Download Part 01 Leadership Variables

Part 01 - Leadership Variables
Part 01
Leadership Variables
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 16) Historically, researchers have focused upon two main theories of leadership
effectiveness: _____ and ____.
A. Ancient and modern
B. Male and female
C. Centralized and decentralized
D. Trait and behavior
E. Time-sensitive and timeless
Level: Medium
2. (p. 16) Almost always listed as important for leadership success is/are ____.
A. Basic intelligence
B. Clear and strong values
C. High level of personal energy
D. All of the above
E. Training
Level: Medium
3. (p. 19) In ____, a classic study of leadership _____ was conducted by ____.
A. 1989; contingencies; Ken Blanchard
B. 1969; qualities; Peter Drucker
C. 1949; environment; Elton Mayo
D. 1939; behavior; Kurt Lewin
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
4. (p. 19) In ____, Ralph Stogdill and others at _____ evaluated leadership effectiveness based
upon _____ and ____. At about the same time, _____ and others at University of Michigan
studied _____ and _____ leadership.
A. 1945; Ohio State University; initiating structure and consideration; Rensis Likert; jobcentered and employee-centered
B. 1955; Stanford University; time and place; Abraham Maslow; motivation and personality
C. 1965; Harvard University; education and experience; W. Edwards Deming; technical
process and eclectic
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
5. (p. 25) Leadership effectiveness depends upon _____ of leaders, _____ of followers, and the
_____ of the situation.
A. Timing; pulse; memory
B. Age; number; notification
C. Height; weight; length
D. Qualities; characteristics; nature
E. Gender; race; training
Level: Medium
6. (p. 27) Psychologist David McClelland states that leaders do not use _____ and ______;
leaders arouse _____ in followers.
A. Envy and spite; skill
B. Prestige and position; desire
C. Ability and drive; hope
D. Intimidation and force; confidence
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
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7. (p. 27) Vince Lombardi had a _____ personality; his followers' goal was to be equal to their
understanding of his ____.
A. Schizophrenic; needs
B. Mercurial; orders
C. Stoic; desires
D. Charismatic; values and goals
E. Difficult; deficiencies
Level: Medium
8. (p. 28) Transformational leaders use _____ and _____ to raise the performance of followers.
A. Optimism and charm
B. Knowledge and skill
C. Preparation and perseverance
D. Energy and motion
E. Education and practice
Level: Medium
9. (p. 30) Qualities belonging potentially to everyone, but possessed more fully by leaders,
include all of the following except ____.
A. Vision and enthusiasm
B. Stability and concern for others
C. Self-confidence and persistence
D. Vitality and integrity
E. Hearing and size
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
10. (p. 30) Antoine de Saint-Exupéry spoke to the ____, when he said, "A rock pile ceases to be
a rock pile the moment a single man contemplates it, bearing within him the image of a
cathedral."
A. Imaginative nature of vision
B. Fact that all great leaders are builders
C. Principle that only a man can be a leader
D. Need for leading from a sound foundation
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
11. (p. 30) _____ is an example of a visionary statement by ____.
A. "Seek first to understand"; Will Rogers
B. "Where do you want to go today?"; Bill Gates
C. "A mechanic in the White House"; Ross Perot
D. "Make my day"; Clint Eastwood
E. "A chicken in every pot"; Martha Stewart
Level: Medium
12. (p. 31) Regarding the importance of enthusiasm for leadership effectiveness, _____ said,
"Good work is never done in cold blood; heat is needed to forge anything. Every great
achievement is the story of a flaming heart."
A. Martin Luther King
B. George Patton
C. Harry Truman
D. Colin Powell
E. Eleanor Roosevelt
Level: Medium
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13. (p. 31) Problems with ____, ____, and _____ are fertile fields for emotional instability that
can reduce leadership effectiveness.
A. Methods, procedures, and processes
B. Plant, equipment, and supplies
C. Products, environment, and government
D. Alcohol, money, and relationships
E. Education, liquidation, and infiltration
Level: Medium
14. (p. 31) Concern for others requires _____ and ____, and the result is ____, which is the
foundation of ____.
A. Experience and fortitude; learning; survival
B. Patience and listening; trust; loyalty
C. Discussion and contemplation; education; expression
D. Time and place; emotion; community
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
15. (p. 31) According to Roger Staubach, the key to self-confidence is ____.
A. The leader's natural-born talent
B. The support of caring teammates
C. How hard the leader works
D. Opportunity and position
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
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16. (p. 31) About effective leadership, _____ said, "Nothing in life just happens. It isn't enough
to just believe in something. You have to have perseverance to meet obstacles and overcome
them, to struggle."
A. Winston Churchill
B. Martin Luther King
C. Henry Ford
D. Abraham Lincoln
E. Golda Meier
Level: Medium
17. (p. 32) Even if the spirit is willing, _____ and _____ are needed to fulfill the tasks of
leadership. The leader needs ____.
A. Strength and stamina; vitality
B. Money and machines; planning
C. Manpower and methods; organization
D. Order and materials; control
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
18. (p. 32) ____, ____, and _____ are traits found in charismatic leaders.
A. Education, opportunity, and attention to detail
B. Training, sensitivity, and patience
C. Experience, collaboration, and emotional stability
D. Optimism, extroversion, and a sense of adventure
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
19. (p. 32) The most important quality of leadership is ____, including _____ and ____.
A. Knowledge; on-the-job learning and formal education
B. Motivation; desire and effort
C. Integrity; honesty and courage
D. Decisiveness; information finding and willingness to take orders
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
20. (p. 15) _____ once said, "The ear of the leader must ring with the voices of the people.
Together they rise to the challenge of the day."
A. George Patton
B. Will Durant
C. Kurt Lewin
D. Woodrow Wilson
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
21. (p. 37) Characteristics of followers that influence the leadership process are _____ and
____.
A. Race and gender
B. Respect for authority and interpersonal trust
C. Past mistakes and future plans
D. Abstract reasoning and concrete experience
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
22. (p. 37) Successful leaders today function more as _____ and ____, and less as ______ and
____.
A. Facilitators and teachers; enforcers and disciplinarians
B. Experts and performers; coaches and guides
C. Goal-directed and bottom-line oriented; considerate and supportive
D. Tellers and doers; askers and helpers
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
23. (p. 37) In ____, Stuart Levine and Michael Crom write about building trust in the workplace.
His prescription includes ____, ____, and ____.
A. "Habits of the Heart"; respect society's rules, trust in time, and end bitterness
B. "The Road Less Traveled"; never travel alone, always take a friend, and be dependable
C. "A Great Place to Work"; do what you love, lend a helping hand, and be considerate
D. "Leading the Way"; deal openly with everyone, keep promises, and care about people
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
24. (p. 43) _____ describes contemporary patterns of work that challenge the skills of today's
leaders, including ____, ____, and ____.
A. Margaret Wheatley; contextual, sequential, and organizational
B. Laurie Beth Jones; ongoing, intermittent, and one-time-only
C. Herb Kelleher; speed, potency, and customer-related
D. Robert Reich; knowledge work, technical skill, and group interaction
E. Charles Handy; working at home, flextime, and independent contractors
Level: Medium
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25. (p. 44) In general, when work to be done is ____, ____, and ____, a(n) _____ and _____
leadership approach is best.
A. Immediate, consequential, and technical; aggressive, and directive
B. Clear-cut, routine, and monotonous; non-directive, and supportive
C. Caused by errors, high profile, and high-energy; high maintenance, and no-nonsense
D. New or dangerous, traditional, and person-centered; soft, and understanding
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
26. (p. 49) If you have _____ intelligence, you have the ability to deal with people; if you have
musical-rhythmic intelligence, you appreciate _____ and ____.
A. Intrapersonal; sculpting and surgery
B. Verbal/linguistic; logical reasoning and exploring patterns
C. Musical/rhythmic; saying words and using your body
D. Interpersonal; pitch and rhythm
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
27. (p. 50) The concept of _____ is relevant to leadership development because leadership
effectiveness is in direct proportion to _____ and ____, which come from within the person.
A. Multiple intelligence; commitment and passion
B. Hand grip; size and strength
C. Interpersonal attraction; identification and need
D. Political alliance; confidence and pride
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
28. (p. 53) _____ advocated a _____ style of leadership and _____ advocated a _____ style of
leadership.
A. Jefferson; directive; Eisenhower; non-directive
B. Machiavelli; directive; Lao-Tzu; non-directive
C. Eisenhower; directive; Patton; non-directive
D. Lao-Tzu; directive; Elizabeth I; non-directive
E. Patton; directive; Jefferson; non-directive
Level: Medium
29. (p. 55) Increasingly, the American workplace is becoming ____, ____, and ____.
A. Contemplative, rule-based, and quality conscious
B. Moderate, rational, and organized
C. Fast-paced, culturally diverse, and global
D. Customer driven, finance focused, and geography-bound
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
30. (p. 55) Over time, the shift in emphasis for business success has been from _____ to ____.
A. Communities to systems
B. Command and control to relationship management
C. Innovation to hierarchy
D. Team building to skill building
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
31. (p. 54) Participative followers _____ such management practices as regular staff meetings,
the open door policy, sharing concern for people's feelings.
A. Oppose
B. Avoid
C. Dislike
D. Prefer
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
32. (p. 54) _____ describes how difficult the leader's job can be: "since no important decision
ever pleases everyone in an organization, the leader must also absorb the displeasure, and
sometimes the severe hostility, of those who would have taken a different course."
A. Peter Drucker
B. Margaret Wheatley
C. Chris Argyris
D. Douglas McGregor
E. Ken Blanchard
Level: Medium
33. (p. 16) Trait leadership theory makes the assumption that distinctive _____ and _____
characteristics account for leadership effectiveness.
A. Physical and cognitive
B. Cognitive and emotional
C. Physical and psychological
D. Values and psychological
E. None of the above
Level: Medium
34. (p. 32) _____ is a special personal quality that generates others' interest and causes them to
follow.
A. Vitality
B. Charisma
C. Integrity
D. Stability
Level: Medium
35. (p. 33) _____ is understood as honesty, strength of character, and courage.
A. Vitality
B. Charisma
C. Integrity
D. Stability
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
36. (p. 55) Successful leaders today must master challenges such as _____ and ____, as well as
traditional duties such as _____ and ____.
A. Purchasing and inventory control; staffing, and accounting
B. Advertising and sales; engineering and production
C. Office politics and re-engineering; work design and wage administration
D. Giving orders and quality control; public speaking and report writing
E. Developing people and doing the right things; organizing work and implementing plans
Level: Medium
37. (p. 37) Characteristics of followers that influence the leadership process are _____ and
____.
A. Vision and enthusiasm
B. Respect for authority and interpersonal trust
C. Integrity and charisma
D. Persistence and concern for others
Level: Medium
38. (p. 49) Different kinds of intelligence include all of the following except:
A. Verbal/linguistic
B. Logical/mathematical
C. Visual/spatial
D. Bodily/kinesthetic
E. Memory/recall
Level: Medium
39. (p. 27) A transformational leader does all but which of the following:
A. Develops a vision that is compelling to followers
B. Articulates a strategy for bringing vision to life
C. Builds momentum by recognizing progress
D. Demonstrates character by setting an example
E. Takes credit for the accomplishments of others
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
40. (p. 27) In the passage, "He Made Me Feel Important," Vince Lombardi influenced his
players because of his:
A. Physical size
B. Charismatic personality
C. Native intelligence
D. Personal insecurity
E. Job knowledge
Level: Medium
41. (p. 28) Qualities of transformational leaders include:
A. Determination, diligence, and attention to detail
B. Perception, persistence, and practical-mindedness
C. Bravery, strength, and technical expertise
D. Consideration, compassion, and reliability
E. Optimism, charm, and intelligence
Level: Medium
42. (p. 50) An important factor in determining leadership effectiveness is _____ based on
preferred styles of leading and following.
A. The number used
B. Income and geography
C. Size and distance
D. Leader-follower compatibility
E. All of the above
Level: Medium
43. (p. 25) Select the answer that best describes the quality of the leader, characteristic of the
follower, and nature of the situation most conducive to leadership taking place.
A. Selfishness, mistrust, emergency
B. Intelligence, experience, despair
C. Humanism, anger, routine
D. Self-confidence, obedience, confusion
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
44. (p. 25) Key factors in determining leadership effectiveness include:
A. Time, space, energy
B. Qualities of leaders, characteristics of followers, nature of the situation
C. Age, experience, gender
D. Government, business, industry
Level: Medium
45. (p. 43) Situational factors that influence the leadership process include:
A. Size of the organization
B. Social and psychological climate
C. Employment patterns
D. Type, place, purpose of work performed
E. All of the above
Level: Medium
46. (p. 16) Edwin Ghisselli's six traits for effective leadership includes all but which of the
following:
A. Need for achievement
B. Intelligence
C. Decisiveness
D. Self-confidence
E. Social status
Level: Medium
47. (p. 30) All of the following are important qualities of leadership except:
A. Ability
B. Stability
C. Persistence
D. Charisma
E. Seniority
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
48. (p. 37) Causes of reduced willingness to trust in American society include the following:
A. Breakdown of traditional family structure
B. Decline of social structures such as church and school
C. Lack of shared community values, focus on self-satisfaction
D. Influential leaders putting self-gain above the public good
E. All of the above
Level: Medium
49. (p. 43) All of the following are factors that influence the nature of the situation or the context
of leadership except:
A. Type of work performed
B. Size of organization
C. Social climate
D. Employee wages
Level: Medium
50. (p. 52) The participative style of leading and following is:
A. Leader-centered decision-making
B. Follower-centered decision-making
C. Leader and followers share decision-making
D. Follow the leader
Level: Medium
51. (p. 52) If a decision is important, and the leader has little confidence in the judgment of
subordinates, the leader is more likely to be:
A. Directive
B. Participative
C. Free-rein
D. Over the top
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
52. (p. 52) The three styles of leadership are:
A. High, low, middle
B. Directive, participative, free-rein
C. Traditional, modern, new wave
Level: Medium
53. (p. 16) Ghiselli identified six traits as being important for effective leadership. Which of the
following is not one of them?
A. Supervisory ability
B. Initiative
C. Intelligence
D. Strong ego
Level: Medium
54. (p. 25) The cornerstone of Shackleton's leadership behavior included all but one of the
following:
A. Leading by example
B. Communicating a vision
C. Keeping records
D. Maintaining a positive attitude
Level: Medium
55. (p. 57) Todd McFarlane's leadership success could be traced to:
A. Business location and financial management
B. Willingness to take a risk and focus on what he could control
C. Start up capital and delegation skills
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
True / False Questions
56. (p. 26) In the case study, Mr. Black, Ms. Blue, and Mr. White, their leadership performance
problems were poor time management, bullying behavior, and lack of job knowledge.
FALSE
Level: Easy
57. (p. 35) Negative behaviors that harm leader effectiveness include: incompetence, rigidity,
intemperance, callousness, corruption, and cruelty.
TRUE
Level: Easy
58. (p. 49) Seven kinds of intelligence have been identified including: verbal-linguistic, musicalrhythmic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, and
interpersonal.
TRUE
Level: Easy
59. (p. 52) Characteristic of the directive style of leadership is follower-centered decisionmaking, while the participative style utilizes shared decision-making.
FALSE
Level: Medium
60. (p. 53) The best style of leadership depends on qualities of the leader, characteristics of
followers, and the nature of the situation.
TRUE
Level: Medium
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
61. (p. 43) The nature of the situation can have significant influence on the leadership process.
TRUE
Level: Medium
62. (p. 41) Some people are more trusting and therefore more easily led than others.
TRUE
Level: Medium
63. (p. 19) Behavioral leadership theory assumes that there are distinctive actions that effective
leaders take.
TRUE
Level: Medium
64. (p. 25) Factors conducive to leadership change from leader to leader, follower to follower,
and situation to situation.
TRUE
Level: Medium
65. (p. 25) Explorer Ernest Shakeleton's leadership success was based upon four cornerstones 1) leadership by example; 2) communicating a vision; 3) keeping up morale; and 4)
maintaining a positive attitude.
TRUE
Level: Easy
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
66. (p. 27) R.J. House identifies the characteristics of charismatic leaders as being experienced,
having technical knowledge, and having a strong need for control.
FALSE
Level: Easy
67. (p. 29) James MacGregor Burns identifies Gandhi as an example of a transactional leader.
FALSE
Level: Easy
68. (p. 44) Crystallized intelligence represents one's lifetime of intellectual attainment, while
fluid intelligence is defined as mental flexibility as shown by the ability to solve problems in
novel situations.
TRUE
Level: Easy
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Part 01 - Leadership Variables
Matching Questions
69. Match the items below with their descriptions:
1. Deal openly with anyone, consider all
points of views, keep promises, care
about people
2. Ralph Stogdill
3. Intelligence, values, energy
4. Initiating structure, showing
consideration
5. Transformational leadership
6. Trait
7. Kurt Lewin
8. Behavior
9. Size of the organization, psychological
climate, patterns of employment, type
and purpose of the work performed
10. Respect for authority, interpersonal
trust
11. Contingency Theory
12. Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
or (free-rein)
13. Vision, ability, concern for people,
persistence, vitality, integrity
14. Art
a theoretical emphasis in
leadership studies 6
a theoretical emphasis in
leadership studies 8
important leadership traits 3
styles of leadership
leadership styles theorist
dimensions of leadership
leadership dimensions theorist
leadership effectiveness depends
upon qualities of leaders,
characteristics of followers, the
nature of the situation
the ability to elevate follower's
performance beyond previous
expectations
12
7
4
2
11
5
qualities that mark a leader 13
factors of followers that
influence the leadership process 10
principles for developing trust 1
situational factors influencing
the leadership process 9
the nature of effective
leadership 14
Level: Difficult
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