Download AP World China 6 Han

Qin falls and Han begins
The King is Dead…
Long live the King!
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QIN Dynasty (221–206 B.C.)
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The Qin dynasty emerged in 221 B.C. from
China’s bloody civil wars between 400 B.C. and
200 B.C.
Established by Qin Shihuangdi
Control

The Qin dynasty adopted Legalism.
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Political opponents of the regime (the government in
power) were imprisoned or executed.
Books that opposed the official views were burned.
Government
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The Qin made the central government stronger.
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The government was divided into three ministries:
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The Civil, the Military, and the censorate (Inspector).
Members of the censorate checked on government officials
to make sure they were doing their jobs.
Future Chinese dynasties adopted this practice and
kept this structure.
External problems
The Xiongnu
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nomadic people who lived near the Gobi.
mastered warfare from horseback and attacked the
Chinese living in the north.
Protection = system of walls called the Great Wall
of China.
The Great Wall we see today was built 1,500 years
later.
Why did the Qin fall?
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Failed to rule with
humanity
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many peasant rebellions,
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3 assassination attempts,
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Shi Huangdi’s death,
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his son failed as a ruler
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lost the Mandate of
Heaven
Han Dynasty
206 B.C.E.-220 C.E. (c. 400 years)
Overview
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continued the Q’in organization
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strong but humane government,
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great wealth
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Confucian education for upper class men
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important inventions and excellent long
distance trade.
Han Politics
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Liu Bang - 1st Han
Emperor
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Chang’an is capital
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Wu Di – another
important emperor
Chang’an
Largest city in the
world
•
Carefully planned
•
Great trade center on
Silk Road
•
Wealthy and
beautiful
•
Key events/changes
Replaced Legalism with Confucianism
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Confucianism teaches that Emperor is
o
Responsible for keeping harmony
o
Must model goodness and virtue
Often attacked by central Asian nomads
Confucian Civil Service Examination
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Han government officials chosen by scores on
a Confucian poetry and moral code test
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Han started schools to train candidates
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Curriculum is Confucius’s teachings, Chinese
history, and Chinese law.
Han Economy
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Agriculture and peasant
lives
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Innovations improved
output
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Chinese traders were able to
sail into the Indian Ocean,
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SILK Road across Asia to
Middle East connects China
to Europe
3000 B.C.
Silk first produced in China
1500 B.C.
Semi-nomadic stockbreeding tribes inhabit steppes
753 B.C.
Rome founded
500 B.C.
Chinese adopt nomadic style, wear trousers and ride horses
551 - 479 B.C.
Confucius born in China
350 B.C.
Greek culture spreads into Central Asia (Persia conquered by Alexander the Great)
300 B.C.
Roman expansion begins around Mediterranean region
Shi Huangdi’s Qin dynasty unites entire China for the first time
A Timeline History
of Silk production
from its origins in
China to its arrival
in Europe.
Qin Dynasty begins Great Wall
Han dynasty overthrows the Qin and develops its vast empire
Buddhism begins to spread north out of India and into China
Paper first made in China
200 B.C.
The Xiongnu (Huns) rise to power in Central Asia and invade Chinese western border regions
Emperor WuDi orders Zhang Qian to travel the Western Regions and open the trade route (Silk Road) to the west
100 B.C.
Rome becomes an empire
1 A.D.
Silk first seen in Rome
Buddhism begins to spread from India into Central Asia
Christianity begins to spread in the world
100 A.D.
Roman empire at its largest
The first Roman envoy arrives in China
Buddhism reaches China
200 A.D.
Han dynasty falls and the China breaks up
300 A.D.
The secret skill of sericulture (silk production) begins to spread west along the Silk Road
Xiongnu (Huns) invades China and China further dissolved into fragments
500 A.D.
Silkworm breeding appears in Europe
18.
Religion/Philosophy
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Confucianism is VERY influential in govt and
social life
People follow Confucian morals in all aspects of
life
Buddhism came to China via the Silk Road
Han Society
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Population tripled to 50
million
WHY?
IMPACT?
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Increased govt.
responsibility
Han Innovations
SCIENCE
Wrote texts on chemistry, zoology,
and botany.
Astronomy popular
Invented seismograph
TECHNOLOGY
Paper invented (pic to right)
Invented the rudder, fore/aft sails
to sail into the wind
fishing reels, wheelbarrows, and
suspension bridges.
MEDICINE
Diagnosed diseases.
herbal remedies
used anesthetics.
Acupuncture
Fore Aft Sails, Fishing reel, Water wheel, rudder
Han Great Wall
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Extended the Q’in
wall 1500 miles
Many more towers
and soldiers to
guard China
Han Art
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Wealth provides time
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Time allows the
development of art
and architecture
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Focus is on
beautifying
environment
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Maybe showing off?
Han Warfare (FYI)
“The bandits were numerous, and Yang's forces very weak, so his
men were filled with alarm and despondency.
But he organized several dozen horse-drawn vehicles carrying
bellows to blow powdered lime strongly forth, he caused rags of
fire to be tied to the tails of a number of horses, and he prepared
other vehicles full of bowmen and crossbowmen.
The lime chariots went forward first, and as the bellows were
plied the smoke was blown forwards according to the wind, then
the rags were kindled and the frightened horses rushed forwards
throwing the enemy lines into confusion…….
after which the bowmen and crossbowmen opened fire,
the drums and gongs were sounded,
and the terrified enemy was utterly destroyed and dispersed.
Han Fall
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Han rulers love for wealth and pleasure
weakened the government
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The Han dynasty fell in A.D. 220.
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China descends into chaos
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Warlord states rule for 350 years
China’s Time of Troubles
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220-589 China is not unified under a single
Emperor
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Return of regional rule and many small regional
wars
Consider impact…
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The Qin and Han dynasties were BOTH known for
their cultural achievements.
BUT Shihuangdi only educated officials, while the
Han educated all on Confucianist ideology
Key Confucian works were printed in a set.
Generations of Chinese schoolchildren learned the
norms of proper behavior from these texts.