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Greek City States: Athens vs. Sparta • 621 BCE Draco develops legal system in which all Athenians (rich or poor) were equal under the law • 594 BCE Solon outlaws debt slavert for citizens • 500 BCE Cleisthenes organizes citizens into ten groups based on where they lived rather than wealth • Allows Assembly to submit laws for debate • Creates the Council of 500 to advise the Assembly and propose laws to be voted on Athenian Government: Road to Democracy • Three main bodies • Assembly ALL Athenian citizens allowed to vote and debate laws • Council of 500 chosen at random- could be ANY Athenian citizen • People’s Court • Citizenship • Males, 18 years or older, Athenian, landowners • Excludes women, slaves, and Metics (Greeks not born in Athens) Athenian government: Road to Democracy • 4 main branches • Assembly • Voted on laws, elected officials • Composed of ALL Spartan Citizens • Council of Elders • Made up of 30 older citizens • Proposed laws for the Assembly to vote on • Five Officials • Carried out the laws • Controlled education • Prosecuted court cases • Two Kings ruled over military Spartan Government: Military State • Citizens people descended from original inhabitants of Sparta • Could participate in government • Could own land • Spent their life serving Spartan military • Free Non-Citizens born somewhere else in Greece. Could own businesses but could not participate in government • Helots conquered people, or slaves. Worked in the fields or as house servants Spartan Social Order • Education available for sons of wealthy families began at age 7 • Centered around the idea of good citizenship • Classes in reading, writing, public speaking, logic, history, and math (needed to be good speakers and debaters in the Assembly) • Spent time in Athletic and military training as well, to be able to defend Athens • Took classes in Sculpture, poetry, music, literature using the mind to create beauty was valued in Athens Education: Athens • Boys left home for military barracks at age 7 • Stayed there until the age of 30 • Education in the barracks consisted of marching, battle tactics, fight training • NO individual expression- Spartan boys were one of the group • Did not value the arts, literature, or intellectual pursuits • Emphasis on developing “toughness” • Wore no shoes and light tunics • slept without blankets on hard benches • Meals= porridge; boys were encouraged to steal food if still hungry produced resourceful soldiers Education: Sparta • Girls did not attend school • Educated at home learned to make clothes, cook, manage a household, raise kids • Some women did learn to read and write, but overall, women kept out of Athenian society • NOT citizens, could not participate in government Women: Athens • Spartan girls received military training • Played sports, wrestled, ran • Considerable Freedom • Allowed to run the home and business while men were at war • Service to Sparta over Service to Family • Tough girls gave birth to tough soldiers Women: Sparta