Download Australian Aquaculture Executive (Powerpoint)

Australian Aquaculture;
• Aquaculture, is defined most simply as the farming of
aquatic organizations for human food.
• Definition FAO 1990
• …the farming of aquatic organisms including fish,
mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming
implies some form of intervention in the rearing process
to enhance production, such as regular stocking,
feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also
implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock
being cultivated.
Australia;
• Australia has an Aquaculture industry worth
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nearly A$500 million and is the fastest growing
primary industry.
In developed countries aquaculture is generally
used to produce high value luxury items for
either local consumption or for export.
A good example of luxury items produced for
export is the farming of blue fin tuna and
kuruma prawn in Australia.
Species cultured in Australia;
• Aquaculture was worth in 1997-98
A$491.4 million dollars.
• These are salmonoid fin fishes A$83
million.
• Pearl oyster A$211.9 million.
• Edible oysters A$49 million.
The Aquaculture industry has
recently switched from land-based
rearing of rainbow trout
(Ocorhynchus mykiss).
And brown trout (Salmo trutta)
To sea-based rearing of Atlantic
salmon (Salmo salar).
Salmonid cont;
• This species will continue to dominate
aquaculture in Australia for the next
several years.
Australia;
• It is also important to note that produce that
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was a ‘luxury’ a few years back may not be so
now. As prices become cheaper the Aquaculture
items become in more demand.
It is also important to note the social acceptance
as well as being affordable.
For instance common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a
popular species throughout Asia and Europe.
In Australia however, carp is considered to be
inedible by a large proportion of the population
and its market value is low.
Provision of employment
opportunities;
• Development of an aquaculture industry,
particularly one directed at producing a
high value product, has the dual
advantages of providing employment
opportunities in rural areas and is a source
of foreign exchange for that country.
Supplementation of wild stock;
At this point in time recreational trout fisheries is in place
for Australia.
The trout stocking programs in Australia were driven
entirely by an angling fraternity. European settlers wishing
to maintain some of their traditional recreational activities
formed acclimatization societies and imported
various species, among them trout to the newly settled
countries Subsequent stocking of waters with hatcherybred fish resulted in considerable populations
of trout which form the basis of major recreational
fisheries.
Supplementation of wild stocks
cont;
Another purpose of a planned stocking program of stock is
with species such as the Macquarie perch Macquarie
australascia, trout cod Macquaries with a view to
rehabilitating the depleted wild stocks.
In most cases technology developed by government
subsidized hatcheries has subsequently formed the basis
for the development of an aquaculture industry directed
at producing animals for human consumption at a profit.
Murry Cod, Macculochella peeli;
• The Murry Cod is a popular sport fish and
is also consumed as a finfish for human
consumption. Although due to habitat
change due to rising temperatures we are
seeing the depletion of wild stocks.
• And has seen Murry Cod listed in the
Biodiversity Act protecting the species.
Biodiversity act;
• The listing of Murry Cod as ‘Vulnerable’
applies to the conservation and regulation
as a species.
• Biodiversity Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999
• Vulnerable;
Murry cod a government inspired
theme for restocking.
And replenishment practicing sound
ecological practices;
Macculochella peeli, Murry cod;
Details of breeding temperatures;
• 14.5-19.5 degrees Celsius is the;
• Reproductive temperature for the species
although due to increasing temperatures
as caused through global warming causing
loss of habitat and species becoming more
restricted over time.
Ornamental fish;
• Is worth hundreds of millions of dollars in
Australia alone.
• Common goldfish Carassius auratus being
the most notable.
• Culture of ornamental fish can be
extremely profitable since they are
generally sold at a small size and price per
weight is extremely high.
Ornamentals in the ecological race;
More from the genera
Melanotaneia;
Economics of production;
• At this present state Aquanet Place is
involved with water quality equipment for
scientifically testing your water on a large
scale and renumerating the data.
• The stock maintenance is a conservative
performance when coming to dissolved
oxygen meters and is an interest to
Australian Aquaculture..
Water meters providing great
service and reliability;
Resun at home at Aquanet Place;
Providing intensive
performance;
For intensive Aquaculture
operations;
Nutrition in Australia;
• The aquaculture industry is relatively new in
Australia. The fish feed industry is in its initial phase
of development.
• The industry is concentrated in Tasmania which
caters to the salmonid culture, and in Queensland.
One recommendation by scientific performance is
FRIPPAK
• Please see Handout.
There are very few, fish feed manufacturers. Most fish
feed manufacturers are animal feed manufactures
and fish feeds are only of secondary importance.
Scientific physiology at Aquanet
Place;
• At this present moment we are in research at Aquanet
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Place detailing the aspects of physiology through the
use of mtDNA and how these can change through
introgression ‘Hybridization’ to form new species.
Looking at Eretmodus cyanostictus and Tanganicodus
irsacrcae from Lake Tanganyika.
Hybridization of the southern morph in a genome that
represents 6.2% difference in physiological shape and
morphology in the genome.
Northern race of Eretmodus
cyanostictus;
Spathodus erythrodon southern
variation;
Tanganicodus irsarcae morphology
a more successful adaptation to its
surroundings with little genetic
variation.
Tanganicodus irsarcae ‘dentition’;
Water Quality and water types;
• Levee ponds are probably used most
commonly in commercial aquaculture, for
these ponds are easy to construct and the
water supply may be readily controlled.
• Optimal Ph and Temperature should be
maintained approximately between 7.27.8 to aid fertilization of these ponds with
added nutrients.
Here we can apply measurements
in water quality;
• Sample parameters of our hatcheries we concentrate
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mainly on
DO
NH2
NO2
Ph:
Temperature:
Nitrate
Solids
Alkalinity
Fish Health Management in
Australian Aquaculture;
• The importance of disease diagnosis and control
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to Australian aquaculture cannot be ignored.
In Northern Australia disease has been the
major factor limiting the expansion of
barramundi and penaeid prawn farming, with
viruses being primarily responsible.
In the case of mollusks, introduction from other
geographic areas for aquaculture has frequently
resulted in the introduction of devastating
pathogens in native stocks
(Berthe 2000)