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Transcript
outline of brain organization
forebrain
telencephalon
cerebrum layered cortex, deep nuclei and association tracts; sensation, voluntary motor,
olfaction, vision, hearing, emotions, memory, language, associations
cortical areas:
prefrontal
frontal Broca's area - efferent
precentral
central sulcus
postcentral
parietal Wernicke's area - afferent
lateral sulcus
temporal Wernicke's area - afferent
occipital vision
basal ganglia
routine repetitive motor tasks
caudate nucleus, lenticular nuclei (= corpus striatum)
limbic system emotions, memory, language, associations
amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, etc.
midbrain
diencephalon
thalamus relay and processing between spinal cord and cerebrum
hypothalamus vegetative functions
hypophysis (pituitary) endocrine
mesencephalon
tectum visual and auditory spatial reflexes
superior and inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)
tegmentum oculomotor complex, cerebral peduncles and deep nuclei (relay cerebrum cerebellum)
hindbrain
metencephalon
cerebellum layered cortex and deep nuclei, motor coordination (tuning by inhibition)
pons cerebellar decussation and pontine reticular formation
myelencephalon
medulla oblongata similar to spinal cord, cranial nerve nuclei, tracts and decussations,
vegetative functions (sleep/wakefulness, vomite center, vestibular and cochlear nuclei,
vagal nuclei)
ventricles:
lateral paired, in forebrain, curve along with caudate nucleus and fornix around lenticular nuclei,
internal capsule and thalamus
foramen of Monroe
third ventricle midline, between right and left diencephalon
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle midline, between cerebellum and brainstem
spinal tracts to know:
dorsal columns
fasciculus gracilis
fasciculus cuneatus
spinocerebellar tracts (dorsal and ventral)
spinothalamic tracts (ventral and lateral)
corticospinal tracts (ventral and lateral)
where are these located in cross sections of the spinal cord?
are these afferent or efferent tracts?
what information do they convey?
are their projections contralateral or ipsilateral?
also be familiar with:
rubrospinal tract
tectospinal tract
olivospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract
are these afferent or efferent tracts?
what information do they convey?
peripheral nerves to know by location and function:
brachial plexus (C5-T1)
musculocutaneous n.
median n.
ulnar n.
radial n.
axillary n.
lumbosacral plexus (L2-S3)
femoral n. (L2-L4)
obturator n. (L2-L4)
sciatic n. (L4-S3)
tibial n.
common peroneal n.