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Cas d’etude de Villes Vertes:
Chicago Tri-State metro-region
Rencontre du CRIES de
la region Ile de France
18 juin 2012
Alexis Robert
Analyste des Politiques
Unité de Developpement Urbain
Division des Politiques de
Développement Régional
The OECD Green Growth Strategy
www.oecd.org/greengrowth
Not just about recovery…
…a core economic strategy that leads to a
different way of thinking about development.
Defining green growth
Green growth means fostering economic growth and
development while ensuring that natural assets
continue to provide the resources and ecosystem
services on which our well-being relies.
To do this it must catalyse investment, competition
and innovation which will underpin sustained
growth and give rise to new economic opportunities.
OECD (2011), Towards Green Growth
What is urban green growth?
Extending the scope of the OECD definition of green growth
• A need for new sources of urban growth
• The presence of policy complementarities at the local level
• The importance of social equity to urban development
Defining urban green growth
Fostering economic growth and development through urban activities that
reduce negative environmental externalities, the impact on natural
resources and the pressure on ecosystem services.
The greening of the traditional urban economy and expanding the green
urban sector can generate growth (through increased supply and demand),
job creation and increased urban attractiveness.
These effects are in part the result of stronger interactions at the urban
level among economic efficiency, equity and environmental objectives.
OECD (2011), Cities and Green Growth: A Conceptual Framework
How do we assess green growth in cities?
• How green initiatives can increase
– Urban attractiveness
– Jobs
– Supply and demand of regional
green goods and services
• Focus on opportunities to
in greening urban sectors
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–
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–
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Land-use
Transport
Buildings
Waste and Water
Opportunities for green firms
Key assets
• Strong specialisations
– 4 of 5 strongest specialities in Chicago Tri-State metro-region related to buildings sector
– 36% of all green sector jobs are in buildings sector
– Strongest specialisation in water technologies in the US in the Milwaukee metro-region
• Largest green economy exporter in the US (USD 2 billion annually)
• Strong green sector employer
–
More jobs in air and water purification
technologies than any other metro area
in the US
– Second-largest employer in the fields of
green chemical products, green
architecture and construction, and public
mass transit.
US wind power-related manufacturing facilities
Key challenges
• Emissions from buildings are high
• Congestion and transport emissions - sprawl is a factor
• Water and air quality has improved but is still substandard in places
• Waste generation is high
GHG Emissions from Electricity Use
GHG emissions from ground transportation
Key issues
• Insufficient investment in public transit
• Barriers to entry on building retrofits
• Pricing for water and waste do not reflect “true cost” of service delivery
and environmental impacts.
• Renewable and energy efficiency
technologies not yet costcompetitive
• Venture capital investment in
green tech is low
Industrial/Energy Venture Capital Deals 1995-2011
120
100
80
60
• The low price of fossil fuels may
be stifling innovation
US
Silicon Valley
Illinois
40
20
0
Key recommendations
• Connect property owners to Energy Service Companies for retrofits
• Green design standards to stimulate building-sector innovation
• Regional wind consortia
•
Increase public transit funding (congestion charges and value-added taxes)
• Restructure water and waste pricing
• The Milwaukee Water Council: a model for other sectors
• Regional priority-setting
and information sharing
• Federal price signals and
legislative changes for
property-tax loans