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Chemistry II, AP
Final Exam – Suggested topics for review
December 2008
All Multiple Choice 85 questions
You will get to use the AP exam equation sheets on the test, but that’s it. So if think you’ll need any additional equations, memorize them. And
don’t forget those solubility rules.
Chapter 1 – Matter, Measure
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Intensive/extensive properties
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Separation techniques
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SI units
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Density relationship, calculations
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Precision/accuracy
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Sig figs
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Dimensional analysis problems
Chapter 2 – Atom, Molecules, Ions
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Atomic theory; experimental situations that led to current ideas
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Atomic structure; protons, neutrons, electrons
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Average atomic mass
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Nomenclature and formula writing (ionic, covalent, acids)
Chapter 3 - Stoichiometry
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Balancing equations
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Types of reactions (combination, decomposition, combustion)
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Percent composition
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Mole conversions (Avogadro’s number, molar mass)
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Empirical/molecular formula problems
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Stoichiometry (calculations with balanced equations)
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Limiting reactant, excess reactant
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Theoretical/percent yield
Chapter 4 - Aqueous solutions
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Electrolytes (strong, weak, non)
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Precipitate formation (solubility rules)
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Double replacement reactions
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Ionic and net ionic equations
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Acid base reactions (neutralization)
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Redox reactions (what’s been ox/red, oxidizing/reducing agent)
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Assign oxidation numbers
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Single replacement reactions (displacement reactions)
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Predicting SR reactions
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Molarity of solutions, use of molarity in stoichiometry
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Dilution
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Titrations and associated calculations
Chapter 5 - Thermochemistry
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Work
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Energy equation, E = q + w
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Endo/exothermic; stoichiometry calculations
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State function
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Enthalpy of reaction
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Calorimetry, q = mcT
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Hess’s Law type problem
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H of formation, use to find H of reaction
Chapter 6 – Electronic structure of the atom
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Use of wave equation, c = 
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EM spectrum
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Planck’s equation, E = hv, quantum concept
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Explanation of line spectra, especially hydrogen
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Calculation of frequency/wavelength as electron falls
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Wave behavior of electron in the atom
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Quantum numbers
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Orbital shapes, energies
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Electron configurations/orbital diagrams (Aufbau, Pauli, Hund); exceptions
Chapter 7 - Periodicity
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Effective nuclear charge
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Atomic radius trends
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Ionic radius trend
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Ionization energy trend
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Electron affinity trend
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Metallic character trend
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Reactions of alkali metals, alkaline earths
Chapter 8 – Bonding
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Lewis dot structure of atoms
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Ionic bonding; metal nonmetal
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Born-Haber cycle problem
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Lattice energy factors
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Electron configuration of ions
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Covalent bonds; nonmetals
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Lewis structures
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Electronegativity trend
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Polar bonds
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Formal charge
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Resonance
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H of reaction from bond enthalpies
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Bond strength, bond length
Chapter 9 – Molecular Geometry
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Molecular geometries
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Bond angles
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Polarity of molecule
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Hybridization
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Sigma and pi bonds
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Delocalized bonding
Chapter 10 – Gases
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Gas law relationships (Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro)
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Ideal gas law, calculations, conditions for ideal behavior
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Root mean square velocity
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Kinetic molecular theory
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Graham’s law of Effusion
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Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
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Gas Density
Chapter 11 – IMF, Liquids, and Solids
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van der Waals forces (dipole-dipole, H-bonding, Dispersion (induced dipole))
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Intermolecular forces and …boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, viscosity, surface tension, states of matter
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Phase diagrams
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Phase changes, terms, endo/exothermic
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Heating curve calculations; heat loss – heat gain problem
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Vapor pressure/temperature relationship
o Clausius-Clapyron relationship
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Different types of solids (metallic, ionic, covalent network, molecular)
Chapter 21 - Nuclear
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Types of radioactivity decay
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Nuclear equations (decay, bombardment, fission, fusion)
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Predict mode of decay based on n/p ratio
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Half-life problems
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Energy changes in nuclear reactions (binding energy, energy of fission/fusion)
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Nuclear reactor components
Chapter 25 – Organic
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Naming compounds and writing formulas – organic
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Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
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Isomers
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Hydrocarbon reactions (combustion, addition, substitution)
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Aromatic compounds (benzene, ortho, meta, para)
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Functional group recognition (alcohol, ether, amine, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester)
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Compound name/formula (alcohol, acid, ester)