook, that will enable countries to
examine their own performance and system, and provide tools
and examples to take action.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, SME
AND INNOVATION
• New firms, SMEs and entrepreneurs are key
players because they are bringing new ideas to
the market.
• Innovation is not only S&T but also:
• creation of new products and services
• new marketing methods
• changes in ways of organising businesses, in their workplace
organisation and external relations.
• New firm creation through entrepreneurship and
innovations in existing SMEs play an important
role.
MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS
• Policies to strengthen entrepreneurship and increase the
innovation capabilities of SMEs should be one of the main
planks of government innovation strategies.
• Governments should target SMEs and entrepreneurship
as a major potential source of new jobs in the recovery
from recession.
• Public policies have a role to play in leveraging the
dynamic nature of entrepreneurship, developing
programmes that support SME and promoting
entrepreneurship in the population at large.
• Such policies are often more effective when they contain
an important local component (respond more closely to
realities on the ground, benefitting from local competitive
advantages)
INNOVATION IS NOT “FLAT”
Patents per million inhabitants, Europe, average 2005-07
IMPORTANT ROLE OF LOCALITIES
More
than 250
Unique system of experiences,
skills,
codes, networks, shared perspectives
and social capital
Between 100 and
250
Between 50 and
100
Between 0 and 50
17
Source: OECD (2010), Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective, OECD, Paris based on OECD REGPAT Database and
OECD, Regional Database.
THANK YOU!
1