Download biomolecule computer activity - Coach Blair`s Biology Website

Go to http://biomodel.uah.es/en/model3/index.htm
Refer to http://www.umass.edu/molvis/bme3d/materials/explore.html#Lactase
If there is anything you cannot find on the first web site. Or use the powerpoints from the website. Most
of the questions will be found on the first web site.
Answer these questions by selecting and scrolling through the 3-D models of the Biomolecules.
Also use your notes to answer the questions. DO NOT JUST GOOGLE THESE ANSWERS. LOOK AT THE
DIAGRAMS AND THE 3D SHAPES
General:
The four major classes of macromolecule are _____, _____, _____ and _____.
Macromolecules are formed in _____ reactions, in which two hydrogens and an oxygen
(H2O) are removed from the reactants.
When a macromolecule is broken down into smaller molecules, a molecule of _____ is
added and the reaction is called _____.
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are made from which atoms?
A(n) _____ is a simple, single-ring sugar; a(n) _____ is formed when two of these link
together, and a(n) _____ is formed when many of them link together.
Lipids:
Triglycerides consist of three _____ joined to a molecule of _____.
Steroids are _____ with _____ rings.
A(n) _____ is formed by replacing one fatty acid in a triglyceride with a phosphorous containing
molecule.
Proteins:
Proteins are made of _____, joined together in a chain.
All amino acids have a(n) _____ group, a(n) _____ group, and a(n) _____.
The bonds between the subunits in a protein are called _____ bonds.
The _____ structure of a protein refers to the actual sequence of its subunits.
When a protein unfolds, its function is lost: this process is called _denatured____.
The _____ structure of a protein refers to the folding caused by hydrogen bonding
between amino and carboxyl groups within the same molecule, and usually leads to the
formation of beta-pleated-sheets and alpha-helices.
The _____ structure of a protein refers to the complex folding caused by interactions
between the side chains of the subunits with each other and with the solvent.
The _____ structure of a protein refers to the interaction of two separate protein
molecules to form a single functional unit.
DNA: go to: http://www.umass.edu/molvis/tutorials/dna/
What are the four pairs of DNA bases that form in the double helix?
How can A distinguish T from C?
Which DNA double helix do you think would be harder to separate into two strands: DNA composed
predominantly of AT base pairs, or of GC base pairs? Why?
What is a mutation?
The DNA double helix looks like a twisted ladder. What makes up each rung of the ladder? What holds
the rungs together at the sides?
Is there mostly empty space between the atoms in a DNA double helix? Why?
One base pair is not in position to form normal Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds. Can you find it?
(Note: Clicking on any base in D. Ends, Antiparallelism reports its letter and sequence number at the
bottom of the browser window in the status line, following the word "Group". Use this feature to obtain
the letters and sequence numbers of the abnormal base pair, once you find it.)
How do proteins recognize specific sequences of DNA?