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Problemset Title Introductory Text Self-Study Quiz Question 1 Pollutants crossing national boundaries impose external costs because ________________. Hint: Chapter 16, Introduction Type: Multiple Choice By Elizabeth Wheaton Feedback for Look at the problems with controlling cross-national all boundary pollutants. incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback only pollution emitters bear the cost of Incorrect Who else bears the the pollution cost of pollution? Question 2 Type: Multiple Choice only third parties on the other side of the national boundary bear the cost of the pollution Incorrect Who else bears the cost of pollution? many parties on both sides of a national border bear the cost of the pollution Correct only third parties in the countries where the pollution is being emitted bear the cost of pollution Incorrect Who else bears the cost of pollution? Correct! Which of the following is correct when dealing with cross-boundary pollution? Hint: Chapter 16, Introduction Feedback for Look at the problems of controlling cross-boundary all pollution. incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Proper incentives are in place for emitters and political jurisdictions to control cross-boundary pollution. Incorrect Look again at the problems of crossboundary pollution. The relationships between the problems Incorrect Look again at the of cross-boundary pollution and the problems of crosseffectiveness of strategies to eliminate boundary the problems are clear. pollution. Political jurisdictions, lack of proper Correct Correct! incentives, and scientific uncertainty all add to the complexity of solving the problem of cross-boundary pollution. Decisions about most efficient ways to Incorrect Look again at the deal with cross-boundary pollution can problems of crossbe delayed until the future. boundary pollution. Question 3 Why are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) almost totally banned by the U.S. EPA? Type: Hint: Chapter 16, The Precedent: Reducing Ozone-Depleting Multiple Choice Gases Feedback for Look at the definition of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback CFCs create pollution in the stratosphere. Incorrect Look again at the description of CFCs. CFCs cause nonmelanoma skin Incorrect CFCs can indirectly cancer in persons who come into promote nonmelanoma direct contact with them. skin cancer. CFCs are gases that deplete the stratospheric ozone shield. Correct Correct! Many people are allergic to CFCs. Incorrect Look again at the description of CFCs. Question 4 Regarding the current and likely impact of rising temperatures, rising sea levels, and more intense storms from global pollution, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found that Type: Multiple Choice ______________________. Hint: Chapter 16, The Science of Climate Change Feedback for Look at the evidence presented by the all Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback coastal populations will be exposed to more flooding and erosion Correct Correct! current physical and Incorrect Physical and biological biological systems have been systems have already been unaffected by climate change affected. all natural systems that are Incorrect Some natural systems will be vulnerable to climate change irreversibly damaged. will be irreversibly damaged developed countries are expected to experience the most severe effects of climate Incorrect Developing countries have fewer resources to commit to adapting to climate change. Question 5 Free-rider problems affect actions to moderate global climate change in all of the following ways EXCEPT __________________. Type: Hint: Chapter 16, Negotiations over Climate Change Policy: Multiple Choice Game Theory as a Window on Climate Negotiations Feedback for What is a free rider and how does a free rider affect a all public action? incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback they cause emissions to be abnormally high Incorrect This is an effect of a free-rider action. they increase the cost the of climate change Correct they inhibit investment in research and development Incorrect This is an effect of a free-rider action. they inhibit the participation of nations in the climate-change agreements Incorrect This is an effect of a free-rider action. Correct! Question 6 Which of the following was NOT a problem encountered in negotiations over climate-change policy options? Type: Hint: Chapter 16, Negotiations over Climate-Change Policy Multiple Choice Options Feedback for Look at the information on negotiations over climateall change policy options. incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Some countries, including the Incorrect This was a problem U.S., were reluctant to go encountered in negotiations along with emission charges. over climate-change policy options. Concerns over the magnitude Incorrect This was a problem and distribution of revenue from emission charges. encountered in negotiations over climate-change policy options. Governments didn't want the responsibility of collecting the tax revenue. Correct Correct! Firms were concerned with the financial burden of harmonized national taxes. Incorrect This was a problem encountered in negotiations over climate-change policy options. Question 7 The Kyoto Protocol authorized three cooperative implementation mechanisms. Which of the following was NOT one of the three authorized? Type: Multiple Choice Hint: Chapter 16, Negotiations over Climate Change Policy: Game Theory as a Window on Climate Negotiations Feedback for Look at information on the Kyoto Protocol. all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Mitigation Correct Correct! Emissions trading Incorrect This is one of the mechanisms used by the Kyoto Protocol. Clean Development Mechanism Incorrect This is one of the mechanisms used by the Kyoto Protocol. Joint implementation Incorrect This is one of the mechanisms used by the Kyoto Protocol. Question 8 Which of the following is a reason(s) that benefit-cost studies for controlling climate change typically suggest a “go slow” or “wait-andsee” policy? Type: Multiple Choice Hint: Chapter 16, Policy Timing Feedback for Look at the discussion on policy timing. all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Both energy-using and energyproducing capital are long-lived. Incorrect What other reason exists for this policy recommendation? The benefits from current control Incorrect What other reason are experienced well into the future, while the costs occur now. None of these are correct. exists for this policy recommendation? Incorrect Look again at the description of policy timing. It is true that energy-using and Correct energy-producing capital are both long-lived and the benefits from current control are experienced well into the future, while the costs occur now. Correct! Question 9 Which of the following are concerns relating to greenhouse gas emission trading? Type: Hint: Chapter 16, Providing Context: A Brief Look at Three Multiple Choice Illustrative Carbon Pricing Programs, Cost Savings Feedback for Look at the information on emissions trading and all controversies. incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Many countries do not Incorrect Caring about greenhouse gas care about greenhouse emissions is not the problem, but gas emissions. rather being willing to do something about them. Monitoring and Correct enforcing international agreements is difficult. Correct! Monitoring and enforcing domestic laws and regulations. Incorrect These laws and regulations are the responsibility of individual nations. The presence of surplus allowances raises prices. Incorrect Surpluses lead to lower prices. Question 10 Which branch of economics has been used to study what mechanisms can be used to encourage participation despite the fact that there is a free-rider problem when dealing with climate change issues? Type: Multiple Choice Hint: Chapter 16, Negotiations over Climate Change Policy: Characterizing the Broad Strategies Feedback for Look at information on creating incentives for all participating in climate-change agreements. incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Labor economics Incorrect Labor economics looks primarily at labor markets and labor-related issues. Environmental economics Incorrect Look back at the definition of Environmental Economics in your textbook. Game theory Correct International economics Incorrect International economics looks primarily at the product and services markets between different nations and the issues surrounding those markets. Correct!