Download Physical Chemistry

COURSE GUIDE
DEGREE
DEGREE: PHARMACY
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2016/2017
COURSE: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Course Title
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
ECTS
Type
Total
Basic
6
X
Obligatory
Period
Optional
st
1 C
Calendar
2 C
nd
Weeks
X
15
X
French
Pre-requisites
None
Course Language
Spanish
Valentian
English
DEPARTMENT
Area of Knowledge
PHARMACY
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Course teacher
Name and surnames
J. Ignacio Bueso Bordils
Office (faculty)
Office 471 (Seminar building)
E-mail
[email protected]
Student appointment
schedule
To be determined
Introduction to the Course
Physical chemistry studies the application of physical laws in chemical processes. One of the attractives of learning
physical chemistry is to observe how the principles that are studied are applied in many everyday aspects of our lives, from
the usual like lighting a match to something as important as developing medicines that can be used in the treatment of
various diseases. It is therefore necessary to establish a solid foundation that allows us to understand our environment and
its functioning.
Re-requ
Pre-requisites
To access to the PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY subject, it is necessary to accredit knowledge of Chemistry, Mathematics and
Basic Statistics.
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Chemistry/ Basic chemistry of the pharmaceutical sciences/ Physical Chemistry. 2
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Course Objectives
Obtain the necessary chemical basis to address the study of other branches of chemistry and related subjects.
General and Specific Skills Offered by the Course
Basic skills
BS1 Basic Skill 1 (RD 861)
Building on the foundations laid during secondary education and with the support of advanced textbooks, the
students will be able to demonstrate a level of knowledge and understanding equivalent in some aspects to
that at the forefront of their field of study.
BS2 Basic Skill 2 (RD 861)
The students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner
and will develop skills related to devising and sustaining arguments and solving problems within epidemiology
and public health.
BS5 Basic Skill 5 (RD 861)
Students will be required to develop learning skills necessary to undertake in depth, detailed studies with a high
degree of autonomy.
General and transversal skills
 Knowing the risks and safety measures associated with the work in the lab.
 Recognize and make a proper use of safety devices and protocols in order to prevent accidents in the lab.
 Get as much skill in the handling of chemicals as estimating the risks related to their use.
Specific skills.
 Knowledge of basic formulation and chemical nomenclature.
 Knowledge of adjustment of chemical equations, stoichiometric calculations and working with solutions.
 Knowledge of the structure and electronic configuration of the elements of the periodic table and periodic properties
such as fundamentals of chemical reactivity.
 Knowledge of the fundamental concepts and models of the chemical bond that determine the physical and chemical
properties of matter.
 Knowing the characteristics of the reactions in solution, the different states of matter and the principles of
thermodynamics and its application to pharmaceutical sciences.
 Knowing the characteristic properties of the elements and their compounds as well as their application in the
pharmaceutical field.
 Develop laboratory experiments and learn to evaluate scientific data related to pharmaceutical drugs and healthcare
products.
Course Contents






Thermodynamics Principles.
Solutions’ Thermodynamics.
Colligative Properties.
Chemical Kinetics, Catalysis and Enzyme Kinetics.
Surface Phenomena.
Transport Phenomena.
Course Structure and Design
1. Lectures, 30 h
2. Seminars, 10.5 h
3. Practicals, 15 h
4. Bulletin, 10 h
4. Exams, 4 h
5. Individual study, 117 h
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ESTIMATION OF STUDENTS’ WORKLOAD
CHEMISTRY
Course Structure and Design
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
ECTS
6
Credits:
Breakdown of Student’s Working Hours
Contact Hours
(A)
Formative activity
Independent
study (B)
Total working hours (C)
C=A+B
LECTURES
Introduction
1
Lecture
30
1
30
60
15
7.5
22.5
10.5
10.5
21
10
10
59.5
59.5
Debates
Feedback
and
Assignments
Review
of
Others: Tutorials
3.5
PRACTICALS
Problem solving
Debates
Feedback
and
Assignments
Review
of
Simulations
Laboratory
Practices in the Computer Lab
Visits
Presentation and discussion about
coursework assignments
Others
SEMINARS
Problem solving
Debates
Feedback
and
Assignments
Review
of
Review
of
WORKSHOPS
Feedback
and
Assignments
Oral Presentations
SYNTHETIC WORK
Preparation Time Required
EVALUATION
Exam Preparation Time
Exams and Tests
4
4
Others….
TOTAL
63
117
180
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING HOURS AND ECTS CREDITS
180 / 6 = 30h
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Assessment Criteria
Mode A.- Addressed to all students enrolled in the course for the first time. The final grade is obtained through continuous
assessment in seminars, lectures or laboratory, based on the participation and attitude in the classroom and laboratory.
Thus, attendance at all activities and practical sessions is mandatory, as it is the only way to evaluate the student work
weekly. Assistance checks will be conducted by signature page but the mere presence in class does not count toward in
the final grade.
To pass the subject it is necessary to meet the following requirements:
a) It is compulsory to attend every one of the practical sessions. Non-attendance without adequate justification
impedes the realization of the theoretical examination of the subject. To access the theory test in these conditions, it is
necessary to prove knowledge of the practicals conducting a theoretical and practical examination in the laboratory on the
practical program, which is indispensable in order to pass the theoretical part.
b) Get an overall mark equal or higher than 5 out of 10. The evaluation system will be a "continuous assessment", where
the following aspects will be contemplated:
 Bulletin delivered with solved questions: 10 % (as long as attendance to lectures is over 80 %).

Solving seminar questions: 10% (as long as attendance to lectures is over 80 %). After some seminars, a question
is asked to be solved individually: 10 %

Lab tests (4 tests, each one at the end of the lesson): 24 %.

Monthly tests: 20% (as long as attendance to lectures is over 80 %).

Final exam: 40%. It is necessary to obtain at least a score of 4 out of 10, to be applicable to the sum of all items.
Mode B.- Adressed to all students exempted to perform continuous assessment. Attendance at all activities and practical
sessions is mandatory. Assistance checks will be conducted by signature page but the mere presence in class does not
count toward in the final grade.
To pass the subject it is necessary to meet the following requirements:
a) It is compulsory to attend every one of the practical sessions. Non-attendance without adequate justification
impedes the realization of the theoretical examination of the subject. To access the theory test in these conditions, it is
necessary to prove knowledge of the practicals conducting a theoretical and practical examination in the laboratory on the
practical program, which is indispensable in order to pass the theoretical part.
b) Get an overall mark equal or higher than 5 out of 10. The evaluation system will be a "continuous assessment", where
the following aspects will be contemplated:

Lab tests (4 tests, each one at the end of the lesson): 20 %.
 Final exam: 80%. It is necessary to obtain at least a score of 4 out of 10, to be applicable to the sum of all items.
Students running an extraordinary exam, in order to correctly apply current legislation, will obtain 100% of their grade by
means of an examination, except for those students who have not carried out the practicals, who should perform and
pass a theoretical and practical exercise in the laboratory in order to access this last exam.
Evaluation in the Extraordinary Call:
In compliance with the current regulations, the student has the possibility to obtain the maximum qualification in all the
exams. Due to this, in case of not passing the subject in the ordinary call, the grade of the examination of the extraordinary
exam will represent 100% of the final mark of the subject (If you have not done the practicals of the subject, you must prove
the knowledge of the practicals by carrying out a theoretical-practical examination on the practical program that is
indispensable to pass the examination of the extraordinary call).
Access to all exams of the subject with a Formulae booklet (regardless of the evaluation modality) is allowed. This
document will be made by the student (no book or any electronic aid is allowed except for a non-programmable calculator)
and may contain the theoretical aspects explained in the lectures (in no case will it contain any partial or total question
statements and/or solutions). A maximum of 1 page is allowed per chapter explained, in total a maximum of 13 properly
stapled pages (no single sheets are allowed). The name of the student will appear on all pages. Failure to comply with any
of the rules that enable the use of the form will cause the withdrawal of the same as well as the expulsion of the student
involved.
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Course Program
Theoretical Programme
Chapter 1. Introduction. Physical chemistry concept. Projection in Pharmacy studies. Study
methods. General outline of the programme.
1 hour long
I. Thermodynamics
Chapter 2. Thermodynamics Fundamentals. Thermodynamic system. Reversible and irreversible
processes. Heat and work concepts. First principle statement. Internal energy. Enthalpy. Reversible
transformations of an ideal gas. Enthropy. Enthropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes.
Enthropy changes in an ideal gas.
2 hours long
Chapter 3. Thermochemistry. Heat at constant pressure and volume. Thermochemical laws:
Lavoisier-Laplace, Hess. Formation and combustión enthalpies. Calculation of combustion heat:
Berthelot-Mahler calorimeter pump. Dependence of the enthalpy of reaction with temperature:
Kirchoff's equation. Solution heat.
2 hours long
Chapter 4. Spontaneity of processes. Spontaneity of an isolated system. Spontaneity of a closed
system: Gibbs free energy. Variation of free energy of an ideal gas in different processes.
Spontaneity of an open system: chemical potential. Chemical potential of an ideal gas in an
isothermal process and in a mixture of gases.
3 hous long
Chapter 5. Phase equillibriums: one-component systems. Vapour pressure concept. Phase
diagrams. Clapeyron equation: liofilization. Claussius – Clapeyron equation: applications.
Sterilization. Trouton rule. Polymorphic changes.
3 hous long
Chapter 6. Phase equillibriums: binary systems I. L-V equillibrium (miscible liquids): Raoult’s and
Dalton’s Laws. Phase diagrams. Fractional distillation. Azeotropic Mixtures. Solubility of Gases in
Liquids: Henry’s Law. L-V equillibrium (inmiscible liquids): Phase diagrams. Steam distillation.
Applications.
3 hous long
Chapter 7. Phase equillibriums: binary II and ternary systems. S-L equillibrium: Solubility of a
solid in a liquid. Cooling curves: Phase diagrams, eutectic point. L-L equillibrium: phase diagrams.
Ternary systems: triangle plots.
3 hours long
Chapter 8. Colligative properties. Decrease in vapour pressure. Ebulloscopic constant. Cryoscopic
constant. Osmotic pressure. Anomalous colligative properties: Vant'Hoff factor. Applications:
Calculation of the molecular mass of a solute. Injectable preparations.
2 hours long
Chapter 9. Chemical equillibrium: partition and distribution phenomena. Equillibrium general
theory. Equillibrium constants: relationship `between them. Influence of pressure, temperature and
inert gases on the equilibrium constant. Reaction enthalpies: Vant’Hoff equation. Heterogenous
equillibria: Solubility of poorly soluble salts, common ion effect.
3 hours long
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Course Program
II. SURFACE PHENOMENA
Chapter 10. Adsorption. Generalities. Types of adsorption. Freundlich, Langmuir and BET
isotherms. Gibbs adsorption isotherms: surfactants.
2 hours long
III. CHEMICAL KINETICS
Chapter 11. Simple reactions. Reaction rate concept. Velocity differential equation, order. Reaction
mechanism. Velocity integral equations: 0, 1, 2 and n order reactions. Half-reaction periods.
Determining reaction order: integral and differential methods. Influence of temperature on reaction
rate: Arrhenius theory.
3 hours long
Chapter 12. Complex reactions. Reversible, simultaneous and consecutive reactions. Consecutive
reactions with one reversible step. Steady state regime.
2 hours long
IV. TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Chapter 13. Diffusion. Fick’s 1st Law. Diffusion Coefficient. Einstein-Sutherland Stokes equation.
Fick’s 2nd Law. Determining diffusion coefficient: mobile limit and porous disk methods.
2 hours long
Detailed Course Contents
Practical Programme
Practical 1
Determination of the differential heat of benzoic acid solution
Practical 2
Calculation of the molecular mass of an organic substance by steam distillation
Practical 3
Determination of the molecular mass of a solute by cryoscopy
Practical 4
Determination of the equilibrium constant of a L-L extraction process
Practical 5
Kinetic study of phenolphthalein discoloration in basic media
Basic Bibliography
THOMAS ENGEL, PHILIP REID, WARREN HEHRE. Physical Chemistry. Boston Pearson (3rd
Edition), 2013. ISBN: 978-0-321812-00-1
RAYMOND CHANG. Physical Chemistry for the Chemical and Biological Sciences. Clothbound,
2000. ISBN: 978-1-891389-06-1
Complementary Bibliography
PETER ATKINS, JULIO DE PAULA. Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press (9th Edition), 2009.
ISBN: 978-1-429218-12-2
GILBERT W. CASTELLAN. Physical Chemistry. Addison-Wesley (3rd Edition), 1983. ISBN: 978-0-201103-861
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Other Resources
http://www.whfreeman.com/elements/ (The elements of Physical Chemistry – Peter Atkins).
Web Site for Elements of Physical Chemistry with Applications in Biology, 3e by Peter Atkins. This Web site is designed to
help students review key concepts from the textbook through interactive exercises and learning tools. Resources are
organized by chapter of the textbook and by content type. To access resources, please select a Chapter or Category
below.
Recommendations to Students Taking this Course
The student will follow the Guidelines on togetherness in the Classroom approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences.
The active participation of students in the different training activities proposed is necessary as well as an ongoing
attendance and regular study of the concepts introduced in lectures.
It is advisable to read the manual before teaching of the subject during the lectures as individually solving the problems
posed.
Links to Ongoing Research
The professors of this course have lines of research directly related to its contents, which allow them to
transmit to the students updated information and examples relevant to the subject.
Links to the Profession
Basic course
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