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Wildlife Management and Invasive NonNative Species Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) COI Job No: 288768 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) April 2009/ Job No. 567/ Version 4 Prepared for: The COI, on behalf of its client, the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the GB NonNative Species Secretariat Creative Research Ltd 43 Broadway, London W13 9BP Phone: 020 8567 6974 Fax: 020 8567 6979 Email: [email protected] www.creativeresearch.co.uk Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: GENERAL PUBLIC 143 1.1 Recruitment Questionnaire 143 1.2 Discussion Guide 150 1.3 Stimulus Material 155 THE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: ANGLERS 189 2.1 Recruitment Questionnaire 189 2.2 Discussion Guide 194 2.3 Stimulus 199 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: TRADE REPRESENTATIVES 205 3.1 Discussions Guides 205 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: THE GENERAL PUBLIC 212 4.1 Structuring the Sample 212 4.2 The Interview 236 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: ANGLERS 265 5.1 The Interview 265 THE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: HORTICULTURAL RETAILERS 275 6.1 The Questionnaire 275 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 1 Qualitative Research: General Public 1.1 Recruitment Questionnaire Wildlife Management & INNS Hello, I'm ..........................from Creative Research, an independent market research company. I wonder if you would be interested in taking part in some market research we are conducting. It involves taking part in a discussion with other people like yourself, to share views and ideas. This would last for up to 3 hours. In return for your time, I can offer you £60 as a contribution towards your expenses. KEY DEMOGRAPHICS D1 SOCIAL GRADE OCCUPATION OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: ASK THE FOLLOWING FIVE QUESTIONS TO CLARIFY HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION: IF RETIRED, ASK FOR PREVIOUS OCCUPATION, IF PRIVATE PENSION RECEIVED IF LOCAL AUTHORITY OR CIVIL SERVICE OR ARMED FORCES, ASK GRADE/RANK IF SELF-EMPLOYED OR MANAGERIAL, ASK FOR NO. OF EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBLE FOR ASK FOR DETAILS OF TRAINING/QUALIFICATIONS INDUSTRY (WRITE IN) NOW CODE SOCIAL CLASS ABC1 1 Recruit to quota Lifestage: see recruiter instructions for definitions C2DE 2 Recruit to quota Ethnicity: code below Dependent young people 1 G1&2 White 1 Young independent adults 2 G3&4 Black/Asian/Other 2 Families 3 G5&6 Children: code below the number of children the respondent has in each age band Empty Nesters 4 G7&8 0-12 Retired 5 G9&10 12-16 Recruit a mix Recruit to quota Gender Circle Group number: Male 1 G1,3,5,7,9 G1 Dependent young people male ABC1 Female 2 G2,4,6,8,10 G2 Dependent young people female C2DE Age: write in and code below ____________________ G3 Young independent adults male C2DE 16-20 1 G4 Young independent adults female ABC1 21-34 2 G5 Families male C2DE 35-44 3 G6 Families female ABC1 45-54 4 G7 Empty Nesters male ABC1 55-64 5 G8 Empty Nesters female C2DE 65+ 6 G9 Retired male ABC1 G10 Retired female C2DE Marital Status: code below Single/separated/divorced/ widowed 1 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 143 SCREENING S1. SHOW CARD A Can I just check, do you or any of your immediate family work in any of the following professions or occupations? Market Research or Marketing 1 Public Relations or Journalism 2 Advertising 3 4 Directly involved in Wildlife Management CLOSE None of these S2a. Have you ever attended a GROUP DISCUSSION or IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW before? No 1 GO TO Q1 Yes 2 GO TO S2b S2c. How long ago was that? S2b. CLOSE 5 CONTINUE What was the subject under discussion? IF PREVIOUS SUBJECT RELATED TO THIS PROJECT, THANK & CLOSE. OTHERWISE ASK Q2c S2d How many group discussions & depth interviews have you attended in the last 3 years? Less than 6 months 1 THANK & CLOSE 1-6 1 GO TO Q1 More than 6 months ago 2 GO TO S2d 7 or more 2 THANK & CLOSE INTERVIEWER DECLARATION I DECLARE THAT THIS IS A TRUE RECORD OF A FACE TO FACE INTERVIEW WITH THE NAMED RESPONDENT WHICH WAS CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS AND THE CODE OF CONDUCT. SIGNATURE:_____________________________________________________________ PRINT NAME:____________________________________________________________ DATE:_____________________________ METHOD OF RECRUITMENT FROM CLIENT-SUPPLIED LISTS FROM RECRUITER’S DATABASE SNOWBALLING FREE FOUND (In Street/House to house etc) OTHER (PLEASE WRITE IN):______________________________________________________________________________ Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 144 Y Close N Continue Animal Welfare Organisations (such as the RSPCA or Cats Protection League) 1 Ask Q1c. & Q1d. Wildlife organisations (such as the RSPB or local wildlife trust) 2 Ask Q1c. & Q1d. None of the above 3 Go to Q2a. Y Close N Continue Q1a. Are you a member or an active supporter of Animal rights organisations (such as the League Against Cruel Sports or Animal Aid) Q1b. Are you a member of…(read out) Q1c. Which organisation(s) do you belong to? (list below) NB See recruiter instructions Q1d. Ask for each organisation listed in Q1c: Are you actively involved in [name of organisation]? Q2a Ask G1 & G2: Do your parents have or are they responsible for a garden? Y Recruit to Quota N Q2b. Ask G3-10: Do you have or are you responsible for a garden? Y Recruit to Quota N Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 145 Give Respondent Show Card B and read out The group discussion or interview you take part in will be audio recorded and a transcript will be prepared. This card describes how the information you provide will be used and the steps that will be taken to protect your confidentiality. Please sign below to indicate your agreement with this procedure. Name:_________________________________________ Signature:______________________________________ Date:________________________ Occasionally, once a project is completed we may need to re-contact people who take part in a research study either to follow up something that has arisen or to invite them to participate in some research on a new topic. Would you be willing for us to contact you in the future, should the need arise? YES NO [ ] [ ] Record contact details below Explain that you need to record the respondent's contact details so that they can be contacted in the event of a change of plans (e.g. the moderator is ill) and also for quality control procedures. Reassure respondents that this information will only be used for these purposes. RESPONDENT DETAILS REASSURE RESPONDENTS THAT NO PERSONAL DETAILS OR RESPONSES WILL BE PASSED ON TO ANYONE NOT DIRECTLY CONCERNED WITH THE RESEARCH. NAME:______________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS:___________________________________________________________________Postcode________________________________ PHONE NO: NO PHONE ( ) REFUSED NO ( ) SHOW CARD A Market Research or Marketing Public Relations Journalism Advertising Directly involved in Wildlife Management Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 146 SHOW CARD B The Data Protection Act requires that we collect and use the information you provide to us in a manner that respects and protects your confidentiality. Your personal details (name, address, phone number) will not be disclosed to anyone else without your permission other than Creative Research, the company carrying out the research. In most cases the recordings/transcripts will be heard/read only by the transcriber and researchers from the research company. The recordings/transcripts will only be listened to/read for research purposes and only to pursue the aims of the study. Excerpts from the recordings/transcripts may be used to illustrate the research findings. This will always be done in a way to protect your identity (e.g. comments will not be attributed). The recordings/transcripts will not be used for non-research purposes, such as promotion or direct sales activities. In exceptional cases the recordings/transcripts will be listened to/read by people from the client organisation working on this project. In these circumstances, we will go through the material first to delete any references to people's names or anything else that could identify them. Anyone from the client organisation who listens to/reads the recordings/transcripts will sign an undertaking that they will respect the anonymity of those taking part. Thus, if anyone recognises you, (s)he will immediately stop listening, watching or reading. Any other material or information generated by you, such as ideas written down on paper, will be subject to the same strict controls. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 147 Recruiter Instructions This research is to do with public attitudes towards wildlife management and is being carried out by a government department. We are looking to recruit people to attend workshops that will last about 3 hours. During the workshop, as well as discussing various issues, they will be given a number of tasks to do. They don’t need to know anything about wildlife management; they will be told what it involves during the workshop. An incentive of £60 will be paid. Exclusions We do not want to recruit anyone who is directly involved wildlife management (code 4 @ S1) – Also see below about membership of animal rights and wildlife organisations. The usual exclusions apply in terms of previous attendance at groups/depths (S2a-d). General Quotas In total we are looking to recruit 10 workshops (G1-10) Please recruit 9 people for each workshop Quotas Lifestage - each workshop must comprise people from ONE of the following lifestages, you will be told which lifestage you should recruit. G1&2 Dependent young people o aged between 16 and 20 – recruit a spread of ages o they will either be in full-time education or have left school and be working/looking for work – no more than 2 unemployed and they must be actively looking for work o they are single and living in the parental home (students may live away from home during term time). G3&4 Young independent adults o Likely to be aged in their twenties (you can recruit 1 or 2 in their early 30s provided they meet the other criteria) – recruit a spread of ages o they may still be in full-time education but more likely they are working/looking for work – please ensure at least half are working; no more than 2 unemployed and they must be actively looking for work o they are financially independent of their parents (although some may still live at home while saving up for a flat or house of their own) o they will either be single or married/living with a partner but they will not have any children. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 148 G5&6 Families o aged anywhere from late twenties to their fifties – recruit a spread of ages o they all have one or more child aged 16 or under living in the family home o recruit a mix of young families (all children aged under 12) and older families (at least one child aged 12-16). G7&8 Empty Nesters o they have either never had any children or all their children are over 16 years old o they could be anywhere between their late 30s to late 50s – recruit a spread of ages G9&10 Retired o although some at this lifestage may have taken early retirement (no more than 3), the majority will have reached the State retirement age (60/65). Gender - the workshops are gender specific so G1,3,5,7,9 are male and G2,4,6,8,10 are female SEG – each workshop will be recruited from either ABC1 SEGs or C2DE; you will be told which SEG applies to your workshop. Ethnicity – no quotas but try to recruit 2-3 BME respondents in each workshop Member/supporter of an animal rights organisation – record at Q1a o You must NOT recruit anyone who is a member or active supporter of any animal rights organisations Member/supporter of an animal welfare and wildlife organisations – record at Q1b &Q1c o You should check to see if respondents are members of these types of organisations (Q1b.) o If they are you should record the details at Q1c. o If someone is a member of an organisation that represents a single species you MUST CHECK WITH THE OFFICE before accepting them. This does not apply to domestic animals e.g. if someone is a member of the Cats Protection League you can recruit them o For EACH ORGANISATION NAMED AT Q1c. you should ask if they are actively involved with that organisation. We are leaving respondents to decide how to interpret this. You should NOT recruit anyone who says they are actively involved Have or are responsible for a garden – record at Q2. o Note for dependent young people you should record if their family has a garden. o Each of the following workshops (5,6,7,8,9,10) should contain at least 6 respondents who have a garden or are responsible for a garden o For the Young Adults workshops (3,4) half the respondents should have or are responsible for a garden Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 149 1.2 Discussion Guide Moderator: check the rotation schedule at the end of the guide to determine whether your workshop will be given names of species only (names) or names and visuals (visuals). Also check to see if you should use List 1 or List 2. Approx timings shown in lh margin Introduction and Warm up 10m Moderator introduces discussion – going to consider a range of issues relating to the management of wildlife in England. This will involve discussing the issues, being given some information to consider and carrying out a number of tasks either individually or in pairs Outlines ground rules: open discussion of issues with everyone making a contribution discussion to be recorded – how information will be used/confidentiality no right or wrong opinions; okay to disagree with what others say but need to respect other’s views mobile phones switched off Respondents introduce one another (names, family circumstances, what they do for a living, how interested they are in nature/wildlife) Meaning of Terms 25m The term ‘wildlife management’ is displayed on a board and participants asked to write down on post-it notes anything that comes into their minds in relation to this term; they post their notes on the board; what the term means is discussed and group attempts to arrive at a definition S1 A possible definition of the term is displayed and discussed does this sum up what the term means to people? Any surprises? what does the term ‘wildlife’ cover? Animals and plants?All types of animals – insects, snails, worms etc as well as mammals? Does it cover birds? Fish? does the definition need to be modified in any way to make it clearer what it means? Is it clear what vice versa means? Probe use of language/terms S2 The term ‘non-native species’ is displayed on a board and participants asked to write down on post-it notes anything that comes into their minds in relation to this term; they post their notes on the board; what the term means is discussed and group attempts to arrive at a definition S3a A possible definition of the term is displayed and discussed does this sum up what the term means to people? Any surprises? is the term ‘alien species’ better/worse than NNS? Why? do they consider the term non-native species to cover animals and plants? Does it cover all types of animals – insects, snails, worms etc as well as mammals? does the definition need to be modified in any way to make it clearer what it means? Probe use of language/terms (e.g. species) S3b Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 150 The term ‘invasive non-native species’ is displayed on a board; participants discuss what they think this means? What does the term invasive’ mean in this context? S4a A possible definition of the term is displayed and discussed does this sum up what the term means to people? Any surprises? which of the negative impacts would you be most concerned about – environmental, economic, societal? What about health impacts? Impact on Biodiversity? does the definition need to be modified in any way to make it clearer what it means? Probe use of language/terms which of the following expressions makes most sense to people: environmental impact, biodiversity impact, impact on wildlife? S4b Awareness 30m 20m On a round-robin basis, participants invited to give examples of wildlife management and/or invasive non-native species they are aware of. For each example, moderator elicits views on the species that are involved why management is needed (if they are aware) what this consists of and how they feel about it. Once examples have been exhausted, moderator asks respondents to complete a short self-completion questionnaire S5a Participants encouraged to build up a list of reasons why management/ control may be needed; different suggestions are elicited and discussed are some reasons felt to be more valid than others, which ones and why? participants discuss the possible consequence of not adopting control measures In a similar vein, participants asked to construct a list of different methods of control and how they feel about these are some methods of control more acceptable than others? if the method of control entails killing plants and animals, is this acceptable? Do opinions vary according to the method of killing or the species involved? [Note to moderator: if running late, you can either just ask who they think is responsible without showing S6 or drop this point altogether). Participants asked who they believe is responsible for wildlife management and control. After an initial exploration of their views, the moderator introduces a range of different ‘players’ and invites participants to discuss what role, if any, they might have Participants are given a set of cards with either the name of a different species on each card or the name and picture of the species. Moderator explains that some of the plants and animals are native and some are non-native species. Also, some of the species are actively managed while others are not. Their task is to try to determine which is which working as a group, the cards are sorted into piles (including don’t know piles) and discussed – why do participants think some are native/non-native and why some are/are not managed? NB Participants allowed to sort as they see fir but moderator will suggest they begin by dividing the cards into native and nonnative first and then further sub-divide each of these sortings Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 151 S6 S7a/b/ c/d for those that they believe are managed, what methods do they think are used? how do they feel about this? moderator displays a board with the species sorted into their 4 groups; how many of these are participants surprised about? S8a/b/ c/d Informed Response 30m Moderator presents information about wildlife management & INNS. Participants given handouts of slides to make notes on and refer to Moderator explores initial reactions to what they have found out were there any surprises? what? how does what they have found out affect how they feel about wildlife and invasive non-native species being managed? Moderator focuses on reasons for wildlife management and INNS: do participants feel that these are acceptable reasons for managing wildlife and INNS? are some reasons more acceptable or have a high priority than others? If so which and why? do they feel there are situations or occasions when it is wrong or inappropriate to take action? if so which and why? Moderator then focuses on the methods of control: do participants feel that these are all acceptable methods of control? are some more acceptable than others (eg poisoning vs shooting or killing vs a non-lethal method)? if so which and why? does the way participants feel about killing vary according to the species involved: eg plants vs animals, insects vs mammals, pests, such as rats vs animals such as deer? native vs non-native species? why is this? on what basis do they imagine the decision is taken to use one method over another – for example to cull rather than to use non-lethal methods to what extent should the cost of the control method be taken into account? [Note to moderator: depending on response, share the following information with participants and probe reactions] Wildlife Management decisions are based on balancing a range of issues of which cost is only one. An example would be deciding whether or not to install fencing in response to over grazing by deer. Fencing is expensive so a cheaper alternative could be culling (which also generates revenue for the land owner) but equally the decision could be taken to accept the damage if it is of a lower value than the cost of building and maintaining fencing. But cost is not the only issue here, fencing can have welfare concerns (e.g. deer becoming trapped, or being unable to access adequate food) also fencing can simply move the problem elsewhere on to some one else's land In most situations there are a range of techniques that might be appropriate, which technique a landowner will employ will depends on the balance of cost (relative to damage caused), welfare/impact non-targets, efficacy Most wildlife management is carried out by the landowner and not the government (tax payers) Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 152 S9 45m Participants divided into pairs. Each pair are given four case studies (in half the groups the case studies will use just the names of the species while in the other groups they will have both the names and pictures). Their task is to discuss their case studies and decide to what extent they would support the measures, along with their reasons why. If relevant, they might choose to support the principle of control but disagree with the method. For each impact and method of control, they indicate on their sheet whether they agree/disagree with it This is followed by a discussion of the issues with the aim of identifying any general principles in terms of what the public will or will not support and arriving at a set of criteria for determining how to manage wildlife/invasive non-native species that all or most of the public can agree with. Moderator explores what they have done as follows participants start of by considering any case studies where they have ticked all the boxes (i.e. they feel there are good reasons for controlling the species and the methods of control are acceptable). Which ones and why is this? they then consider any case studies where they disagreements with both the reasons and the methods of control. Which ones and why is this? if there are examples where they were undecided on both the reasons for control and the proposed methods, which ones and why is this? if there are examples where participants largely agree with the need for control but are less sure about some or all of the methods, which ones and why is this? if there are examples where participants largely disagree with the need for control even if the proposed methods are acceptable, which ones and why is this? if there are any case studies not yet covered, which ones and how and why have these been scored? If not already covered above, Moderator to probe on whether any of the following makes a difference: native vs non-native; non-native species that have been here a long time (e.g. rabbits, horse chestnut vs. more recently established non-natives (e.g. grey squirrels) the type of animal involved (e.g. mammals vs birds vs fish vs insects etc) the method of control including if it is possible to establish a hierarchy of decision making e.g. non-lethal methods should always be considered first but where these are not possible (not effective, too expensive, etc), lethal methods can be considered Public Behaviour 20m The moderator would now focus the discussion on what steps the general public can or should take and what information or support would encourage this. As necessary, the moderator will seed the discussion, for example: what role the public could/should in prevention, monitoring/reporting and managing such species? what information would they need to do these things? how could this best be provided? for those with gardens, what role should they play and what could be done to help them what role, if any, should suppliers such as pet shops and garden centres play Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 153 S10a/ 10b reactions to possible support measures such as information leaflets in retail outlets posters at air and sea ports explaining what can and cannot be brought into the country warning/advisory signs informing people about non-native species and the potential problems (e.g. in nature reserves labels on plants a website with relevant information facilities for the safe disposal of plants and animals At the end of the workshops, participants complete self-completion questionnaire. S5b Rotations Card sets for the sorting task will either include just the species names or names and pictures (visuals). In each case there are 2 different sets – list 1 and list 2. Gender Men Dependent young people Lifestage Independent young adults Families Empty Nesters Retired Women G1 G2 ABC1, Rural C2DE, Urban Names – List 1 Visuals – List 2 G3 G4 C2DE, Urban ABC1, Suburban Names - List 2 Visuals – List 1 G5 G6 C2DE, Suburban ABC1, Rural Visuals – List 2 Names – List 1 G7 G8 ABC1, Rural C2DE, Urban Visuals – List 1 Names – List 2 G9 G10 ABC1, Suburban C2DE, Rural Names – List 1 Visuals – List 2 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 154 1.3 Stimulus Material List of Stimulus S1. Wildlife Management S7b Card set (names only) – List 2 S2. Definition of WM S7c Card set (names and pictures) – List 1* S3a. Non-Native Species S7d Card set (names and pictures) – List 2* S3b. Definition of NNS S8a Correct groupings (names only) – List 1 S4a. Invasive Non-Native Species S8b Correct groupings (names only) – List 2 S4b. Definition of INNS S8c Correct groupings (names & pictures) – List 1* S5a. Self-completion questionnaire S8d Correct groupings (names & pictures) – List 2* S5b. Self-completion questionnaire S9 Presentation of WM and INNS information S6. List of players S10a Case studies (names only) S7a Card set (names only) – List 1 S10b Case studies (names and pictures)* *Stimulus material that incorporated pictures of the species as well as their names are not included. S1 Wildlife Management S2 Wildlife Management involves the management of the impacts of wildlife on human interests and vice versa S3 Non-Native Species Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 155 S3b Native species Any species that has colonised Great Britain since the last Ice Age without the direct assistance of man. Species that may colonise GB in the future by natural means may also be deemed native. Non-native species Any species that has colonised Great Britain since the end of the last Ice Age with the direct assistance of man. S4a Invasive Non-Native Species S4b Invasive non-native species Any non-native species that has the ability to spread and cause negative environmental, economic or societal impacts. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 156 S5a A Name:_______________________________________ Workshop:_____________ Q1: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Wildlife Management? ____________________________________________________________________________ Q2: Do you think Wildlife Management represents an important issue? a) Yes b) Not as far as I am aware c) I don’t know enough about it to form an opinion ____________________________________________________________________________ Q3: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Non-Native Species? ____________________________________________________________________________ Q4: Do you think Non-native Species represent an important issue? a) Yes b) Not as far as I am aware c) I don’t know enough about it to form an opinion ____________________________________________________________________________ Q5: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Invasive Non-Native Species? ____________________________________________________________________________ Q6: Do you think Invasive Non-native Species represent an important issue? a) Yes b) Not as far as I am aware c) I don’t know enough about it to form an opinion Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 157 S5b A Name:_______________________________________ Workshop:_________ Q1: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Wildlife Management? ____________________________________________________________________________ Q2: To what extent do you support efforts to manage and control wildlife in England? Please tick one of the following. a) I fully support efforts to manage/control wildlife in England b) I largely support efforts to manage/control wildlife in England although I have some reservations c) I am neither for or against efforts to manage/control wildlife in England – I can see arguments both for and against it d) While there may be a few occasions when it may be necessary to manage/control wildlife in England, I am largely opposed to the idea e) I am totally against the idea of managing/controlling wildlife in England f) I’m unsure how I feel about it ____________________________________________________________________________ Q3: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Non-Native Species? ____________________________________________________________________________ Q4: Do you think Non-native Species represent an important issue for the environment, conservation and agriculture? a) Yes b) Not as far as I am aware c) I don’t know enough about it to form an opinion PTO Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 158 Q5: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Invasive Non-Native Species? ____________________________________________________________________________ Q6: To what extent do you support efforts to manage and control invasive non-native species in England? Please tick one of the following. a) I fully support efforts to manage/control invasive non-native species in England b) I largely support efforts to manage/control invasive non-native species in England although I have some reservations c) I am neither for or against efforts to manage/control invasive nonnative species in England – I can see arguments both for and against it d) While there may be a few occasions when it may be necessary to manage/control invasive non-native species in England, I am largely opposed to the idea e) I am totally against the idea of managing/controlling invasive nonnative species in England f) I’m unsure how I feel about it Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 159 S6 Government Departments Environment Agencies Local Government Scientists, Researchers, Academics Land owners (eg farmers) and managers (eg game keepers) Property developers Pest controllers Lobby groups, interest groups General Public S7a American Mink Hen Harrier Black Swan Himalayan Balsam Bluebell Japanese Knotweed Bracken Little Owl Brown Rat Oak Processionary Moth Colorado Beetle Pipistrelle Bat Common Carp Rabbit Common Frog Red Deer Cormorant Red Squirrel Fallow Deer Robin Floating Pennywort Ruddy Duck Fox Signal Crayfish Furniture Beetle Wireweed (a seaweed) Garden Slug Wood Mouse Grey Seal Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 160 S7b Adder Muntjac deer Avocet Mute Swan Canada Goose Pike Chinese Mitten Crab Polecat Citrus Longhorn Beetle Ragwort Common Wasp Red-necked Wallaby Coypu Rhododendron Giant Hogweed Ring-necked Parakeet Grey Squirrel Roe Deer Hedgehog Stoat House Mouse Water Primrose Hummingbird Hawk-moth Water Vole Ivy-leaved Toadflax Wood Pigeon Magpie Zander Mole Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 161 S8a Native species that are not managed Native species that are actively managed Bluebell Bracken Common Frog Cormorant Hen Harrier Fox Pipistrelle bat Furniture beetle Red squirrel Garden slug Robin Grey squirrel Red deer Wood mouse Non-native species that are not managed Non-native species that are actively managed Black swan American mink Common carp Brown rat Little owl Colorado beetle Wireweed (a seaweed) Fallow deer Floating pennywort Himalayan balsam Japanese knotweed Oak processionary moth Rabbit Ruddy duck Signal crayfish Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 162 S8b Native species that are not managed Native species that are actively managed Adder Common wasp Avocet Magpie Hedgehog Mole Hummingbird hawkmoth Pike Polecat Ragwort Water vole Roe Deer Stoat Wood pigeon Non-native species that are not managed Non-native species that are actively managed Chinese mitten crab Canada goose Ivy-leaved toadflax Citrus longhorn beetle Red-necked wallaby Coypu Ring-necked parakeet Giant hogweed Grey squirrel House mouse Muntjac deer Mute swan Rhododendron Water primrose Zander Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 163 S9 Wildlife Management Why? Wide range of reasons including • reaction to exotic disease outbreak • protection of livestock • protection of infrastructure • conservation • protection of native biodiversity from invasive nonnative species • protection of public health and safety 12 Wildlife Management How – Animals Commonly involves culling • Shooting • Poisoning • Gassing • Snaring resulting in strangulation • Trapping followed by humane killing • Traps designed to capture and kill animal instantly • Oiling of eggs The use of crossbows, bows and arrows and explosives are not permitted for killing animals. 13 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 164 Wildlife Management How – Animals Other methods include • Deterrents/repellents • Translocation • Exclusion • Habitat modification • Biological control • Supplementary feeding • Immuno-contraceptives 14 Wildlife Management How – Plants • Cutting • Ploughing • Grazing • Trampling • Herbicides • Bio-control agents 15 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 165 Wildlife Management Who? Dept for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) • National policy & legislation • Management of wildlife in response to outbreaks of notifiable disease (eg rabies) – carried out by Government agencies/contractors • Advice Providers of evidence/data eg Defra Agencies eg • Environment Agency, Natural England, Animal Health • Implement policy eg provide licences, disease surveillance, conservation monitoring • Advice • • • • • Joint Nature Conservancy Council Centre for Environment Fisheries & Aquaculture Science Central Science Laboratory Academics Lobby Groups, Stakeholders Landowners, Managers, Developers • Responsible for the management of wildlife on their lands • Need to operate within legislation and may need to obtain licences in order to cull animals/manage wildlife • farming, conservation, animal rights/welfare, game keepers, groups representing single species, local authorities etc. • Lobby government 16 Non-Native Species Facts & Figures • A recent study found over 2,700 non-native species living in England of which the majority (⅔) are plants • Most do not cause problems. Many agricultural species (wheat, barley, sheep etc.) are not native to Britain. Only a minority become invasive and have negative impacts • Non-native species spread through a variety of pathways e.g. – intentional – unintentional – attached to ships or in ships’ ballast water – via the horticultural trade • The number of non-native species is likely to increase due to the growth in world trade and global tourism. Climate change may also allow species that are currently benign in Britain to become invasive. 17 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 166 Non-Native Species Cost • • • • It is difficult to get an accurate estimate of the financial cost of non-native species to the British economy Recent estimates put it between £2 - £6 billion per annum The cost of control of invasive water weeds alone is over £3 million per annum in Britain The less quantifiable costs to biodiversity and ecosystems are very hard to quantify in monetary terms Legal Position • • It is an offence under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 to release or allow a non-native animal species to escape into the wild It is also an offence to plant or cause a non-native plant species listed in the Act to grow in the wild 18 Invasive Non-Native Species Why Manage? • After habitat loss, invasive non-native species are the second biggest threat to biodiversity worldwide and, on islands (like GB), are considered to be the biggest threat Invasive non-native species can have lots of negative impacts: • Transmission of disease to native species • Competition with native species • Predation on native species • Increased flooding risk • Infrastructure damage • Human health risks 19 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 167 Invasive Non-Native Species Government Strategy 1. Prevent NNS from entering or gaining foothold in UK 3. Once established, the cost of eradication is often prohibitive – It is usually a case of mitigation measures and control e.g. localised or possibly regular removal Harder & more ££ 2. Focus on those NNS either known to be or thought to have potential to become invasive – aim is to eradicate them before they become established – Although there have been successful examples of eradication 20 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 168 S10a ADEER Species information: Six species in GB. 2 native (Roe and Red) and 4 non-native (Chinese water deer, Sika, muntjac and fallow). Herbivorous species of woodland and woodland edge. Red deer are often found on open moor land. Roe are the most populous species with and estimated 580,000 in GB. Red Deer are the second most common with over 300,000 individuals in GB. Impacts: Deer have significant negative impacts on forestry, agriculture and habitats (including protected sites) due to overgrazing They are also involved in a large number of road traffic accidents costing tens of millions of pounds and a small number of human fatalities every year Non-native sika deer hybridise with native red deer posing a risk to the genetic purity of this species For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling deer put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling deer put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: Deer are predominantly controlled by shooting. This is carried out under the restrictions outlined in the Deer Act 1991. This results in a quick humane death. Culled animals are sold as venison. Fencing is used in some cases to exclude deer from areas where they may have a negative impact. However, in many cases fencing is prohibitively expensive and simply acts to shift the problem elsewhere. Deer can also become caught in fencing resulting serious debilitating injury or death. Tree guards around saplings to prevent browsing. In the future there is the potential that immuno-contraceptives could be used for these species. However, it is unlikely that the use of this method alone would be adequate to control deer populations. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling deer put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling deer put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 169 RATS AND MICE Species information: Widespread throughout GB in urban and rural environments. Most common are the brown rat, house mouse and wood mouse. The brown rate and house mouse are non-native species. Fast breeding, opportunistic nocturnal species often associated with human activity. Impacts: Contamination of food with hair, urine and faeces Carry a wide range of diseases and parasites that are potentially harmful to humans and animals Structural damage to property through gnawing. Damage ranges from minor holes in walls to flooding, electrical fires or even structural collapse. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling rats and mice put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling rats and mice put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: Avoid infestation through proper maintenance of buildings. Rodenticides (many rodenticides do not result in a quick death). Traps including humane traps that allow the animal to be released (transferring the problem elsewhere) or spring traps to catch and kill the animal instantly. Rats may also be shot. Gassing, although not widely used but can be used to kill rats within their burrows. Carries the risk of killing non-target species. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling rats and mice put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling rats and mice put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 170 FOXES Species information: A native species that is widespread throughout the GB including urban and rural areas. Opportunistic species which eat a wide variety of prey species such as small mammals, birds, insects, amphibians and reptiles as well as fruit and vegetables. Occasionally, when faced with a large number of prey species, foxes may kill large numbers without eating them. This is common practice among carnivores. Population estimated to be between 200,000 and 300,000. Impacts: May prey upon species of economic importance such as lambs, piglets, chickens and game birds. However, problems are often local, unpredictable and sporadic. In urban areas foxes also prey upon small domestic pets such as rabbits, chickens and guinea pigs. Foxes are unlikely to be a danger to adult cats and dogs. In urban areas foxes cause nuisance by bin-raiding, digging in gardens and calling during the breeding season. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling foxes put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling foxes put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control Do not feed foxes to avoid attracting them. Ensure that food stores, animal pens and waste bins are fox proof (where possible) Install fences to exclude foxes (uneconomic except for protecting high value livestock). Capture using baited cage traps followed by humane destruction or relocation (transferring the problem elsewhere). Foxes are highly territorial and as such relocation will result in the disruption of established social groups. Shooting; usually at night using a rifle and high powered spotlight (lamping). Dogs may be used to flush foxes from cover, must be carried out in accordance with Hunting Act 2004. Capture by free running snares followed by shooting. Chemical repellents and deterrents. In urban areas the killing or relocation of foxes only provides transient relief from the problem. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling foxes put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling foxes put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 171 RABBITS Species information: Widespread throughout GB. Population estimated at 15 million. A non-native species brought to Britain from Europe in the twelfth century. Sociable herbivore that lives in extensive underground burrows. Impacts: Major agricultural pest causing economic loses in excess of £100 million in GB annually. Includes damage to cereal crops, grassland and forestry. The burrowing behaviour of this species also lead to damage to archaeological sites, monuments and landscapes. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling rabbits put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling rabbits put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: Landowners have a statutory responsibility to manage rabbit infestations on their land and to prevent them causing damage to neighbouring properties. Gassing. This is the most effective control method. Fencing to exclude rabbits from areas that require protection. Particularly useful where other techniques are impractical. Shooting. Popular method although due to high reproductive rate extensive effort is required to be successful. Cage trapping and humane despatch. Spring trap resulting in capture and instant death. Restraint of animal using free running snare followed by humane despatch. Use of ferrets to drive rabbits into traps or onto waiting guns. Time consuming and unlikely to be used in isolation. Use of tree guards (to prevent tree damage only). Chemical repellents. Expensive and ineffective in long term. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling rabbits put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling rabbits put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 172 CORMORANTS Species Information: This large fish eating bird is commonly found in coastal areas and inland waters throughout GB. It is a native species and it is estimated that there are 9,000 breeding pairs in the UK with 1,600 pairs breeding inland. Approximately 30,000 cormorants over-winter in GB with 10,000 of these inland. Impacts: Cormorants can cause serious localised economic and ecological damage to fisheries due to their predation of fish species. Failed hunting attempts leave fish scarred and prone to disease. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling cormorants put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling cormorants put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: Use of visual or noise deterrents (less likely to be useful or effective on rivers). This will only work if there are others suitable habitats nearby. Provision of artificial refuges for fish species to escape predation. Good habitat management to assist fish recruitment and survival. Shooting (under licence). This is only applicable to specific areas where cormorant impacts are severe. Effectiveness of this method is variable and in the long term more cormorants will move to habitat replacing those that have been culled. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling cormorants put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling cormorants put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 173 CORVIDS Species information: Includes crow, jackdaw, jay, magpie and rook. Native species that are widely distributed in UK. All members of this bird family are omnivorous, eating a range of foodstuffs including seeds, fruit, carrion, mice, young birds and eggs. Magpies are particularly renowned for taking young birds and eggs during the early summer. Impacts: Damage to agricultural crops and livestock. Some members of this family have been known to peck at wounds on livestock making them more severe or even to attack newborn lambs. Corvids are known to take the young and eggs of game birds and poultry. The tendency of corvids to prey upon the young chicks and eggs of songbirds has lead to the conclusion by some that they contribute to the decline of these species. However, while this does occur, there is much debate as to whether corvid predation is a significant factor in songbird decline. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling corvids put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling corvids put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: In the UK all birds are legally protected. However, there are general licences for the control of corvids for the conservation of wild birds, public health and safety and the prevention of serious damage to property (this includes crops and livestock). The most common method of control is the use of a Larsen trap. The Larsen trap uses a decoy bird to attract others of the same species which can then be humanely despatched. Shooting. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling corvids put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling corvids put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 174 RAGWORT Species information: Native species that is widespread throughout UK. Biennial plant with yellow daisy-like flowers. A number of invertebrates and fungi species are reliant on this grassland plant. Ragwort is also an important source of nectar for a number of butterfly species, bees, moths and other insects. Impacts: Ragwort is toxic to grazing animals particularly horses. Can cause fatalities through irreversible liver damage For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling ragwort put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling ragwort put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: Under the Weeds Act landowners can be compelled to manage injurious weeds (including ragwort) upon their land. Primarily controlled through the application of herbicides. Cutting back or uprooting (either mechanically or by hand) Potential for biological control using cinnabar moth (under development). For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling ragwort put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling ragwort put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 175 STOATS Species information: A native species that is widespread throughout the UK . Predator of small birds, mammals and rabbits. Occasionally, when faced with a large number of prey species, stoats may kill large numbers without eating them. This is common to many carnivores Impacts: Predation of poultry, songbirds and game birds. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling stoats put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling stoats put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: Use of spring traps which capture and kill the animal instantly For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling stoats put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling stoats put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 176 BRACKEN Species information: A native species that was originally a woodland plant, however, changes in land management practices have favoured the spread of bracken. Is an important habitat for some fritillary butterfly species and birds such and the whinchat and nightjar. Impacts: Bracken is highly competitive and can replace other habitats including grassland and heathland. Bracken can reduce the available area for grazing and can cause poisoning in grazing animals. Bracken is a favoured habitat of the sheep tick, which can carry lymes disease. It can have major negative impact on archaeological remains. It is also carcinogenic in animals and humans. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling bracken put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling bracken put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control: Before control takes place consideration needs to be given to the impact of the control method e.g. impact on other plants; soil erosion due to the loss of bracken; whether control brings adequate benefits; the long term costs. Cutting. Needs to occur twice in the season over a period of 3 – 5 years. Will not lead to eradication and should not be used where ground-nesting birds are present. Crushing. Can be used where ground surface makes the use of machinery difficult. Should not be used where there are ground-nesting birds, or on sites of archaeological importance. Carries risk of soil erosion. Livestock treading. Winter feeding of livestock to encourage crushing of young plants and the disturbance of the ground which increases frost damage to plant structures. In the spring livestock needs to be removed to prevent risk of poisoning. This method is unreliable and should not be used where trampling risks damaging other plants or archaeological site. Burning. Only effective if follow up treatment used. Ploughing and cultivation. Deep ploughing of the ground in summer which is left undisturbed over winter followed by sowing of more desirable plant species in the spring. Not suitable where other important ground flora present or on archaeological site. Use of Herbicides. Should not be used where other important flora present. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling bracken put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling bracken put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 177 TOPMOUTH GUDGEON Species information: The topmouth gudgeon is a small freshwater fish that originates in South East Asia. It was probably introduced to Britain through the fish trade in the 1980/90s and it continues to be spread around Britain as a contaminant of other fish stock. Impacts: It can achieve very high densities and can dominate freshwaters. It carries a parasite that is a potential threat to native fish such as salmon and carp. It eats the eggs of other fish and eats vast amounts of plant life and invertebrates thus upsetting natural ecosystems. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling topmouth gudgeon put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling topmouth gudgeon put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: The Environment Agency has successfully eradicated them from 7 waters using a fish poison. They are still present in about 25 other locations in England and Wales. There are also attempts to control this species by introducing perch (a native fish species). It is not known how successful this will be. For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling topmouth gudgeon put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling topmouth gudgeon put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 178 RING-NECKED PARAKEET Species information: This bird is native to India and Africa. It is a popular British cage bird that regularly escapes from captivity. It has built up substantial populations (over 20,000 birds) in parts of south-eastern England. Impacts: It probably competes with native bird species (e.g. nuthatch). In its native range it is a serious pest of agriculture, and damages a range of crop species in England (apples, pears, grapes etc.). For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling ring-necked parakeets put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling ring-necked parakeets put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: This species is currently not controlled (apart from a very small number of cases where there has been severe crop damage – all to fruit). Eradication or control may be possible with the following methods: Chemical sterilisation (not yet possible but potentially in the future) Shooting Trapping/netting - followed by humane killing For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling ring-necked parakeets put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling ring-necked parakeets put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 179 AMERICAN BULLFROG Species information: The American bullfrog is a large frog (twice as big as other British frogs). It was introduced to Britain after being bought as pets and subsequently released or escaped. There have only been two populations found in Britain so far both in ponds in Southern England and Natural England (the Government’s Nature Conservation Agency for England) has been trying to eradicate them before they spread. Impacts: It carries a fungal disease that is lethal to our native amphibians (but which does not harm itself). It also eats a wide range of native species – including small birds. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling American bullfrogs put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling American bullfrogs put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: shooting adult frogs (in the pond) – carried out as part of the eradication attempt by Natural England draining down the pond and removing all adults and tadpoles (to be humanely killed) – carried out as part of the eradication attempt by natural England poisoning them in the pond (adults and tadpoles) – fish could be removed before this poisoning is done otherwise they would also be killed. Poisoning the ponds will kill most insects etc. in any case. The pond will take several years to fully recover For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling American bullfrogs put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling American bullfrogs put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 180 JAPANESE KNOTWEED Species information: Japanese knotweed is a plant that was first imported from Japan for use in gardens about 150 years ago. It is now well established in the wild in Britain, especially in urban areas. It is currently proposed that the sale of this species be banned. Impacts: It can grow through concrete and asphalt and even through buildings. Its removal costs developers millions of pounds every year (including adding tens of millions to the cost of developing the Olympic site). For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling Japanese knotweed put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling Japanese knotweed put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: Spraying regularly for 3 years with strong herbicides (this also kills other plants nearby) – this is probably the most common method of dealing with Japanese Knotweed Removing soil down to 3m (10ft) depth and transporting it to one of only 6 designated disposal sites (this means lorries moving many tons of soil around the country) (Potentially) biological control involving the release of a Japanese louse that as been tested and shown to (almost certainly) attack Japanese Knotweed only For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling Japanese knotweed put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling Japanese knotweed put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 181 FLOATING PENNYWORT Species information: This species of plant is from South America and is sold in garden centres to grow in ponds. It has escaped into the wild and is common in waterways in SE England. It is likely that the sale of this plant will soon be banned in Britain. Impacts: It grows rapidly, carpeting a whole waterway which can restrict/prevent angling, cut off light to plants and animals in the water thus killing them It can increase flood risk as it clogs waterways It covers the water surface so completely it is a health hazard to animals and people (they think it is dry land and step on it) For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling Floating pennywort put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling Floating pennywort put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: Control of this plant costs many tens of thousands of pounds each year in Britain. Spraying the plant with pesticide (a herbicide) which also kills other plants Mechanical removal – lifting out by hand or using a digger (probably the most common method used in Britain but there is the problem that if a tiny piece of the plant breaks off it can re-grow rapidly) Potentially releasing a pest from its native range in South America (not yet developed) For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling floating pennywort put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling floating pennywort put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 182 GYRODACTYLIS Species information: This species is a serious parasite of salmon. It is native to the Baltic and has spread to Norway where it has devastated salmon stocks in the rivers to which it has been introduced (accidentally). It is not yet present in Britain but it is a threat. Impacts: It would devastate the salmon stocks if it did arrive in Britain and cost the economy millions of pounds annually. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling Gyrodactylis put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling Gyrodactylis put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: The only known method of controlling an outbreak is to poison the river it arrives in – this would kill all life in the river (which would subsequently recover over several years/decades). The alternative is to let Gyrodactylis spread which would result in the deaths of many thousands of salmon For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling Gyrodactylis put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling Gyrodactylis put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 183 COLORADO BEETLE Species information: This small beetle is native to North America and has escaped and become established in Europe. Not established in Britain but turns up regularly (on produce). Impacts: The beetle feeds on potatoes and is a huge pest that would cost agriculture millions of pounds worth of damage if it became established here. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling Colorado beetles put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling Colorado beetles put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: Controlled by spraying with insecticides that kill the adults and larvae (young). Other insects are also killed at the same time by the spray. This is the most common method of control In small outbreaks individual beetles can be picked off the potato plants and killed For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling Colorado beetles put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling Colorado beetles put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 184 THE OAK PROCESSIONARY MOTH Species information: This species of small moth is native to southern and central Europe. A number of moths arrived in England in 2006 with oak trees imported from the Netherlands. It has since spread to parts of western London (including Kew Gardens) and the Forestry Commission, Defra and the Local Authorities are currently trying to eradicate it. Impacts: The caterpillars (which group together in hundreds or even thousands) cause damage to many native tree species, especially oaks – stripping them completely of leaves. The caterpillars also shoot out tiny hairs that can cause allergic reaction in pets and people (this can be serious – requiring hospitalisation). For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling the oak processionary moth put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling the oak processionary moth put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: Spraying caterpillars with insecticide to kill them Using flame throwers to incinerate them in the trees Both methods are regularly used For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling the oak processionary moth put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling the oak processionary moth put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 185 GREY SQUIRREL Species information: This is a small mammal that is native to North America. It was deliberately released into the wild in Britain between on many occasions between 1878 and 1930. It has spread rapidly and is now established over most of England and Wales. It is continuing its spread in northern England, Wales and Scotland. Its current population is estimated at 2 million. Impacts: Grey squirrels carry a virus (squirrel pox) that is lethal to native Red Squirrels but which it is immune to. Has thus caused the near extinction of red squirrels in England and Wales (the population of red squirrels is now only 120,000 – mostly in Scotland). Grey squirrels also cause substantial damage to forestry by removing bark from trees. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling grey squirrels put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling grey squirrels put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: Live trapping (in a cage trap) followed by humane killing (shooting or breaking neck) - (this is commonly carried out) Poisoning with rat poison (warfarin) Shooting (this is commonly carried out) (Potential) control using immuno-contraception (this has yet to be fully tested and is unlikely to be ready for use for many years) For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling grey squirrels put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling grey squirrels put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 186 COYPU Species information: A large rodent (about the size of a large cat) native to South America. It was introduced to Britain in the 1920s for fur farming and regularly escaped and thus established a population in East Anglia. Impacts: It caused a flood risk by burrowing into banks It caused habitat damage by eating native plants It caused significant agricultural damage by eating crops such as sugar beet, carrots etc. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling coypus put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling coypus put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: It was eradicated in a campaign between 1980 and 1987. 20,000 animals were live trapped (in cage traps) and humanely shot Continental Europe still has a population (which is expanding) and causes million of pounds worth of damage For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling coypus put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling coypus put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 187 RUDDY DUCK Species information: This bird is native to North America where it is relatively common (over 500,000 birds). It was released/escaped from wildlife collections in Britain in the 1940s and became established over most of Britain by 1995. There is currently a Government-led campaign to eradicate Ruddy ducks in the UK. Impacts: Some of the feral British ruddy ducks fly to Spain and interbreed with the very rare white-headed duck. Interbreeding with ruddy ducks is the biggest threat to the survival of this duck as a distinct species. [The Spanish Government has spent millions of Euros trying to bring the White-headed duck back from the brink of extinction. They have been very successful with the population in Spain (the only country where it breeds in Europe) increasing from 22 in the 1970’s to over 2,000 today]. The ruddy duck has no obvious impact in Britain. For each impact: put a in the box if you feel this is a good reason for controlling ruddy ducks put a in the box if you feel this is a not a good reason for controlling ruddy ducks put a ? in the box if you are unsure Control methods: Shooting with rifles and shotguns (sometimes from boats). For each method: put a in the box if you feel this is an acceptable method of controlling ruddy ducks put a in the box if you feel this is a not an acceptable method of controlling ruddy ducks put a ? in the box if you are unsure Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 188 2 The Qualitative Research: Anglers 2.1 Recruitment Questionnaire Wildlife Management & INNS Hello, I'm ..........................from Creative Research, an independent market research company. I wonder if you would be interested in taking part in some market research we are conducting. It involves taking part in a discussion with other people like yourself, to share views and ideas. This would last for up to 2 hours. In return for your time, I can offer you £45 as a contribution towards your expenses. KEY DEMOGRAPHICS D1 SOCIAL GRADE OCCUPATION OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: ASK THE FOLLOWING FIVE QUESTIONS TO CLARIFY HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION: IF RETIRED, ASK FOR PREVIOUS OCCUPATION, IF PRIVATE PENSION RECEIVED IF LOCAL AUTHORITY OR CIVIL SERVICE OR ARMED FORCES, ASK GRADE/RANK IF SELF-EMPLOYED OR MANAGERIAL, ASK FOR NO. OF EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBLE FOR ASK FOR DETAILS OF TRAINING/QUALIFICATIONS INDUSTRY (WRITE IN) NOW CODE SOCIAL CLASS ABC1 1 Gender: code below C2DE 2 Age: write in and code below ____________________ Male 1 20-34 1 Female 2 35-44 2 45-54 3 55-64 4 65+ 5 Recruit a mix Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 189 SCREENING S1. SHOW CARD A Can I just check, do you or any of your immediate family work in any of the following professions or occupations? Market Research or Marketing 1 Public Relations or Journalism 2 Advertising 3 4 Directly involved in Wildlife Management CLOSE None of these S2a. Have you ever attended a GROUP DISCUSSION or IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW before? No 1 GO TO Q1 Yes 2 GO TO S2b S2c. How long ago was that? S2b. CLOSE 5 CONTINUE What was the subject under discussion? IF PREVIOUS SUBJECT RELATED TO THIS PROJECT, THANK & CLOSE. OTHERWISE ASK Q2c S2d How many group discussions & depth interviews have you attended in the last 3 years? Less than 6 months 1 THANK & CLOSE 1-6 1 GO TO Q1 More than 6 months ago 2 GO TO S2d 7 or more 2 THANK & CLOSE INTERVIEWER DECLARATION I DECLARE THAT THIS IS A TRUE RECORD OF A FACE TO FACE INTERVIEW WITH THE NAMED RESPONDENT WHICH WAS CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS AND THE CODE OF CONDUCT. SIGNATURE:_____________________________________________________________ PRINT NAME:____________________________________________________________ DATE:_____________________________ METHOD OF RECRUITMENT FROM CLIENT-SUPPLIED LISTS FROM RECRUITER’S DATABASE SNOWBALLING FREE FOUND (In Street/House to house etc) OTHER (PLEASE WRITE IN):______________________________________________________________________________ Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 190 Q1. As part of your leisure activities, do you participate in freshwater angling? Y Continue N Close Less than 2 times a year 1 Close At least 2 times a year 2 Continue More than 2 times a year 3 Continue Y Continue N Close Q2. How often do you go freshwater fishing in England? Q3. Do you hold a ‘Rod Licence’ from the Environment Agency? Q4. Do you belong to an Angling club/organisation? Y Recruit to Quota N Q5. What type of angling do you do? Course 1 Game 2 Recruit a Spread Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 191 Give Respondent Show Card B and read out The group discussion or interview you take part in will be audio recorded and a transcript will be prepared. This card describes how the information you provide will be used and the steps that will be taken to protect your confidentiality. Please sign below to indicate your agreement with this procedure. Name:_________________________________________ Signature:______________________________________ Date:________________________ Occasionally, once a project is completed we may need to re-contact people who take part in a research study either to follow up something that has arisen or to invite them to participate in some research on a new topic. Would you be willing for us to contact you in the future, should the need arise? YES NO [ ] [ ] Record contact details below Explain that you need to record the respondent's contact details so that they can be contacted in the event of a change of plans (e.g. the moderator is ill) and also for quality control procedures. Reassure respondents that this information will only be used for these purposes. RESPONDENT DETAILS REASSURE RESPONDENTS THAT NO PERSONAL DETAILS OR RESPONSES WILL BE PASSED ON TO ANYONE NOT DIRECTLY CONCERNED WITH THE RESEARCH. NAME:______________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS:___________________________________________________________________Postcode________________________________ PHONE NO: NO PHONE ( ) REFUSED NO ( ) SHOW CARD A Market Research or Marketing Public Relations Journalism Advertising Directly involved in Wildlife Management Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 192 SHOW CARD B The Data Protection Act requires that we collect and use the information you provide to us in a manner that respects and protects your confidentiality. Your personal details (name, address, phone number) will not be disclosed to anyone else without your permission other than Creative Research, the company carrying out the research. In most cases the recordings/transcripts will be heard/read only by the transcriber and researchers from the research company. The recordings/transcripts will only be listened to/read for research purposes and only to pursue the aims of the study. Excerpts from the recordings/transcripts may be used to illustrate the research findings. This will always be done in a way to protect your identity (e.g. comments will not be attributed). The recordings/transcripts will not be used for non-research purposes, such as promotion or direct sales activities. In exceptional cases the recordings/transcripts will be listened to/read by people from the client organisation working on this project. In these circumstances, we will go through the material first to delete any references to people's names or anything else that could identify them. Anyone from the client organisation who listens to/reads the recordings/transcripts will sign an undertaking that they will respect the anonymity of those taking part. Thus, if anyone recognises you, (s)he will immediately stop listening, watching or reading. Any other material or information generated by you, such as ideas written down on paper, will be subject to the same strict controls. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 193 Recruiter Instructions This research is to do with public attitudes towards wildlife management and is being carried out by a government department. We are looking to recruit people a group of freshwater anglers to attend a group discussion that will last about 2 hours. An incentive of £45 will be paid. Exclusions We do not want to recruit anyone who is directly involved in wildlife management (code 4 @ S1). The usual exclusions apply in terms of previous attendance at groups/depths (S2a-d). General Quotas Please recruit 9 people Quotas SEG – no quotas but record details Gender – no quotas, we expect that most anglers are men but if you find any female anglers you can recruit them Age – no quotas but try to recruit a spread of ages Must be a freshwater angler @ Q1 Must go freshwater fishing in England at least 2 times a year or more @ Q3 Must hold a Rod Licence from the Environment Agency @ Q4 Belong to an angling club/organisation – at least half the respondents should belong to an angling club or organisation @ Q4 Type of angling – course and game – recruit a mix @ Q5 2.2 Discussion Guide Introduction and Warm up Moderator introduces discussion – going to consider a range of issues relating to invasive non-native species. We are especially interested in their views on the topic from the perspective of freshwater anglers. It will involve discussing the issues, being given some information to consider and carrying out a number of tasks either individually or in pairs Outlines ground rules: open discussion of issues with everyone making a contribution no right or wrong opinions; okay to disagree with what others say but need to respect other’s views discussion to be record – how information will be used/confidentiality mobile phones switched off Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 194 Respondents introduce one another (names, what they do for a living, the most interesting/unusual fish they have ever caught) Meaning of Terms The term ‘non-native species’ is displayed on a board and participants asked to A1a write down on post-it notes anything that comes into their minds in relation to this term; they post their notes on the board; what the term means is discussed and group attempts to arrive at a definition A1b A possible definition of the term is displayed and discussed does this sum up what the term means to people? Any surprises? is the term ‘alien species’ better/worse than NNS? Why? do they consider the term non-native species to cover animals and plants? Does it cover all types of animals – insects, snails, worms etc? Does it include fish in their opinions? does the definition need to be modified in any way to make it clearer what it means? Probe use of language/terms (e.g. species) The term ‘invasive non-native species’ is displayed on a board; participants A2a discuss what they think this means? What does the term invasive’ mean in this context? A2b A possible definition of the term is displayed and discussed does this sum up what the term means to people? Any surprises? which of the negative impacts would you be most concerned about – environmental, economic, societal? What about health impacts? Impact on Biodiversity? does the definition need to be modified in any way to make it clearer what it means? Probe use of language/terms which of the following expressions makes most sense to people: environmental impact, biodiversity impact, impact on wildlife? Awareness On a round-robin basis, participants invited to give examples invasive non-native species they are aware of. For each example, moderator elicits views on the species that are involved (NB moderator will make it clear we are not only talking about fish or other aquatic plants/animals but any INNS) Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 195 how the species were first introduced into this country (if they are aware) Once examples have been exhausted, moderator asks respondents to complete a A3a short self-completion questionnaire How do they feel about non-native fish that have been introduced to this country? do they welcome them (for example, as interesting and exotic fish to catch?) or do they perceive them as a problem? if a problem – in what way are they a problem? does it depend on the species – some may represent interesting challenges while others may cause problems – if so, which species fall into each group? would they recognise a NN fish if they caught one? How do they feel about non-native plants that have been introduced to this country – by this we mean both aquatic plants and those that might grow on river banks etc? do they welcome them or do they perceive them as a problem? if a problem – in what way are they a problem? does it depend on the plants – if so, which plants fall into each group? would they recognise a NN plant when they saw one? Are they aware of other non-native species (such as signal crayfish and zebra mussels and curly waterweed) and the problems they cause? Do they think that any problems caused by non-native fish and plants are important? To them? The sport of angling? Overall? Behaviour What do they normally do when they catch fish? How often and under what circumstances do they release fish back into the river/pond? Have they ever caught a non-native species? Which ones? what did they do with it? are they aware of what the law says about it? what would be their views on killing any NN fish they caught? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 196 To what extent do respondents clean their fishing equipment (rods, nets, waders, boats etc) after each fishing trip or when moving between different fishing waters? if yes: what does this actually involve – what do they clean/how do they clean it if no: any particular reason why not? Is it that they don’t feel there is a need? Why might this be an issue? Participants encouraged to suggest different ways in which non-native species have been introduced into this country. Moderator will prompt in particular for ways in which non-native fish and other aquatic species have been introduced. Further prompts: have they heard of anglers deliberately releasing species of fish into a river or pond in order that they can then fish for them? Is this something they have ever done themselves? what is their view of this practice? What, if anything, does their fishing club say about it? to what extent are respondents worried about the spread of fish diseases through the unauthorised movements of fish or inadequate cleaning of equipment? Participants are given a set of cards with the name and picture of the species. A4 Moderator explains that some of the plants and animals are native and some are non-native species. Also, some of the species are actively managed/controlled while others are not. Their task is to try to determine which is which. Only examine their awareness of native vs. non-native as the managed/not managed issue is irrelevant. working as a group, the cards are sorted into piles (including don’t know piles) and discussed – why do participants think some are native/nonnative and why some are/are not managed? for those that they believe are managed, what methods do they think are used? how do they feel about this? moderator displays a board with the species sorted into their 4 groups; how many of these are participants surprised about? A5 Informed Response Moderator presents information about INNS. Participants given handouts of slides to A6 make notes on and refer to Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 197 Moderator explores initial reactions to what they have found out were there any surprises? what? how does what they have found out affect how they feel about invasive non-native species being managed? Public Behaviour The moderator would now focus the discussion on what steps anglers can or should take and what information or support would encourage this. As necessary, the moderator will seed the discussion, for example: what role anglers could/should have in prevention, monitoring/reporting and managing such species? what information would they need to do these things? how could this best be provided? what could be done to help anglers recognise non-native fish when they come across them? what could be done to discourage anglers releasing non-native fish into English waterways? what could be done to encourage anglers to kill any non-native fish they catch rather than releasing them back into the water? response to idea of cleaning nets, boots etc to prevent things like spoors for crayfish plague being introduced into new waterways what role, if any, should angling clubs and organisations play? are there any people who are well respected in the angling community who could possibly act as a spokes person – someone who could effectively communicate with anglers what they could do to help tackle invasive non-native species? reactions to possible support measures such as information leaflets notice boards at fisheries information in retail outlets articles in angling press a website with relevant information facilities for the safe disposal of non-native fish that are caught At the end of the workshops, participants complete self-completion questionnaire. A3a Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 198 2.3 Stimulus List of Stimulus A1 Invasive Non-Native Species A2 Definition of INNS A3a/b Self-completion questionnaire A4 Card set (names and pictures)* A5 Correct groupings (names and pictures)* A6 Presentation of INNS information *Only the names are included below. A1 Non-Native Species A1b Native species Any species that has colonised Great Britain since the last Ice Age without the direct assistance of man. Species that may colonise GB in the future by natural means may also be deemed native. Non-native species Any species that has colonised Great Britain since the end of the last Ice Age with the direct assistance of man. A2a Invasive Non-Native Species A2b Invasive non-native species Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 199 Any non-native species that has the ability to spread and cause negative environmental, economic or societal impacts. A3a A Name:_______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Q1: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Non-Native Species? ______________________________________________________________________ Q2: Do you think Non-native Species represent an important issue? a) Yes b) Not as far as I am aware c) I don’t know enough about it to form an opinion ______________________________________________________________________ Q3: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Invasive Non-Native Species? ______________________________________________________________________ Q4: Do you think Invasive Non-native Species represent an important issue? a) Yes b) Not as far as I am aware c) I don’t know enough about it to form an opinion Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 200 A3b A Name:_______________________________________ Q1: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Non-Native Species? ______________________________________________________________________ Q2: Do you think Non-native Species represent an important issue for the environment, conservation and agriculture? a) Yes b) Not as far as I am aware c) I don’t know enough about it to form an opinion ______________________________________________________________________ Q3: On a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 means you know nothing about the subject and 5 means you know a great deal, please give a score based on how much you feel you know about Invasive Non-Native Species? ______________________________________________________________________ Q4: To what extent do you support efforts to manage and control invasive non-native species in England? Please tick one of the following. a) I fully support efforts to manage/control invasive non-native species in England b) I largely support efforts to manage/control invasive non-native species in England although I have some reservations c) I am neither for or against efforts to manage/control invasive non-native species in England – I can see arguments both for and against it d) While there may be a few occasions when it may be necessary to manage/control invasive non-native species in England, I am largely opposed to the idea e) I am totally against the idea of managing/controlling invasive non-native species in England f) I’m unsure how I feel about it Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 201 A4 Chinese mitten crab Common carp Egyptian goose Wireweed (a seaweed) Common frog Roach Water Vole Cormorant Pike American mink Giant hogweed Floating pennywort Himalayan balsam Japanese knotweed New Zealand pygmyweed Ruddy duck Signal crayfish Sunbleak Topmouth gudgeon Water fern Water primrose Zander Zebra mussel A5 Native species that are not managed Native species that are actively managed Common frog Roach Water Vole Cormorant Pike Non-native species that are not managed Non-native species that are actively managed Chinese mitten crab Common carp Egyptian goose Wireweed (a seaweed) American mink Giant hogweed Floating pennywort Himalayan balsam Japanese knotweed New Zealand pygmyweed Ruddy duck Signal crayfish Sunbleak Topmouth gudgeon Water fern Water primrose Zander Zebra mussel Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 202 A6 Non-Native Species Facts & Figures • A recent study found over 2,700 non-native species living in England of which the majority (⅔) are plants • Most non-native species do not cause problems The majority of our agricultural species (wheat, barley, sheep etc.) are not native to Britain. Only a minority become invasive and have negative impacts • Non-native species spread through a variety of pathways e.g. – intentional – unintentional – attached to ships or in ships’ ballast water – via the horticulture trade • The number of non-native species is likely to increase due to the growth in world trade and global tourism. Climate change may also allow species that are currently benign in Britain to become invasive. 10 Non-Native Species Cost • It is difficult to get an accurate estimate of the financial cost of non-native species to the British economy • recent estimates put it between £2 - £6 billion per annum • the cost of control of invasive water weeds alone is over £3 million per annum in Britain • the less-quantifiable costs to biodiversity and ecosystems are very hard to quantify in monetary terms Legal Position • It is an offence under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 to release or allow a non-native animal species to escape into the wild • It is also an offence to plant or cause a non-native plant species listed in 11 the Act to grow in the wild Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 203 Invasive Non-Native Species Why Manage? • After habitat loss, invasive non-native species are the second biggest threat to biodiversity worldwide and, on islands (like GB), are considered to be the biggest threat Invasive non-native species can have lots of negative impacts. These include: • • • • • • • Transmission of disease to native species Competition with native species Damaging the sport Predation on native species Increased flooding risk Infrastructure damage Human health risks 12 Invasive Non-Native Species Government Strategy 1. Prevent NNS from gaining foothold in UK 3. Once established, the cost of eradication is often prohibitive • It is usually a case of mitigation measures and control e.g. localised or possibly regular removal • Although there have been successful examples of eradication Harder & more ££ 2. Focus on those NNS either known to be or thought to have potential to become invasive – aim is to eradicate them before they become established 13 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 204 3 Qualitative Research: Trade Representatives 3.1 Discussions Guides 3.1.1 FACT REpresentative Introduction Invite respondent to introduce himself and the organisation he represents (FACT – Fisheries and Angling Conservation Trust), his role in it and his involvement/relationship with the Non Native Species Secretariat Explain purpose of interview is for me a non angler - to get a better appreciation of anglers, their behaviour and attitudes etc particularly in relation to the issue of nonnative species. My focus is on freshwater angling. Starting point: any basics facts and figures about angling in England/UK the number of anglers the different types of angling the different types of angler e.g. the amateur hobbyist, the professional angler and all shades in between how angling is organised as a sport e.g. what proportion belong to angling clubs, take part in organised competitions etc key organisations that anglers likely to belong to or are influenced by key media sources – what do anglers read Non-native Species What is FACT’s stance in relation to non-native species is it an important issue? why/why not? what would be FACT’s definition of an invasive NNS? does it consider all NNS to be a problem/just INNS? does their stance only relate to non-native fish or does it extend to other animals/plants? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 205 what species, in particular, would FACTs consider to be INNS or NNS that need to be controlled? what message would/does FACT communicate to anglers about NNS? Would anglers typically be aware that there is an issue relating to NNS? if I was to ask the same questions of an angler, what sorts of responses would I get is it an important issue? why/why not? are all NNS felt to be a problem/just INNS? would their stance only relate to non-native fish or would it extend to other animals/plants? Do some anglers welcome the presence of INNS in England’s waterways? What arguments would they use in support of their position? What counter arguments might FACTs use to try and persuade them otherwise? Behaviour Would anglers recognise a NNS if they caught one? Does it depend on the species? What could be done to help anglers recognise NNS? What could be done to encourage them to report NNS to the authorities? What determines whether an angler kills a fish he has caught as opposed to releasing it back into the waterway? If the caught and recognised a NNS, what are they likely to do with it – release it back into the water? What could be done to encourage them to kill NNS they catch? Are they likely to be aware of the legal position? Is there any evidence to suggest that some anglers have deliberately introduced NNS to this country or have deliberately encouraged their spread – for example, by catching them in one waterway and releasing them in another? Any idea of how often this happens? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 206 What is the motivation behind such behaviour? What arguments could be used to dissuade them from this? What would anglers’ views be on the issue of bio-security Would they recognise it as an important issue? why/why not? For those who do recognise it as an issue, what sorts of things would they be doing (e.g. cleaning rods, nets, waders, boats etc after each trip/ when moving between different waterways) What arguments could be used to persuade anglers of the importance of bio-security? Communicating with Anglers If a government body such as NNSS or Defra wanted to communicate with anglers what would be the most effective ways of doing this? what role might angling clubs and other angling organisations play? Which organisations? what papers/magazines etc might represent effective channels? Would editorial coverage be more effective than a direct call for action by DEFRA? are there any well respected people in the angling community that other anglers would listen to and who could possibly act as spokes people reactions to other possible methods of communicating with anglers: information leaflets notice boards at fisheries information at retail outlets a website facilities for the safe disposal of NNS Summing up What would the consider to be the 2-3 most important things that NNSS and/or Defra could do to persuade anglers of the importance of NNS which would encourage them to change their behaviour? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 207 3.1.2 Retail Trade Representatives Introductions Moderator explains the focus of the interview is three-fold: to gain a better appreciation of the size and structure of the retail trade (horticultural trade, aquatic plants & animals, pet trade) prior to undertaking a formal survey to get some insights into the attitudes and behaviour of the trade in relation to INNS to consider what could be done to encourage the trade to take more positive steps to address the issue of INNS Respondent introduces himself and the organisation(s) he represents and what his role is in relation to INNS The Trade You’re talking to someone who knows almost nothing about the retail trade so I would like you to provide me with a crash course to help me understand the size and structure of the retail trade and how it functions. My main interest is that part of the trade that sells plants and animals to the public overall size/structure in terms of number of organisations and different types of organisations e.g. multiple specialist, multiple generalist, independents with small number of outlets, independent with sole outlet, etc to what extent is there a cross-over between garden, aquatic and pet – either the same organisation offering all/some or one type of outlet renting space to another e.g. aquatic centre in a garden centre relative importance of different parts of the trade in terms of sales/customers/footfall etc decision makers: who are the key decision makers especially in terms of what is stocked and where it is sourced; are there 1-2 key decision makers or several; with the multiples, are the decisions taken at head office level or more locally? do retailers operate a policy in terms of what they do/do not stock? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 208 stock: from where do retailers source their stock? reasons for this what factors drive the choice of stock – e.g. easily propagated stock that is cheap to source, customer demand, trying to find a point of difference what are the key steps involved in terms of identifying a source of supply to having it on sale in an outlet? current trends: what are the current or recent trends within the industry? what has been driving this? industry influencers/channels of communication what are the key trade organisations or other bodies that retailers are likely to belong to or take note of are there industry publications that retailers are likely to receive and which would influence their views are there other key influencers that retailers respect are there other channels of communication that are widely used by the trade trade sources are there directories or other sources that provide listings of the trade INNS To what extent is the trade aware of the issue of INNS if yes: what is driving this level of awareness? what information is the trade receiving? from where? if no: why is this? How knowledgeable is the trade about the species they stock – would they know which species are native and which are not? Would they know which non-native species are or have the potential to be invasive? Which INNS are currently on sale in England at the moment? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 209 how widely available are these species – stocked by all/many/some/a few retailers what are the main drivers behind this: customer demand, availability, ease of importing, costs/profitability etc to what extent is the sale of such species important in terms of revenue/profits? To what extent is the trade aware of the horticultural code of practice? Why is this? To what extent do they adhere to it? What are the tangible signs that it is being adhered to? What is the trade’s view of the issue: an important issue and one that they need to be taking steps to address an important issue but one that other people should be tackling? who? why would they consider it an issue for someone else to tackle? a relatively unimportant issue; why is this? What steps are individual retailers taking to address the issue? would they have a policy in place relating to INNS? not stocking certain species? providing POS information and advice to customers – does this include information on plant labels for example or advice on how to manage and dispose of such species? Encouraging the Trade to Address the Issue of INNS In the respondent’s opinion, what would be the most effective ways of encouraging the trade to take more positive steps to address this issue? Views on encouraging the trade not to stock certain species: a ban on the import and sale of certain species a voluntary ban on the sale of certain species – how could this be introduced in a way that would be effective; which industry bodies would need to be involved? how could it be policed? clearer guidelines about what is invasive, the problems they cause and the reasons why they should not be sold Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 210 Views on encouraging the trade to provide customers with information and guidelines; what form might this take: information on product labels – how explicit should this be; what should it consist of? leaflets/posters at PoS better informed staff able to offer advice whenever a certain species is purchased, the customer is handed a leaflet explaining the issues of INNS information on how to dispose of unwanted pets/plants facilities for the disposal of such species Views on the government raising awareness of INNS among the public would the trade be for or against this what sort of messages would they like to see conveyed in any campaign? What help/assistance would the trade want/need from the government/Defra to what extent would the trade welcome or resist information and advice from the government/Defra (probe on both)? why is this? What role should trade bodies play? Is the trade more likely to respond to trade bodies than the government/Defra? What lessons, if any, can be learned from previous examples – for example, a few years ago there was a sudden and dramatic shift away from the sale of peat from unsustainable sources – how did this come about – who was it driven by (trade, consumer, government, trade bodies etc) and what were the significant factors that resulted in the change Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 211 4 Quantitative Research: The General Public 4.1 Structuring the Sample The sample was structured to be representative of the population of adults (16+) in England in terms of gender, age, SEG, Government Office Regions and location (urban and rural). The relevant profile data for England are provided in 4.1.1. and the sample profile we set out to achieve is described in 4.1.2. 4.1.1 Overall Profile of Population Aged 16+ in England Gender % GOR* Male 48 SE 16.3 Female 52 SW 10.0 London 14.6 East of England 10.9 100 Age % 16-24 13 East Midlands 8.5 25-34 19 West Midlands 10.8 35-44 18 Yorks & Humberside 10.1 45-54 15 North West 13.7 55-64 16 North East 5.1 65+ 19 Total 100.0 100 SEG ABC1 50 C2DE 50 100 #Source: TNS Omnibus 2007 Location* % Major urban 33 Large urban 14 Other urban 27 Large market town 8 Rural town 9 Village 7 Dispersed 3 *Source: DEFRA Rural Focus Reports. Data based on 2001 Census urban (81%) rural (19%) Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 212 The seven categories of location shown above are based on a classification used in the census. The Urban vs. Rural split is obtained by combining the top 4 and bottom 3 categories. The percentages correspond to those used by TNS Omnibus. Defra has also developed a classification at the local authority level. Any one local authority area is likely to include a mix of two or more of the above location types. The Local Authority classification derives an overall ‘measure’ and involves 6 categories: major urban large urban other urban significant rural rural 50 (50% of population living in rural towns, villages or dispersed) rural 80 (80% of population living in rural towns, villages or dispersed). This definition was used as the basis of drawing the sample for this research. The method of selecting the research locations is described in 4.1.3. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 213 4.1.2 Sample Structure National Profile Sample Profile Gender % % N Male 48 50 300 Female 52 50 300 100 100 600 16-24 13 16.7 100 25-34 19 16.7 100 35-44 18 16.7 100 45-54 15 16.7 100 55-64 16 16.7 100 65+ 19 16.7 100 100 100 600 ABC1 50 50 300 C2DE 50 50 300 100 100 600 SE 16.3 12 72 SW 10.0 11 66 London 14.6 11 66 East of England 10.9 11 66 East Midlands 8.5 11 66 West Midlands 10.8 11 66 Yorks & Humberside 10.1 11 66 North West 13.7 11 66 North East 5.1 11 66 Total 100 100 600 Urban 81 80 480 Rural 19 20 120 100 600 Age SEG GOR* Location Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 214 The sample profile was weighted to the national profile in the analysis using rim weighting procedures on the following variables: age, GOR and location. The gender and SEG variables were not weighted as the achieved sample profile was very close to the national profile. 4.1.3 Drawing the Sample The sample was drawn from 100 locations. The sampling points were distributed across the GORs and urban/rural locations as shown below. SE SW Lond. E of E EM WM Y&H NW NE urban 9 8 11 8 8 9 9 9 9 80 rural 3 3 0 3 3 2 2 2 2 20 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 100 At each sampling point, we drew a sample quota as follows: male 3 female 3 16-24 1 25-34 1 35-44 1 45-54 1 55-64 1 65+ 1 ABC1 3 C2DE 3 The main challenge was in how to select locations that reflect the urban vs. rural split and, in particular, choosing sampling points that met the definition of rural The Defra classification based on the six categories described above has been developed at the local authority level. This is helpful in selecting areas that fall into each category but it was not precise enough for our purposes – a local authority that is defined as rural may include some suburban or urban towns. Sampling locations were selected using a Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 215 combination of an interactive tool available at (http://www.rerc.ac.uk/interactivemaps/tool2.html) and large scale OS maps as follows: For each GOR we selected a number of local authorities that are classified as Urban (Major urban or Large urban), Suburban (Other urban or Significant rural) and Rural (Rural 50 or Rural 80). This was done using the interactive tool and applying the following criteria: within each category, we selected a mix of sub-categories; for example, in choosing four ‘Suburban’ local authorities we aimed to select two ‘Other urban’ and two ‘Significant rural’ aiming to get a spread of locations across the GOR We then chose specific urban and suburban locations by choosing appropriate cities and towns The rural locations were selected by checking on maps for small towns and villages not designated as urban or suburban on the interactive map. From a practical point of view, we did not want to be too prescriptive in terms of which rural locations should be used for the interviews. We needed some flexibility in case there are no suitable interviewers to cover a location. For this reason, we selected more rural locations than we needed and allow the field agency to select those where they had suitable interviewers. 4.1.4 Sample Locations The following instructions were given to interviewers regarding the choice of locations. A list of sampling locations are given below. These are grouped by GOR. In the tables: the red and yellow rows refer to urban locations. Red represents major cities/conurbations while yellow represents other urban areas. Green represents rural locations. On the accompanying maps a slightly different colour coding is used (major cities/conurbations = Red or Orange; other urban areas = lighter and darker shades of yellow; rural locations = lighter and darker shades of green). Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 216 Wherever possible, each table gives 2 choices for each location – either one of these can be used but not both. The suggested locations are highlighted in bold and underlined; the alternative locations are shaded in a lighter colour. The sampling locations have been chosen from different Local Authority areas. Within each Local Authority, one or more sampling points have been given. One or all of these can be used to achieve the quota of 6 interviews. Care needs to be taken to ensure the actual locations used fall within the Local Authority area. For example, the Manchester sampling point should lie within the City of Manchester local authority while the Trafford sampling point should fall within the Trafford council area. With the urban locations (red and yellow rows of the tables), the Local Authority name and the chosen sampling point often go under the same name. Where the Local Authority name does not relate to a particular town or city, one or more options are given. For example, Mole Valley council (in the South East) where the sample locations are either Dorking or Leatherhead. Care needs to be taken with the rural locations. These must all be small towns and villages and these will not correspond to the main town(s) within the Local Authority area. We have provided a range of possible examples to choose from although other examples are possible, provided they are small rural towns and villages. It would be perfectly acceptable to recruit half the sample from one village and half from a nearby village. If you decide to use sampling points that are different from those shown, you must check with us first. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 217 East of England First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points Southend on Sea Southend on Sea Castle Point South Benfleet / Canvey Island Watford Watford Three Rivers Rickmansworth / Abbots Langley / South Oxey Epping Forest Theydon Bois / Waltham Abbey / Loughton Broxbourne Chesthunt / Hoddesdon Dacorum Hemel Hempstead / Berhamsted Rochford Rayleigh / Hawkwell 2a Norwich Norwich Great Yarmouth Great Yarmouth 2b Bedford Bedford North Herts Hitchin / Letchworth 2c Brentwood Brentwood Chelmsford Chelmsford 2d St Albans St Albans Hertsmere Borehamwood / Bushey Huntingdonshire Sawtry / Great Gidding / Stilton Fenland Chatteris / Doddington / Ranson Moor Braintree Great Yedham / Sible Hedington / Castle Hedrington St Edmundsbury Kedington / Ixworth / Great Barton / Bardwell Suffolk Coastal Saxmundham / Aldeburgh/ Leison / Framlingham Mid Suffolk Elmswell / Needham Market / Wetherden 1a 1b 1c 1d 3a 3b 3c Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 218 2a 2a 3a 3a 3b 3c 2b 3c 2b 1d 3b 2d 1c 2d 2c 1c 2c 1d 1b 1a Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 219 East Midlands First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points 1a Leicester Leicester (city) Oadby & Wigston Oadby / Wigston 1b Nottingham Nottingham (city) Gedling Arnold / Carlton Broxtowe Stapleford / Beeston / Eastwood Erewash Long Eaton / Breaston 2a Chesterfield Chesterfield Mansfield Mansfield 2b Northampton Northampton Corby Corby Charnwood Loughborough / Quorndon / Shepshed Hinckley & Bosworth Hinckley Lincoln Lincoln Boston Bosyon Amber Valley Belper / Hearnor / Ripley / Duffield South Derbyshire Swadlincote / Melbourne East Lindsey Horncastle / Hundleby / Coningsby North Kesteven Ruskington / Metherington South Northamptonshire Middleton Cheney / Kings Sutton / Roade / Hartwell / Denton / Brafield on the Green Daventry Gailsborough / Hollowell / Creaton / Ravensthorpe Newark & Sherwood Southwell / Boughton / Sutton on rent / Collingham Bassettlaw Misterton / Walkeringha/ Gringley on the Hill / Beckingham 1c 2c 2d 2e 3a 3b 3c Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 220 2d 3c 3a 2a 2a 3c 3a 2e 1c 1b 1b 2d 1c 2e 2c 2c 2b 1a 3b 2b 3b Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 221 London First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points 1a Barking and Dagenham any Havering any 1b Brent any Harrow any 1c Croydon any Sutton any 1d Enfield any Barnett any 1e Hammersmith & Fulham any Kensington & Chelsea any 1f Islington any Camden any 1g Lambeth any Southwark any 1h Newham any Hackney any 1i Waltham Forest any Haringey any 1j Hillingdon any Hounslow any 1k Bromley any Bexley any Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 222 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 223 North East First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points 1a Newcastle Newcastle 1b Chester-le-Street Chester-le-Street 1c Sunderland Sunderland / Washington 1d North Tyneside Whitely Bay / Bolden/ Hebburn 1e Stockton on Tees Stockton-on-Tees/Billingham 1f Middlesbrough Middlesbrough Redcar & Cleveland Redcar / Markse by the sea / Saltburn by the sea / Guisborough 2a Darlington Darlington 2b Hartlepool Hartlepool Alnwick Teasdale 1g 3a 3b Local Authority Sampling points Gateshead Gateshead South Tyneside South Shields Alnwick / Alnmouth / Amble / Thropton / Rothbury Berwick on Tweed Bamburgh / Seahouses / Wooler / Middleton Hall/ Chatton Barnard Castle / Middleton in Tees / Mickleton / Bowes Wear Valley Stanhope / Tow Law / Wolsingham Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 224 3a 3a 1d 1a 1c 1b 3b 2b 3b 1e 2a 1f 1g Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 225 North West First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points 1a Manchester Manchester (city) Trafford Stretford / Sale / Urmiston / Altrincham 1b Knowsley Knowsley / Huyton / Kirky / Roby Liverpool Liverpool 1c Oldham Oldham Rochdale Rochdale 1d Wyre Fleetwood / Thornton Fylde Lytham St Annes / Kirkham 1e Wirral Birkenhead / Bebington / Heswell / Wallasy Ellesmere Port & Neston Ellesmere Port / Neston 2a Barrow in Furness Barrow in Furness Blackburn with Darwen Blackburn 2b Burnley Burnley / Padiham Pendle Nelson/ Colne / Barrowford 2c Carlisle Carlisle Lancaster Lancaster / Heysham / Morecombe 2d Crewe & Nantwich Crewe / Nantwich Chester Chester 3a South lakes Windermere / Ambleside / Milnthorpe / Grange over Sands Eden Kirkby Stephen / Alston / Appleby in Westmorland 3b Copeland Cleator Moor / Egremont / St Bees / Millom Ribble Valley Longridge / Salesbury / Whalley Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 226 3a 2c 3b 3a 2a 3b 1d 2b 1c 1b 1a 1e 2d Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 227 South East First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points 1a Dartford Dartford Gravesham Gravesend / Northfleet 1b Mole Valley Dorking / Leatherhead Woking Woking 1c Reading Reading Wokingham Wokingham 1d Southampton Southampton Portsmouth Portsmouth 2a Canterbury Canterbury Thanet Broadstairs / Margate / Ramsgate 2b Milton Keynes Milton Keynes Oxford Oxford 2c New Forest Ringwood / New Milton / Lymington West Berks Newbury / Thatcham 2d Guildford Guildford Hart Fleet / Church Crookham / Yateley 2e Tunbridge Wells Tunbridge Wells Maidstone Maidstone 3a Aylesbury Vale Ludgershall / Marsh Gibbon/ Quainton / Stewkley Vale of White Horse 3b Chichester Midhurst / Petworth / Fernhurts Wealden Mayfield / Heathfield / Wadhurst 3c South Oxfordshire Wallingford / Watlington / Cholsey / Sonning Common West Oxfordshire Chipping Norton / Charlbury / Hook Norton Uffington / Stanford in the Vale / Shellingford / Charney Bassett / Lydford Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 228 2b 3a 3c 2b 3c 3a 1a 1c 2c 2a 1b 2a 2d 2d 2e 1b 2e 3b 3b 2c 1d Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 229 South West First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points 1a Bournemouth Bournemouth Poole Poole 1b Bristol Bristol South Gloucester Yate / Sodbury / Thornbury / Winterbourne / Kingswood 2a Gloucester Gloucester Cheltenham Cheltenham 2b Plymouth Plymouth 2c Swindon Swindon Bath & NE Somerset Bath 2d Exeter Exeter Weymouth & Portland Weymouth 2e Torbay Torquay / Paignton / Brixham 2f Taunton Deane Taunton Sedgemoor Bridgewater / Burnham on sea 3a Salisbury Durrington / Amesbury / Shrewton / Bulford East Dorset Gussage St Michael / Gussage All Saints / Wimborne St Giles / Edmonsham / Verwood 3b North Cornwall Wadebridge / Padstow / Camelford Torridge Great Torrington / Holsworthy / Hartland West Dorset Bearminster / Punknowle / Chickerwell / Abbotsbury / Ouddletown / Buckland Newton North Dorset Sturminster Newton / Marnhall / Stalbridge / Winterborne / Whirechurch 3c Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 230 2a 1b 2c 2c 2f 3a 2f 3b 3c 3a 3c 3b 1a 2d 2e 2b Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 231 West Midlands First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points 1a Birmingham Birmingham Sandwell Oldbury / Smethwick / West Bormwich 1b Wolverhampton Wolverhampton Dudley Dudley / Halsowen 1c Stoke on Trent Stoke Newcastle under Lyme Newcastle under Lyme 1d Coventry Coventry Solihull Solihull 2a Nuneaton and Bedworth Nuneaton / Bedworth Tamworth Tamworth 2b Telford and Wreakin Telford / Bedworth Shrewsbury & Atcham Shrewsbury 2c Bromsgrove Bromsgrove Wyre Forest Kidderminster / Stourport on Severn 2d Stafford Stafford East Staffordshire Burton on Trent 2e Warwick Warwick / Leamington Spa / Kenilworth Rugby Rugby 3a South Shropshire Lydbury North / Clun / Bishops Castle Bridgenorth Much Wenlock / Albrighton / Shifnal Herefordshire Ledbury / Much Marcle / Hay on Wye / Whitney on Wye / Kington Malvern Hills Upton on Severn / Longdon / Malvern Wells / Little Malvern 3b Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 232 1c 1c 2d 2d 2b 2b 2a 1b 3a 1a 3a 1b 2a 1a 1d 2c 1d 2c 3b 3b Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 233 Yorks & Humberside First Choice Second Choice Local Authority Sampling points Local Authority Sampling points 1a Leeds Leeds 1b Bradford Bradford Kirklees Huddersfield 1c Wakefield Wakefield 1d Sheffield Sheffield 1e Hull Hull Rotherham Rotherham 2a York York Harrogate Harrogate / Ripon / Knaresborough 2b North East Lincolnshire Grimsby / Cleethorpes / Immingham Calderdale Halifax Doncaster Doncaster 2c Scarborough Scarborough / Whitby 2d Barnsley Barnsley / Worsborough / Royston / Dearne 3a East Riding Pocklington / Hornsea/ Withersea / Keyingham /North Newbold North Lincolnshire Brigg / Broughton / Barton on Humber / Goxhill / Ulceby 3b Richmondshire Richmond / Catterick Hambleton Bedale / Easingwold / Thirsk Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 234 2c 3b 3b 2a 2a 3a 1b 1a 1d 2b/c 1c 1a/b/c 3a 2d 2d 2b 1d/e 1e Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 235 4.2 The Interview 4.2.1 General Public Questionnaire Enter 4 digit Location code: The survey is being carried out on behalf of DEFRA - the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. DEFRA is interested in hearing people's opinions on a number of things about wildlife. The interview will take about half an hour to complete. SECTION A: Quotas & Demographics First of all, I should like to ask you a few questions about yourself. This is to ensure we interview a good cross-section of the general public A1 A2 A3 Record Respondent's Gender male ................................................... 1 female ................................................ Use SHOWCARD A2: record Respondent's Age 1 16-24 .......................... 35-44 .......................... 2 25-34 .......................... 45-54 .......................... 3 4 2 55-64 .......................... 65 and above ............. 5 6 Record whether respondent has any children (please record whether the respondent has any children of their own - so in the case of a teenage respondent living in the parental home you should use code 1 unless respondent has a child of their own) 1 3 Does not have children ...................... Has 1 or more child aged 12-16 ......... 2 Has 1 or more child aged under 12 .... Has 1 or more son/daughter aged 17 4 or older ............................................... ASK the following questions as necessary to establish social grade of the Chief Wage Earner Note to data entry: enter response to A3g only A4a Occupation of Chief Wage Earner A4d If Local Authority/Civil Service/Armed Forces: ask for grade/rank A4b If Retired: ask for previous occupation and if private pension received A4e Training/Qualifications: A4f Industry: A4c A4g A5 If Self employed/Managerial: ask for number of employees responsible for Now code Social Grade 1 AB................. C1 ................. Record full postcode: explain this information will only be used to analyse where the people we interview are from 2 A6 C2 ................. 3 DE................. 4 Would you say that the location where you live is... READ OUT (except DK) 1 Urban ............................................. 2 Rural .............................................. 3 Semi urban/semi-rural.................... 4 Don't Know..................................... Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 236 SECTION B: Animals and Birds B1 Do you, or does any member of your family that lives with you, have any pets or keep any animals or birds? ASK B2-B8 SKIP TO Section C 1 2 Yes ............................... No ................................. B2 SHOWCARD B2 Which of the following types of animals or birds do you and/or other members of your immediate family own? PROMPT TILL EXHAUSTED: any others? 01 23 1 Cat............................ 23 Tropical fish ............. 44 Salamander ............. 02 2 Dog........................... 24 Saltwater/marine 45 Snake ...................... 24 fish................................ 03 3 Chinchilla .................. 46 Terrapin ................... 25 Other type of fish 04 4 Ferret........................ 47 Tortoise ................... (tick here & write in 05 5 Gerbil........................ 48 Other 25 below @ B4)................. reptile/amphibian (tick 06 6 Guinea Pig................ 26 ..................................... here & write in below 07 7 Hamster .................... 27 ..................................... @ B6) ........................... 08 8 Horse/pony ............... 28 ..................................... ..................................... 09 9 Mouse....................... 29 ..................................... 50 Spider ...................... 10 10 Rabbit ..................... 30 ..................................... 51 Stick insect .............. 11 11 Rat........................... 31 31 Budgerigar............... 52 Other 12 Other small insect/invertebrate (tick 32 32 Canary..................... mammal (tick here & here & write in below 33 33 Finch........................ 12 write in below @ B3) .... @ B7) ........................... 34 34 Parrot....................... 13 ..................................... ..................................... 35 Other type of bird 14 ..................................... ..................................... (tick here & write in 15 ..................................... 55 Some other type of 35 below @ B5)................. 16 ..................................... pet (tick here & write in 36 ..................................... below @ B8)................. 17 ..................................... 37 ..................................... ..................................... 18 ..................................... 38 ..................................... ..................................... 19 ..................................... 39 ..................................... ..................................... 20 ..................................... 40 ..................................... ..................................... 21 Goldfish (in 41 41 Frog/Toad................ 21 60 Any type of farm aquarium/pond etc) ...... 42 42 Lizard....................... animal........................... 22 Koi carp (in 43 43 Newt ........................ 22 aquarium/pond etc) ...... B3 Other small mammal B6 Other type of amphibian/reptile B4 Other type of fish B7 Other type of insect/invertebrate (record if kept in a tank/aquarium or in a pond) B5 Other type of bird B8 Some other type of pet 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 237 SECTION C: Gardens C1 ASK ALL Do you have a garden? Yes .............................................................................................. No ................................................................................................ C2 C4 ASK C2 2 SKIP to Section D 1 ASK C3 2 SKIP to C4 ASK ALL WITH GARDEN Does your garden have a pond or water feature? Yes .............................................................................................. No ................................................................................................ C3 1 ASK ALL WITH POND OR WATER FEATURE Does your pond or water feature contain...? Read out and tick whichever apply plants ........................................................................................... fish ............................................................................................... other aquatic life .......................................................................... none of these............................................................................... ASK ALL WITH A GARDEN Who decides what sorts of plants you grow in your garden? Respondent is solely responsible for deciding what sorts of plants are grown .......................................................................... Respondents is responsible along with other members of the family for deciding what sorts of plants are grown ....................... Respondent is not at all responsible for deciding what sorts of plants are grown .......................................................................... 1 2 3 4 1 ASK C5 to C7 2 ASK C5 to C7 3 SKIP to Section D ASK ALL WITH GARDEN C5 - C7 C5 SHOWCARD C5 Where do you/you and other members of your family get plants for your garden/garden and pond? Which of the things on this list do you use/do? 01 1 Garden Centre ....................................................................................................... 02 2 Retail nursery (where they grow their own plants and sell them to the public) ...... 03 3 DIY Store (eg B&Q, Homebase etc) ...................................................................... 04 4 Supermarket........................................................................................................... 5 Aquatic shop/centre (specialises in aquatic plants and animals; may be located 05 in a garden centre) ..................................................................................................... 06 6 Mail order ............................................................................................................... 07 7 Market/market stall................................................................................................. 08 8 From a website....................................................................................................... 09 9 Been given them by friends/relatives ..................................................................... 10 10 From wild plants from my local area (eg taking cuttings, uprooting) .................... 11 11 Brought plants/cuttings etc home when I've been on holiday abroad ................... 12 12 By some other method (tick here & write in below) ............................................... Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 238 C6 SHOWCARD C6 Which, if any, of the following information and advice do you use to help you decide what plants to buy for your garden/garden and pond? 01 1 Staff in Garden Centres, nurseries etc ................................................................... 02 2 Labels on plants ..................................................................................................... 03 3 Information on seed packets .................................................................................. 04 4 Gardening programmes on TV/radio...................................................................... 05 5 Gardening magazines ............................................................................................ 06 6 Gardening books.................................................................................................... 07 7 Gardening organisations such as RHS, Kew Gardens etc ..................................... 08 8 Newspapers ........................................................................................................... 09 9 Internet................................................................................................................... 10 10 Friends/relatives................................................................................................... 11 11 By some other source of information/advice (tick here & write in below) .............. 12 12 I don't use any information or advice when buying plants ..................................... C7 SHOWCARD C7 Which of these describe how you dispose of plants from your garden/garden and pond you no longer want? Any others? Code all that apply 01 1 Compost them........................................................................................................ 02 2 Put them in the council garden waste .................................................................... 03 3 Put them in the dustbin/waste bin .......................................................................... 04 4 Burn them .............................................................................................................. 05 5 Take them to the tip/refuse dump ........................................................................... 06 6 Plant them in the wild ............................................................................................. 07 7 Dispose of them in the wild (e.g. thrown them into a hedgerow)............................ 08 8 Put aquatic plants into a pond, river or lake ........................................................... 09 9 Put live fish/other aquatic animals into a pond, river or lake .................................. 10 10 Something else (tick here and write in below)....................................................... 11 11 None of the above................................................................................................. SECTION D: Wildlife Management ASK ALL D1 - D4 D1 D2 Have you come across the term 'wildlife management' before? 1 2 Yes ............................. No............................... Don't Know/Unsure .... 3 What do you think is meant by the term 'wildlife management'? Anything else? SHOWCARD D3: Here is a definition of wildlife management that I should like to use. READ OUT DEFINITION. Leave definition on view until you get to Section E Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 239 SHOWCARD D3/D4 I am going to read out to you some of the reasons why wildlife management may be necessary. The methods of control vary. In some situations, it may be necessary to kill the plants or animals causing the problem. Where appropriate, other methods are used such as: erecting fences to exclude animals from an area, moving plants and animals to another location, biological control such as keeping birds of prey at airports to scare off other birds, providing wildlife with methods of crossing busy roads (such as tunnels). For each of the reasons I read out, I should like you to tell me whether or not you agree that wildlife should be managed. Please choose your answer from this card. There is no right or wrong answer, it is your personal opinion we are interested in. D3 READ OUT REASONS. ROTATE YOUR STARTING POINT AND INDICATE THIS WITH A TICK AGAINST THE STATEMENT. If respondents cannot decide, code under 'Don't Know'. If respondent says 'it depends', encourage them to choose one of the options that comes closest to how they feel. If necessary, code under 'neither agree/disagree' or as 'don't know' Agree somewhat Strongly agree Disagree somewhat Neither Strongly disagree Don't Know To prevent, control and eradicate the outbreak of diseases such as rabies and foot and mouth......................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 6 To protect livestock e.g. from foxes .................. 1 2 3 4 5 6 To protect crops e.g. from birds ........................ To protect buildings and other infrastructure e.g. closing rabbit burrows that are undermining foundations .................................. To conserve habitats e.g. controlling deer that are causing damage to woodland.............. To protect important nesting sites from predators .......................................................... To protect human health e.g. controlling rats and mice ........................................................... To protect human safety e.g. to reduce the chances of road traffic accidents ...................... To enable new developments (roads, factories, housing, etc.) to take place ............... 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 240 D4 SHOWCARD D3/D4 I'm going to read to you some things that other people have said about wildlife management. In each case, I'd like you to tell me how much you agree by choosing one of the answers from this card. There is no right or wrong answer, it is your personal opinion we are interested in. Read out statements. Rotate your starting point and indicate this with a tick against the first statement. If respondent says 'it depends', encourage them to choose one of the options that comes closest to how they feel. If necessary, code under 'neither agree/disagree' or as 'don't know' Agree somewhat Strongly agree There should be rules and regulations about the methods used to control wildlife.................. Where it is necessary to kill animals, only THE MOST humane methods should be used even if this means it costs more............... Where wildlife is causing a serious problem, I am willing to support more drastic measures of wildlife management if this provides an effective long-term solution............................... Rather than managing wildlife, we should make a far greater effort to change our own behaviour.......................................................... If a plant is causing a serious problem, we should take steps to deal with it even if this means killing the plant in question.................... When it comes to wildlife management, I don't have any problems with the killing of plants or animals that pose a risk to human health and safety .............................................. I don't think man has the right to manage wildlife - we should leave nature to take it's own course ....................................................... If an animal is causing a serious problem, we should take steps to deal with it even if this means killing the animal in question ................. Disagree somewhat Neither Strongly disagree Don't know 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 SECTION E: Invasive Non-Native Species E1 ASK ALL E1 - E11 Have you come across the following terms before? Read out each term and code as appropriate. Rotate your starting point and indicate this with a tick against the first statement. Yes Native species ........................................................ Non-native species ................................................. Alien Species.......................................................... Invasive non-native species.................................... Invasive alien species E2 Don't Know/Unsure No 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 What do you think is meant by the term non-native species? Anything else? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 241 E3 What do you think is meant by the term invasive non-native species? Anything else? E4 Have you seen or heard any recent publicity about invasive non-native species 1 Ask E5 2 Skip to E6 Yes ............. No............... E5 ASK ALL ANSWERING YES @ E4 Where did you see and/or hear this publicity? DO NOT PROMPT Where possible, use codeframes below otherwise Tick 'Other' and write answer in box below. 1 BBC Breakfast TV .............................. Any other Radio programme .............. 2 BBC Radio ......................................... Any other Website/internet................. 3 BBC Website/Internet......................... Any Newspaper.................................. 4 Any other TV programme ................... Other (tick here and write in below).... 5 6 7 8 ASK ALL SHOWCARD E6: Here are definitions of 'non-native species' and 'invasive non-native species' that I should like to use. READ OUT EACH DEFINITION. Leave showcard on display until the end of the interview E6 DO NOT PROMPT Can you suggest any 'invasive non-native species' that you are aware of in Great Britain? Any others? Where possible, use precodes or write in box below. 01 07 American mink .......................................... Slipper limpet ............................................ 02 08 Chinese mitten crab.................................. Japanese knotweed.................................. 03 09 Citrus longhorn beetle .............................. Water primrose ......................................... 04 Grey squirrel ............................................. respondent unable to name any invasive 10 non-native species.................................... 05 Ruddy duck............................................... 06 Signal/American crayfish .......................... Write in all other species mentioned below E7 SHOWCARD E7/E8 Leaving aside whether or not they may be invasive non-native species, which, if any, of the animals and plants on this list are you aware of? Any others? If respondent is not aware of any animals or plants on the list code as 'none of these'. 01 05 1 American mink........... 5 Red deer.................... 10 Hornbeam................ 02 06 2 Chinese mitten crab... 6 Red squirrel ............... 11 Japanese knotweed 07 3 Citrus longhorn 7 Ruddy duck ............... 12 Ragwort ................... 03 beetle............................ 08 8 Signal crayfish ........... 13 Water primrose ........ 04 4 Grey squirrel .............. 09 9 Slipper limpet............. 14 None of these .......... 10 11 12 13 14 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 242 E8 SHOWCARD E7/E8 Which, if any, of the animals and plants on this list do you know to be invasive non-native species that are present in Great Britain? Any others? If respondent does not recognise any or does not know - code as 'none of these'. If respondent is unsure about any animals or plants do not code. 01 05 1 American mink........... 5 Red deer.................... 10 Hornbeam................ 02 06 2 Chinese mitten crab... 6 Red squirrel ............... 11 Japanese knotweed 07 3 Citrus longhorn 7 Ruddy duck ............... 12 Ragwort ................... 03 beetle............................ 08 8 Signal crayfish ........... 13 Water primrose ........ 04 4 Grey squirrel .............. 09 9 Slipper limpet............. 14 None of these .......... 10 11 12 13 14 SHOWCARD E9 Invasive Non-native Species represent a threat to native species and can cause lots of other damage. For example, the grey squirrel carries a disease which it is resistant to but which is fatal to the native red squirrel and some aquatic plants clog up waterways and increase the risk of floods. I am going to read out some statements about invasive non-native species and I should like you to tell me whether or not you agree with what I say. Please choose your answer from this card. There is no right or wrong answer, it is your personal opinion we are interested in. E9 READ OUT REASONS. ROTATE YOUR STARTING POINT AND INDICATE THIS WITH A TICK AGAINST THE STATEMENT. If respondents cannot decide, code under 'Don't Know'. If respondent says 'it depends', encourage them to choose one of the options that comes closest to how they feel. If necessary, code under 'neither agree/disagree' or as 'don't know' Agree somewhat Strongly agree Invasive non-native species should be killed when they do significant economic damage Invasive non-native species should be killed when they threaten native British species Invasive non-native species should be killed when they pose a threat to human health E10 Disagree somewhat Neither Strongly disagree Don't Know 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 SHOWCARD E10 We are in danger of losing our native animals and plants from a variety of threats including destruction of their habitat, climate change, pollution as well as through exploitation by humans. I am interested to find out how big a threat you think invasive non-native species are relative to these other threats. In Britain, how big a threat do you think invasive, non-native species are compared to ... Read Out threats one at a time, rotating your start point and indicating this with a tick Please choose your answer from this card INNS is a bigger threat Habitat destruction e.g. as a result of development Climate change Pollution e.g. major incidents such as serious oil spills and the use of chemicals such as pesticides that build up over time Human exploitation e.g.harvesting a plant sepcies for food INNS is a smaller threat About the same threat Don't Know 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Thank and close Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 243 4.2.2 Interviewer Guidelines Purpose The survey is being conducted on behalf of the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). DEFRA would like to find out what the public think about a number of issues relating to wildlife. The interview should take up to 30 minutes to complete. Respondents receive a £5 incentive. Locations The survey is being conducted with a broadly representative sample of the general public in England. The sample is being drawn from across the 9 Government Office Regions (GORs). Within each GOR, we are aiming to carry out interviews at 11-12 different locations. The locations have been selected to represent: major urban areas/large cities other large/medium size urban towns small rural towns and villages. As this survey is about people’s views on wildlife, we might expect to find differences in opinion between people living in rural locations and those living in urban settings. For this reason, the choice of locations is very important – especially the rural locations. We want to focus on small rural towns and villages only so even though an average size market town may be surrounded by countryside, we want to avoid interviewing people who live in such towns and focus on smaller surrounding towns and villages. We have provided some suggested locations for the research and, wherever possible, we recommend these are used. If it is necessary to change any of the locations, you must get approval first – this is especially true for the rural locations. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 244 Quotas At each location, we should like you to conduct 6 interviews as follows: male 3 female 3 16-24 1 25-34 1 35-44 1 45-54 1 55-64 1 65+ 1 ABC1 3 C2DE 3 The younger respondents may be teenagers living in the parental home or young adults living in their own home. Please aim to achieve a spread within each SEG quota i.e. a mix of AB and C1 and of C2 and DE. Each respondent must be from a different household. The Interview Please be sure to enter your 4 digit location code on the top of the first page. You will find this code on the first show card. For precoded questions, please put a tick or a cross in the box or boxes corresponding to respondents’ answers. If you make a mistake, please clearly cross out any answers that should not be coded. Write the answers to open ended questions in the boxes provided. If you tick any of the ‘Other – tick here and write in below’ precodes, be sure to write in the answer in the box provided as well as ticking the precode. The questionnaire is divided into 5 sections labelled A to E Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 245 Section A: Quotas and Demographics A1-2 Record gender and age A3 Record whether or not respondent has any children of their own in each age band (there are no quotas here). Please note: this question only refers to the respondent so if you are interviewing the teenage son or daughter in a family, you would only use codes 2-4 if the teenage son or daughter has children of their own. A4a-g Please record all the information required to determine SEG than code SEG at A4g A5 Record respondent’s full postcode. If necessary, explain this will only be used to help us analyse where our sample of respondents are from A6 Find out from respondents whether they consider the location where they live to be urban, rural or semi-urban/semi-rural. This may differ from our definition based on sampling locations – that is fine. Section B: Animals and Birds B1 Find out if any member of the respondent’s household keeps any animals or birds including any type of farm animal. If no one keeps such animals, skip to Section C. B2 Use the show card and record all the different types of animals and birds that are kept. We do not need to know how many animals are kept, just the different types. The show card lists the main types of animals grouped into categories. Where appropriate, use the precodes otherwise code as ‘other …….’ and write in a description in the appropriate boxes. All different types of farm animals should be coded as ‘60 Any type of farm animal’ – so if a respondent has several different farm animals you will code them just once. Section C: Gardens C1 Find out if the respondent has a garden. If they do not, skip to Section D. C2-3 Find out if the garden contains a pond or water feature. If it does, find out if it contains plants, fish or any other form of aquatic life. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 246 C4 Find out if respondent is responsible (either solely or with others) for deciding what sorts of plants are grown in the garden. If the respondent is not responsible for this (e.g. a teenager living in the parental home) skip to Section D C5 Find out where respondents get their plants for their garden (and pond if they have one) – record all the methods used and not just the most frequent methods C6 Find out all the different sources of information and advice used to help decide which plants to buy for their garden (and pond if they have one) C7 This question is about how respondents dispose of any unwanted plants from their garden (and pond if they have one). This could be for any reason – the plants might be diseased or not doing very well, they might be growing too well and taking over – whatever the reason, we would like to know how people dispose of them. The question also covers aquatic plants and fish where these are present Section D: Wildlife Management D1-2 Ask respondents if they have come across the term ‘wildlife management’ before and then ask them what they think the term means. If they haven’t come across it before, you may need to encourage them to suggest what they think it refers to. Please record their full reply prompting as necessary. At this point you should read out the definition of wildlife management from show card D3 and then leave it in front of the respondent until you get to Section E of the questionnaire. Please note: we do not need to ask respondents anything about the definition and if they offer opinions you do not need to record them. The point of providing the definition is so that everyone taking part in the survey bases their answers to the next questions on the same definition. D3 Read out the preamble to the question and give respondent show card D3/D4. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 247 Read out each statement one at a time. Choose a different starting point and indicate this by ticking the first statement you read out. We want respondents to tell us to what extent they agree that wildlife should be managed for the reason described in the statement. Please note: the show card lists 5 response options and you should try to encourage respondents to use these. If they do not have an opinion either for or against, you should code this as ‘neither agree nor disagree’. If they really don’t know how to respond, code as ‘don’t know’ on the questionnaire. Some respondents may state that their view depends on the actual circumstances. Try to encourage them to choose an answer from the show card that comes closest to how they feel but if they cannot do this, code as ‘Don’t know’ on the questionnaire. D4 Now read out the series of statements one at a time. Choose a different start point and indicate this with a tick. Using the same show card (D3/D4), ask respondents to decide the extent to which they agree or disagree with each statement. If they do not have an opinion either for or against, you should code this as ‘neither agree nor disagree’. If they really don’t know how to respond, code as ‘don’t know’ on the questionnaire. Section E: Invasive Non-native Species E1 Start of by reading out the five terms – do this in the order they appear on the questionnaire – and find out if these are terms respondents have come across before. E2 Ask everyone what they think is meant by the term ‘non-native species’ and record their full verbatim reply. Prompt as necessary. E3 Do the same for the term ‘invasive non-native species’. E4-E5 Ask if they have come across any recent publicity about invasive non-native species and, if so, where they came across it. DO NOT PROMPT. Only use codes 1,2 or 3 if the respondent explicitly refers to them otherwise code under the more general categories. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 248 For your information: there was quite a lot of information recently on the BBC but there have also been news stories in the papers. At this point you should read out the definitions of non-native species and invasive nonnative species from show card E6 and then leave it in front of the respondent until you get to the questionnaire. If necessary, allow respondent time to take these in. Please note: we do not need to ask respondents anything about the definitions and if they offer opinions you do not need to record them. The point of providing the definitions is so that everyone taking part in the survey bases their answers to the next questions on the same definition. E6 DO NOT PROMPT. Ask respondent if they know of any examples of invasive nonnative species in Great Britain (try to avoid recording details of examples from elsewhere). The question includes a number of precodes and you should use these if appropriate however if the answers do not fit the precodes or if you are unsure if they fit, write them into the box provided. If the respondent is unable to name any invasive nonnative species that are present in GB, use code 10. E7 Now use the show card (E7/E8) and find out which of the animals and plants the respondent is aware of irrespective of whether or not they are invasive non-native species. Please only record those species the respondent is aware of – for example, if the respondent has heard of crayfish but has not heard of the signal crayfish, you should not code it E8 Using the same show card, find out which of the species on the list the respondent knows to be invasive non-native species. If the respondent is unsure about a particular animal or plant, you should not record it. Check whether the respondent has already named any of the animals or plants at E6 and if so, tick them here as well. For your information: 9 of the things listed are examples of INNS. The red deer, the red squirrel, the hornbeam and ragwort are not – these are all native speciers. You may share this with respondents but only once they have finished answering the question. E9 Read out the preamble and give respondent show card E9. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 249 Read out the 3 statements one at a time and rotate your start point, indicating it with a tick. We want respondents to tell us to what extent they agree that invasive non-native species should be killed for the reason described in the statement. Please note: the show card lists 5 response options and you should try to encourage respondents to use these. If they do not have an opinion either for or against, you should code this as ‘neither agree nor disagree’. If they really don’t know how to respond, code as ‘don’t know’ on the questionnaire. Some respondents may state that their view depends on the actual circumstances. Try to encourage them to choose an answer from the show card that comes closest to how they feel but if they cannot do this, code as ‘Don’t know’ on the questionnaire. E10 Read out the preamble and give respondent show card E10. Read out the 4 threats to our wildlife one at a time and rotate your start point, indicating it with a tick. For each threat, we would like to find out how respondents think the threat from invasive non-native species compares. If they think INNS represents a greater threat, code under 1. If they think INNS represents less of a threat, code under 2 and if they think the two threats are about the same, code under 3. If respondents are unsure or don’t know how the two threats compare, code under 4. Thank and close. Good luck! Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 250 4.2.3 Show cards Location Codes East of England East Midlands London North East North West 1101 Southend on Sea 2101 Wigston 3101 Dagenham 4101 Newcastle 5101 Stretford / Sale Urmiston Altrincham 1102 Rickmansworth Abbots Langley South Oxey Chesthunt Hoddesdon 2102 Nottingham City 3102 Brent 4102 Chester le St 5102 Knowsley / Huyton Kirkby / Roby 2103 Long Eaton 3103 Sutton 4103 Washington 5103 Rochdale 1104 Hawkwell 2201 Mansfield 3104 Enfield 4104 Whitely Bay 5104 Lytham St Annes Kirkham 1201 Norwich 2202 Corby 3105 Hammersmith & Fulham 4105 Stockton on Tees Billingham 5105 1202 Hitchin/Letchworth 2203 Hinckley 3106 Camden 4106 Middlesbrough 5201 Birkenhead Bebington / Heswell Wallasy Blackburn 1203 Brentwood 2204 Lincoln 3107 Southwark 4107 Redcar 5202 Burnley / Padiham 1204 St Albans 2205 Belper / Hearnor Ripley / Duffield 3108 Newham 4201 Darlington 5203 Carlisle 1301 Chatteris 2301 Horncastle 3109 Waltham Forest 4202 Hartlepool 5204 Chester 1302 Bardwell 2302 Roade 3110 Hillingdon 4301 Seahouses 5301 1303 Saxmundham 2303 Collingham 3111 Bexley 4302 Barnard Castle 5302 Windermere/Amble side/ Milnthorpe/ Grange over sands Longridge Salesbury / Whalley 1103 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 251 South East South West West Mids York & Humber 6101 Dartford 7101 Bournemouth 8101 West Bromwich 9101 Leeds 6102 Dorking / Leatherhead 7102 Yate 8102 Wolverhampton 9102 Bradford 6103 Reading 7201 Gloucester 8103 Stoke 9103 Wakefield 6104 Southampton 7202 Plymouth 8104 Solihull 9104 Sheffield 6201 Canterbury 7203 Bath 8201 Nuneaton 9105 Hull 6202 Milton Keynes 7204 Exeter 8202 Telford 9201 York 6203 Newbury / Thatcham 7205 Torquay / Paignton Brixham 8203 Bromsgrove 9202 Grimsby 6204 Fleet/ Church Crookham / 7206 Taunton 8204 Stafford 9203 Barnsley Yateley 6205 Maidstone 7301 Verwood 8205 Kenilworth 9204 Doncaster 6301 Uffington / Stanford in Vale 7302 Wadebridge / Padstow 8301 Much Wenlock/ Albrighton 9301 Brigg 9302 Richmond Shellingford / Charney Camelford Shifnal Bassett / Lydford 6302 Mayfield / Heathfield Wadhurst 7303 Bearminster 8302 Ledbury / Much Marcle Hay on Wye / Whitney on Wye / Kington 6303 Chipping Norton Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 252 A2 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 and over Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 253 B2 Cats, dogs and other animals Fish Amphibians & Reptiles 1 Cat 21 Goldfish (in aquarium/pond) 41 Frog/Toad 2 Dog 22 Koi carp (in aquarium/pond) 42 Lizard 3 Chinchilla 23 Tropical fish 43 Newt 4 Ferret 24 Saltwater/marine fish 44 Salamander 5 Gerbil 25 Other type of fish 45 Snake 6 Guinea Pig 46 Terrapin 7 Hamster 47 Tortoise 8 Horse/Pony 31 Budgerigar 48 Other reptile/amphibian 9 Mouse 32 Canary Insects & Invertebrates 10 Rabbit 33 Finch 50 Spider 11 Rat 34 Parrot family (parrot, cockatoo, parakeet) 51 Stick insect 12 Other small mammal 52 Other insect/invertebrate Birds 35 Other type of bird 60 Some other type of pet 70 Any type of farm animal Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 254 C5 1 Garden Centre 2 Retail nursery (where they grow their own plants and sell them to the public) 3 DIY Store (eg B&Q, Homebase etc) 4 Supermarket 5 Aquatic shop/centre (specialises in aquatic plants and animals; may be located in a garden centre) 6 Mail order 7 Market/market stall 8 From a website 9 Been given them by friends/relatives 10 From wild plants from my local area (eg taking cuttings, uprooting) 11 Brought plants/cuttings etc home when I've been on holiday abroad 12 By some other method Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 255 C6 1 Staff in Garden Centres, nurseries etc 2 Labels on plants 3 Information on seed packets 4 Gardening programmes on TV/radio 5 Gardening magazines 6 Gardening books 7 Gardening organisations such as RHS, Kew Gardens etc 8 Newspapers 9 Internet 10 Friends/relatives 11 By some other source of information/advice 12 I don't use any information or advice when buying plants Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 256 C7 1 Compost them 2 Put them in the council garden waste 3 Put them in the dustbin/waste bin 4 Burn them 5 Take them to the tip /refuse dump 6 Plant them in the wild 7 Dispose of them in the wild (e.g. thrown them into a hedgerow) 8 Put aquatic plants into a pond, river or lake 9 Put live fish/other aquatic animals into a pond, river or lake 10 Something else 11 None of the above Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 257 D3 Wildlife Management: managing the impacts of humans on wild plants and animals as well as the impacts of wildlife on human interests Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 258 D3/D4 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree somewhat 3. Neither agree nor disagree 4. Disagree somewhat 5. Strongly disagree Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 259 E6 Non-native species Any animals or plants that have established themselves in Great Britain with the assistance of man. This includes any that were first introduced hundreds, if not thousands, of years ago. Invasive Non-native species Any non-native animal or plant that has the ability to spread causing damage to the environment, the economy, our health and the way we live. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 260 E7/E8 Animals Plants 1 American mink 10 Hornbeam 2 Chinese mitten crab 11 Japanese knotweed 3 Citrus longhorn beetle 12 Ragwort 4 Grey squirrel 13 Water primrose 5 Red deer 6 Red squirrel 7 Ruddy duck 8 Signal crayfish 9 Slipper limpet Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 261 E9 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree somewhat 3. Neither agree nor disagree 4. Disagree somewhat 5. Strongly disagree Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 262 E10 Invasive non-native species are… …a bigger threat …a smaller threat …about the same level of threat …I don’t know how they compare Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 263 Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 264 5 Quantitative Research: Anglers 5.1 The Interview 5.1.1 Questionnaire Hello, my name is ______________ and I am conducting a survey on behalf of Defra - the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Defra would like to hear the opinions of anglers on some issues about wildlife. The interview will take about 15 minutes to complete. All of your answers will be treated in the strictest confidence. Your opinions will only be be fed back to Defra on an aggregated basis along with the opinions of everyone else who takes part. Your personal details will not be passed on to Defra and they will not know who has taken part. Q1 Can I begin by asking whether you ever go freshwater fishing in England? Only continue if the respondent meets both criteria: goes freshwater fishing and in England Yes ............................................................ Go to End No.............................................................. Q2 And how often do you normally go freshwater fishing in England? Code nearest answer. once a week or more often........................ once a fortnight or more often ................... once a month or more often/12 times a year ........................................................... once every three months or more often/4 times a year............................................... once every six months or more often/twice a year ...................................... once every 12 months or more often/once Go to End a year ........................................................ Go to End less than once a year ................................ Explain that unless indicated otherwise, the questions are all about freshwater fishing in England. Q3 Would you describe yourself as a game or a coarse angler or do you do both? Game ..................................................... Both ....................................................... Coarse ................................................... Don't know ............................................. Q4 And would you describe yourself as... Read out and code all that apply A match angler - someone who takes part in fishing matches...................................... a specialist angler - someone who specialises in fishing for certain species of fish......................................................... a pleasure angler - someone who mainly fishes for pleasure .................................... none of the above ..................................... Q5 ONLY ASK IF RESPONDENT ANSWERS NO TO ALL OPTIONS AT Q4 How would you describe yourself? Q6 Are you a member of an angling club? Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 265 Q7 I am going to read to you some statements about the fish you catch. I should like you to choose the ONE statement that comes closest to describing what you do. Read out all statements except 'something else' and then ask respondent to choose the one that comes closest to what s/he does. Encourage respondent to choose an answer from the first 4 precodes. If this is not possible, code as 'something else' and write in brief description in the box below I always release every fish I catch..................................................................................... I usually release every fish I catch..................................................................................... I occasionally release a fish but I usually keep them......................................................... I never release a fish I catch unless it is too small or out of season .................................. DO NOT READ OUT: Something else (tick here and write in below) ............................... Q8 Do you ever use a 'stink bag' - that is, an air tight bag in which to keep your gear between trips? Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... Q9 How often do you air dry your keep nets, sling and landing mat? Would you say you... Read out all answers except 'something else' and code the one answer that comes closest to what the respondent does. Encourage respondent to choose an answer from the first 4 precodes. If this is not possible, code as 'something else' and write in brief description in the box below air dry your nets, sling and landing mat after every trip ..................................................... air dry your nets, sling and landing mat after some trips provided you have the time ....... occasionally air dry your nets, sling and landing mat ........................................................ never air dry your nets, sling and landing mat ................................................................... DO NOT READ OUT: Something else (tick here and write in below) ............................... Q10 Have you ever introduced a fish to a waterway or moved a fish from one waterway to another? Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... Q11 Have you heard of the term 'invasive non-native species'? Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... Q12 What do you think is meant by the term 'invasive non-native species'? Anything else? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 266 I'm going to read to a definition of an invasive non-native species: A non-native species is an animal or plant that has established itself in Great Britain with the assistance of man. This includes any that were first introduced hundreds, if not thousands, of years ago. An invasive non-native species is a non-native animal or plant that has the ability to spread causing damage to the environment, the economy, our health and the way we live. Q13 Can you name any invasive non-native species that can be found in Great Britain? Any others? Where possible, use the precodes otherwise write in answers in the box below. If respondent cannot name any INNS, tick 'None mentioned' chinese mitten crab................................ himalayan balsam.................................. signal crayfish ........................................ water fern............................................... topmouth gudgeon................................. water primrose ....................................... zander.................................................... none mentioned ..................................... floating pennywort ................................. Q14 Leaving to one side for the moment whether or not they are examples of invasive nonnative species, which of the following animals and plants would you recognise if you caught it or saw it when out fishing? Read out. If respondent would recognise an animal or plant, code under 'Yes' otherwise code under 'No', including any don't know, unsure etc YES NO/DK chinese mitten crab........... common carp........... roach........... signal crayfish........... topmouth gudgeon........... zander........... floating pennywort........... himalayan balsam........... ragwort........... water fern........... water primrose........... Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 267 Q15 Can you tell me which of the following animals and plants are considered to be invasive non-native species that can be found in Britain? Read out. If respondent believes an animal or plant is an INNS code under 'Yes' otherwise code under 'No', including any don't know, unsure etc YES NO/DK chinese mitten crab........... common carp........... roach........... signal crayfish........... topmouth gudgeon........... zander........... floating pennywort........... himalayan balsam........... ragwort........... water fern........... water primrose........... Q16 I am going to read out some of the effects invasive non-native species can have. I should like you to tell me how serious you feel each threat is. Please choose your answer from the following options very serious threat fairly serious threat not especially serious not at all serious Do not offer 'Don't Know' as an option. Try to encourage respondent to choose an answer from the four options but if necessary, code as DK Not es Very Fairly pecially Not at serserserall ious ious ious serious DK They pose a threat to native fish... ........................ They pose a threat to native plants ....................... They can carry and spread disease ...................... Some invasive non-native plants can make it difficult for anglers to get to the bankside .............. Some invasive non-native aquatic plants can make it difficult for anglers to fish .......................... They pose a threat to the future of angling............ Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 268 Q17 I am now going to read to you some things that anglers could do which would help to contour the threat of invasive non-native species. In each case, I should like you to tell me if it is something you personally would... definitely be willing to do possibly be willing to do probably would not be willing to do definitely would not be willing to do Do not offer 'Don't Know' as an option. Try to encourage respondent to choose an answer from the four options but if necessary, code as DK Def'ly be willing Poss'ly be willing Prob. not be willing Def'ly not be willing DK Never use a stink bag (an air tight bag in which to keep your gear between trips).. .................................................... Never release an invasive non-native species back into the water if you caught one.................................................. Never move any species of fish or plant from one water to another ............................................................................ Always air dry keep nets, slings and landing mats after every fishing trip................................................................... Always used a net dip before starting fishing when one is available............................................................................... Q18 Are you aware of what the legal position is regarding releasing invasive non-native species into waterways? Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... It is, in fact, an offence under the Wildlife and Countryside Act to release or allow a non-native animal or plant to escape into the wild. Q19 ASK ALL except those who would definitely never release an invasive non-native species back into the water OR those who know the legal position You said just now that you would Never release an invasive non-native species back into the water if you caught one not to release an invasive non-native species back into the water if you caught one. Does the legal position change your view on this? Go to Q20 Yes ............................................................ Go to N5 No.............................................................. Q20 So, knowing the legal position, would you say... Read out first 4 options only and try to encourage respondent to choose one of these. If necessary, code as 'don't know' you definitely would not release an invasive non-native species back into the water if you caught one.................................................................................................................. you probably would not release an invasive non-native species back into the water if you caught one.................................................................................................................. you probably would release an invasive non-native species back into the water if you caught one......................................................................................................................... you definitely would release an invasive non-native species back into the water if you caught one......................................................................................................................... DK ..................................................................................................................................... I should like to finish by asking you a few questions about yourself Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 269 Q21 Record Respondent's Gender male ....................................................... female .................................................... Q22 Record Respondent's Age 16-24 ................................................................................................................................. 25-34 ................................................................................................................................. 35-44 ................................................................................................................................. 45-54 ................................................................................................................................. 55-64 ................................................................................................................................. 65 and above..................................................................................................................... Q23 Ask the questions necessary to establish social grade. Now code Social Grade AB...................................................................................................................................... C1...................................................................................................................................... C2...................................................................................................................................... DE ..................................................................................................................................... 5.1.2 Interviewer Guidelines Who is the survey for and what is it about? The research is being conducted on behalf of the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – Defra – who are interested in the opinions of anglers on some issues relating to wildlife. The interview will last about 15 minutes. Who is eligible for interview? We want to talk to anyone who goes fresh water fishing in England at least twice a year. Freshwater fishing means fishing in rivers, ponds, canals, lakes etc including artificial ponds run by commercial fisheries. The lists are based on people who have indicated that fishing is one of their main leisure activities but this could include people who go sea fishing or people who only go fishing in, for example, Scotland. If someone goes freshwater fishing in England and Scotland, they are eligible. The Interview Q1-2 Please be sure at Q1 to check the respondent meets both criteria (goes freshwater fishing and does so in England). At Q2, ask respondents how often they go freshwater fishing in England and then use the nearest code. For example, someone who goes Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 270 fishing every couple of months would be given code 4 (‘once every three months or more often’). Before starting with the main survey, explain that the questions all refer to freshwater fishing in England unless otherwise stated. If you are interviewing someone who also goes sea fishing or fishing outside England, you may need to remind them of this during the interview. Q3 Respondents should recognise these terms and be able to self-classify. If they can’t, code as DK Q4 You can multi-code this question. We expect that the majority of respondents will classify themselves as ‘pleasure anglers’. Q5 This is only asked if respondents have said none of the three descriptions at Q4 apply – ask them how they would describe themselves. Q6 Record whether or not respondent is a member of an angling club. Q7 Different people do different things with the fish they catch – some always release the fish they catch while others will keep most/every fish. Traditionally, game fishermen always keep every fish they catch while coarse fishermen always release everything they catch but this is not always the case. Please read out the first 4 options and ask respondents to choose the one that comes closest to describing what they do. If none of the 4 options is a close fit, code under ‘something else’ and write in a description in the box provided. Q8 If respondents are unfamiliar with a ‘stink bag’, they probably don’t use one. Q9 This question asks about items of equipment most fishermen will use – nets (nets used either to land a fish or to keep fish in that they have caught), landing mats (a mat they would spread out on the riverside which they would use when unhooking a catch) and slings (something they would use to weigh their catch). Please note: the equipment used will depend on whether the respondent is a coarse or game angler: a game angler would most likely use a landing net but will not use a sling or landing mat Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 271 a coarse angler will most likely use a keep net and may or may not use a sling and landing mat It doesn’t matter what types of net are used and it isn’t necessary for the respondent to have all items of equipment. For example, if someone only uses a keep net or a landing net, then ask them how often they air dry their keep net. ‘Air drying’ simply means laying something out so it can dry naturally. Q10 This follows the same lines as Q9. Apart from air drying their gear, some anglers may clean some or all items of their equipment – for example, by washing it. If a respondent says they clean certain items but not others, code under ‘something else’ and write in a brief description. Q11 Many commercial fisheries now provide net dips – these are tanks containing chemicals which are intended to sterilise the nets - and anglers are required to soak their nets in them beg fore they start fishing. This question only relates to situations where a net dip has been provided. q12-13 Waterway refers to any freshwater – rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, canals etc. For your information, in the past, some fishermen have sometimes caught a favourite fish in one river and released it into another river in the hopes it will become established in the second river. All we need to record here is whether or not respondents have ever introduced or moved fish from one waterway to another. There are regulations governing whether or not someone can move fish in the way described. If a respondent has legally moved fish he/she is likely to know what this question refers to but if the respondent doesn’t know, code under @Don’t know what this refers to’ Q14-15 Ask respondents if they have heard of the term ‘invasive non-native species’. If they have, code as yes. Anything else should be coded No – e.g. if someone is unsure. Then ask all respondents what they think the term means. Prompt till exhausted. Record their replies verbatim. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 272 Now read out a definition – begin with the definition of as non-native species and then explain what is meant by an invasive non-native species. We do not need to ask for a response to the definition – it is to make sure everyone answers the following questions with the same definition in mind. Q16 Find out if respondents can suggest the names of any invasive non-native species that can be found in Great Britain – we are not interested in examples from other countries, such as the cane toad in Australia (a well known example). Prompt until exhausted. DO NOT READ OUT ANY OF THE PRECODES AS PROMPTS. If the respondent names any of the species that are precoded, then use the precodes, otherwise write their answers in the box provided. Only use the precodes if respondents have given the answer exactly as shown – if someone mentions ‘american crayfish’, the precode should be ticked but if someone just mentions ‘crayfish’ do not use the precodes but write in their answer. If the respondent does not know any such species, use the precode ‘none mentioned’ Q17 For this question, we want to record whether respondents would recognise each animal or plant listed if they caught one or saw one when out on a fishing trip. The responses will appear in random order. Any animals or plants they would recognise should be coded as ‘yes’ and everything else as ‘No’ – so if a respondent is unsure, code under ‘No’. Q18 Now read out the same list (the order will be different) and ask respondents which of the animals and plants they think are considered to be invasive non-native species that can be found in Britain. Again, only code under ‘yes’ if respondent is confident about the answer, if they are unsure, record under ‘no’. Q19 You are going to read out some effects that INNS can have. These will appear in random order. In each case, we want to find out how serious a threat respondents feel it is. Do not give them a ‘DK’ option and try and force a response from the first 4 options. If respondents really cannot decide, code as ‘DK@ Q20 Here you are to read out some things that anglers could do to help control the threat from INNS. Again these will appear in random order. In each case, we want to find out the extent to which respondents are willing to do (or not do) certain things. Do not give Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 273 them a ‘DK’ option and try and force a response from the first 4 options. If respondents really cannot decide, code as ‘DK’ Q21-23 Record respondent’s gender, age range and then ask all questions necessary to establish SEG and code as appropriate. SEG should be based on the Chief Wage Earner which may or may not be the respondent. That’s it. Good luck. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 274 6 The Quantitative Research: Horticultural Retailers 6.1 The Questionnaire Record the following details from contact database URN Name of organisation Type of organisation multiple garden centre/nursery independent garden centre/nursery aquatic centre multiple supermarket DIY store Introduction: Introduce yourself and explain that the survey is being carried out on behalf of DEFRA - the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. DEFRA is interested in getting feedback from the retail trade about the plant species they sell. The interview will take about 10 minutes. It is a completely anonymous survey. Defra will only see the aggregated results and will not know which organisations have taken part. Explain that you have a letter of authorisation from Defra which you can email or fax to the respondent if required. Explain that you need to ask a few questions to establish what types of plants the organisation sells and who within the organisation you need to conduct the interview with. Eligibility: You may be able to establish eligibility from whoever takes your call before you establish the correct individual to interview. Please be sure to record this information for all contacts including those that are ineligible. You need to establish Which types of plants - if any - are sold to the public: aquatic plants and/or terrestrial plants In the case of aquatic plants: if they only sell tropical aquatic plants you should CLOSE unless they also sell terrestrial plants. In the case of terrestrial plants: if they only sell house plants or cut flowers you should CLOSE unless they also sell aquatic plants. NB: Some organisations may only sell plants at certain times of the year - they are still eligible for interview. You also need to establish if the organisation itself sells plants to the public or whether plants are sold via a franchise/third party. For example, some garden centres may only sell aquatic plants via a franchise. Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 275 Aquatic plants Terrestrial plants not sold not sold to the public only sell tropical plants sold directly to the public sold via a franch ise refused not sold not sold to the public only sell house p lants/cut flowers sold directly to the public sold via a franch ise refused Decision Makers : You need to establish who to interview - this should be the senior member of staff responsible for deciding which plants are stocked and sold to the public. In the case of independent retailers, this is likely to be the owner or the managing director or a senior manager. In the case of supermarkets and DIY stores this is likely to be a head of department/senior buyer based at head office Retailers selling both terrestrial and aquatic plants: You need to establish whether there is one decision maker responsible for both terrestrial and aquatic plants or whether there are two decision makers single decision maker responsible for both terrestrial and aquatic plants different decision makers refused See quota instructions to decide which decision maker to interview interview decision maker responsible for terrestrial plants interview decision maker responsible for aquatic plants refused Respondent's name Respondent's job title Record respondent's phone number if different to the number on the database. Try to establish respondent's direct line Respondent willing to take part in interview? Yes No Ask all not willing to take part in interview Refusals: if organisation is eligible for interview but refuses to take part record reasons below. If organisation requires a written request from Defra before they will take part, record the name, title, department and address details Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 276 1.a Ask all selling both aquatic and terrestrial plants to the public AND where there is a single decision maker involved Can you tell me which, if any, of the following aquatic plants you sell or have sold to the public in the last 12 months? It is important that you read out both the common name and the Latin/scientific name (in brackets). Where more than 1 Latin name is given, code as Yes even if only 1 of the species has been sold. Code each plant species as YES, NO (or Don't Know) Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) New Zealand Pygmyweed (Crassula helmsii or Tilaea recurva or Tilaea helmsii) Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) Parrot's Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Curly Waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) Water Primrose (Ludwigia peploides or Ludwigia grandiflora) Yes No Don't know Ask all selling any aquatic plants listed aboveINTERVIEWER: you must tick Yes below Yes: respondent's organisation sold one or more of the plants listed above 1.a And can you tell me which, if any, of the following terrestrial plants you sell or have sold to the public in the last 12 months? It is important that you read out both the common name and the Latin/scientific name (in brackets). Where more than 1 Latin name is given, code as Yes even if only 1 of the species has been sold. Code each plant species as YES, NO (or Don't Know) Skunk Cabbage (Lysichiton americanus) Shallon (Gaultheria shallon) Few-flowered Leek (Allium paradoxum) Montbretia (Crocosmia species) Hottentot Fig (Carpbrotus edulis) Giant Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria) False Acacia (Robinia pseudocacia) Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) Buddleia (Buddleia davidii) Yes No Don't know Ask all selling any terrestrial plants listed aboveINTERVIEWER: you must tick Yes Yes: respondent's organisation sold one or more of the plants listed above Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 277 1.b Ask all selling terrestrial garden plants to the public Can you tell me which, if any, of the following terrestrial plants you sell or have sold to the public in the last 12 months? It is important that you read out both the common name and the Latin/scientific name (in brackets). Where more than 1 Latin name is given, code as Yes even if only 1 of the species has been sold. Code each plant species as YES, NO (or Don't Know) Skunk Cabbage (Lysichiton americanus) Shallon (Gaultheria shallon) Few-flowered Leek (Allium paradoxum) Montbretia (Crocosmia species) Hottentot Fig (Carpbrotus edulis) Giant Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria) False Acacia (Robinia pseudocacia) Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) Buddleia (Buddleia davidii) Yes No Don't know Ask all selling any terrestrial garden plants listed aboveINTERVIEWER: you must tick Yes below Yes: respondent's organisation sold one or more of the plants listed at Q1.b 1.c Ask all selling aquatic plants to the public Can you tell me which, if any, of the following plants you sell or have sold to the public in the last 12 months? It is important that you read out both the common name and the Latin/scientific name (in brackets). Where more than 1 Latin name is given, code as Yes even if only 1 of the species has been sold. Code each plant species as YES, NO (or Don't Know) Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) New Zealand Pygmyweed (Crassula helmsii or Tilaea recurva or Tilaea helmsii) Curly Waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Parrot's Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) Water Primrose (Ludwigia peploides or Ludwigia grandiflora) Yes No Don't know Ask all selling any aquatic plants listed aboveINTERVIEWER: you must tick Yes below Yes: respondent's organisation sold one or more of the plants listed at Q1.c Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 278 2. Have you heard of something called 'The Horticultural Code of Practice' launched by Defra in 2005? Yes No/Don't know 3. ASK ALL AWARE OF CODE Does your organisation follow 'The Horticultural Code of Practice'? Yes No/Don't know 4. ASK ALL FOLLOWING THE CODE Can you describe to me an example of how the Code of Practice is followed within your organisation? Respondent unable to provide an example Respondent can provide an example 4. Can you describe to me an example of how the Code of Practice is followed within your organisation? 5. Only buy from reputable suppliers/those with plant passports Consult Defra Check plants for disease etc Have our own system/procedures Label plants/provide information/inform the customer Would not sell these types of plants Other Are you familiar with the term 'Invasive Non-native Species'? Yes No Don't know/not sure 6. ASK ALL What do you think is meant by the term invasive non-native species? Anything else? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 279 I'm going to read to you a definition of both a non-native species and an invasive nonnative species: A non-native species is an animal or plant that has established itself in Great Britain with the assistance of man. This includes any that were first introduced hundreds, if not thousands, of years ago. An invasive non-native species is a non-native animal or plant that has the ability to spread causing damage to the environment, the economy, our health and the way we live. 7. Does your organisation have a policy regarding the sale of plant species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild? Yes No Don't Know 8. ASK ALL WITH A POLICY Is it a formal policy that is set out in writing? Yes No Don't know 9. ASK ALL WITH A POLICY Can you outline to me your organisation's policy regarding plant species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild? Respondent unable to provide an outline Respondent can provide an outline (tick here and record details below) 9. Can you outline to me your organisation's policy regarding plant species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild? Supplier would not sell plants that were dangerous Do not stock/grow invasive plants Label/inform the customer Other Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 280 10.a Ask all selling both aquatic and terrestrial plants to the public AND where there is a single decision maker involved I am going to read out the names of some plant species. In each case, I should like you to tell me whether or not you consider it to be a plant species that has the potential to be invasive in the wild? It is important that you read out both the common name and the Latin/scientific name (in brackets). Where more than 1 Latin name is given, code as Yes even if only 1 of the species is considered to be invasive. Code under Yes all species that respondent considers have the potential to be invasive in the wild. Code under No all species that respondent thinks do not have the potential to be invasive in the wild. Code under Don't Know if respondent does not know if a species has the potential to be invasive in the wild. Yes No DK Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) New Zealand Pygmyweed (Crassula helmsii or Tilaea recurva or Tilaea helmsii) Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) Parrot's Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Skunk Cabbage (Lysichiton americanus) Shallon (Gaultheria shallon) Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Curly Waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) Few-flowered Leek (Allium paradoxum) Water Primrose (Ludwigia peploides or Ludwigia grandiflora) Montbretia (Crocosmia species) Hottentot Fig (Carpbrotus edulis) Giant Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria) False Acacia (Robinia pseudocacia) Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) Buddleia (Buddleia davidii) Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 281 10.b Ask all selling terrestrial garden plants to the public I am going to read out the names of some plant species. In each case, I should like you to tell me whether or not you consider it to be a plant species that has the potential to be invasive in the wild? It is important that you read out both the common name and the Latin/scientific name (in brackets). Where more than 1 Latin name is given, code as Yes even if only 1 of the species is considered to be invasive. Code under Yes all species that respondent considers have the potential to be invasive in the wild. Code under No all species that respondent thinks do not have the potential to be invasive in the wild. Code under Don't Know if respondent does not know if a species has the potential to be invasive in the wild. Yes No DK Skunk Cabbage (Lysichiton americanus) Shallon (Gaultheria shallon) Few-flowered Leek (Allium paradoxum) Montbretia (Crocosmia species) Hottentot Fig (Carpbrotus edulis) Giant Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria) False Acacia (Robinia pseudocacia) Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) Buddleia (Buddleia davidii) 10.c Ask all selling aquatic plants to the public I am going to read out the names of some plant species. In each case, I should like you to tell me whether or not you consider it to be a plant species that has the potential to be invasive in the wild? It is important that you read out both the common name and the Latin/scientific name (in brackets). Where more than 1 Latin name is given, code as Yes even if only 1 of the species is considered to be invasive. Code under Yes all species that respondent considers have the potential to be invasive in the wild. Code under No all species that respondent thinks do not have the potential to be invasive in the wild. Code under Don't Know if respondent does not know if a species has the potential to be invasive in the wild. Yes No DK Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) New Zealand Pygmyweed (Crassula helmsii or Tilaea recurva or Tilaea helmsii) Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) Parrot's Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Curly Waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) Water Primrose (Ludwigia peploides or Ludwigia grandiflora) Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 282 11. I am going to read out to you some things retailers could do to provide information and/or advice to customers buying plant species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild. For each thing I read out, I should like you to tell me whether it is: Something you already do Something you would be willing to do Something you would not be willing to do Do not read out Don't Know/Unsure - encourage respondent to choose one of first three answers and only code as DK/Unsure if respondent unable to decide include information on individual plant labels to identify plants that have the potential to be invasive in the wild display posters that explain the threats from species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild and which provide information about how to use and dispose of them provide leaflets that explain the threats from species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild and which provide information about how to use and dispose of them train staff to offer customers information and/or advice about how to use and dispose of plants that have the potential to be invasive in the wild 12. Already do this Willing to do Not willing to do DK Unsure Does your organisation provide information and advice to customers about plants that have the potential to be invasive in the wild in any other form? No/DK Yes (tick here and write in verbatim description below) Prompt for what type of additional information/advice is given and how this information is given (for example, on their website) 12. 13. What type of additional information and advice? Information on the label Have reference books/will look up information for customer/posters What, if anything, could Defra do to encourage your organisation to provide information Verbal customers with (more) information and/or advice about plant species that have the Provide customer with leaflets/guides potential to be invasive in the wild and the problems they can create? our website Through PROMPT: Anything else? Offer information; no explicit method Other What, if anything, could Defra do to encourage your organisation to provide customers with (more) information and/or advice about plant species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild and the problems they can create? PROMPT: Anything else? Wildlife Management and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, more Trade infomation in general ProvideRetail Anglers and the Horticultural (Volume 2: Appendices) Provide leaftets/posters/point of sale material Throught the media Through the internet/websites/emails 13. 283 Hottentto Fig (Carpbrotus edulis) Giant Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria) False Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) Buddleia (Buddleia davidii) 14. Some of the plants you sold in the last year are, in fact, plant species that have the potential to be invasive in the wild if not managed appropriately, such as {read out names of the plants listed above}. What are the main reasons for selling such plants? Prompt: Anything else? 15. 14. What, could Defraindo encourage organisation not that to sell to the Someifofanything, the plants you sold thetolast year are,your in fact, plant species have public plants that are known be potentially invasive? potential to be invasive in thetowild if not managed appropriately, such as {read out PROMPT: names of Anything the plantselse? listed above}. What are the main reasons for selling such plants? Prompt: Anything else? People buy for their gardens where they can be monitored/popular garden plants Due to demand They attract wildlife e.g. Butterflies/bees etc Do not consider them to be invasive/a threat as common garden plants/popular Classed What, if anything, could Defra to questions encourageabout your organisation not to sell to the 15. I should likeThey to finish by asking one ordo two your organisation are plants/for flowering public plants ornamental that are known to becolour/late potentially invasive? oxygenating plant PROMPT: else? It is anAnything How many retail outlets do you have selling plants to the public? 16. For ground cover Banned them/stop selling them Enter a number Good hedging/shade/edging We do for not/would not sell these types of plants Other more infomation in general Provide Provide posters/leatets Do Through you sell plants to the public via the Internet as well as through your retail 17. the media outlets? Offer an alternative Yesthe label On INo do not consider them to be invasive Prove that they are invasive Approximately what proportion of your annualbuy turnover 18. Need to persuade customers they shouldn't them comes from sales of plants to the general public? Nothing If respondents is unsure, encourage a guess. Don't know less than 10% Other 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% Don't know Refused 19. Which ONE of the following descriptions best describes your organisation? Read out. If 'something else' tick this code and write a brief description in the box provided. a garden centre a retail nursery an aquatic centre a DIY shop/chain a home improvement shop or chain a supermarket something else (tick here and write in below) Thank and close Solda ll solda quatic and Invasive Non-Native Species: Report of research Findings among the General Public, Wildlife Management Anglers and the Horticultural Retail Trade (Volume 2: Appendices) 284