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Name: _______________________________ Date __________________ Period ________ Definition: A usually brief, heavy storm that consists of rain, strong winds, lightning, and thunder How is it formed? Air mass rises until it reaches its dew point, water vapor and air condenses and forms cumulus clouds, warm air continues to rise causing the cloud to grow into a dark cumulonimbus Thunderstorms Conditions: Warm, moist air near the Earth’s surface What is a severe thunderstorm? and an unstable atmosphere (surrounding Can produce one or more of the following air colder than rising air mass) condition: high winds, hail, flash floods, and tornadoes. Safety: You should go inside if possible! If no shelter is available, go inside a car. If you are outside: Stay away from trees, crouch down, and stay away from water (be careful of lightning). Definition: An electric discharge that takes place between 2 oppositely charged surfaces (ex: cloud to ground, cloud to cloud, or between 2 parts of the same large cloud) What happens when it strikes? Energy is released and transferred to the air, causing it to expand rapidly and send out sound waves (thunder) Lightning Where does lighting happen? Between positively charged area and negatively charged area. How is it related to thunder? Thunder is the sound that results from the rapid expansion of the air along the lightning strike Safety: You should go inside if possible! If no shelter is available, go inside a car. If you are outside: Stay away from trees, crouch down, and stay away from water Name: _______________________________ Date __________________ Definition: A destructive rotating column of air that has very high wind speeds is visible as a funnel shaped cloud and touches the ground. Period ________ How is it formed? Wind moving in two directions causes a layer of air to spin; spinning is turned to a vertical position by strong updrafts; spinning column moves to bottom of cumulonimbus cloud and forms funnel cloud; funnel cloud touches ground Tornadoes Characteristics? Is 8 km long and 10 to 60 m wide; Strong spinning winds; wind speeds between 120 and 180 km/h Where/When do they occur? Spring & early Summer when cold, dry air from Canada meets warm, moist air from tropics; 75% occur the US Safety: If a warning, find shelter quickly (basement/cellar) or a windowless room; protect yourself by crouching against a wall and covering the back of your head/neck Definition: Severe Storm that develops over tropical oceans and whose strong winds of more than 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensely low-pressure storm Center How is it formed? Begins as a group of thunderstorms moving over tropical ocean waters; winds traveling in two directions cause storm to spiral; gets energy from water vapor through evaporation Hurricanes Parts of a hurricane: Eye Wall: group of cumulonimbus clouds produce rain and winds Eye: core of warm calm air with low pressure Rain Bands: spiraling bands of clouds beyond the eye wall What is a storm surge? A storm surge is a wall of water that builds up over the ocean because of the strong winds and low atmospheric pressure Safety: May need to evacuate; locate the supply kit; cover windows with plywood and stay indoors Name: _______________________________ Date __________________ Definition: an overflowing of water onto normally dry land Period ________ How is it formed? Floods occur when an area is overwhelmed with water; is most often associated with hurricanes and thunderstorms Floods Characteristics? large amounts of water that pick up everything in it’s way, normal flooding can be predicted ahead of time Where/When do they occur? In relatively low lying areas adjacent to streams and rivers, flash floods can occur almost anywhere due to high amounts of rain, also when dams break, rapid ice melting, beavers with misplaced homes, storm surges Safety: Find a high place to wait out the flood, stay out of flood waters Definition: How is it formed? winter storms are associated with quickly Low temperatures, Cold Fronts, cold dry moving cold fronts and they can produce Canadian Air mass moves south and high winds, very low temperatures plus interacts with a warm moist air mass include blizzards ice storms and large moving north from the Gulf of Mexico accumulations of snow Winter Storm Characteristics? Where/When do they occur? Large amounts of frozen precipitation, Are more common in higher altitudes, dangerous road conditions, and disruption colder locations to everyday life- supplies can be limited. Safety: Have a disaster plan, keep everyday supplies stocked, stay indoors, keep dry, dress warmly, -food provides energy for heat, watch for signs of hypothermia Name: _______________________________ Date __________________ Definition: A strong, turbulent wind that carries clouds of fine dust, soil, and sand over a large area. Period ________ How is it formed? Strong winds blowing over loose soil or sand picking up so much of that material that visibility is greatly reduced Dust Storm Characteristics? They can spread over hundreds of miles and rise over 10,000 feet. They also have wind speeds of at least 25 miles per hour. Where/When do they occur? They happen in any dry area where loose dirt can easily be picked up. Grains of sand tossed into the air by the wind usually fall back down to the ground after a few hours. Smaller bits of particles stay in the air for a week or longer and can be blown thousands of miles away. Safety: Seek shelter, if driving pull off of the road and turn your lights off. Cover mouth, nose and eyes- if able, find high ground. Stay put until the storm has passed.