Download South Asia

SOUTH
ASIA
COUNTRIES
OF
SOUTH ASIA
• Pakistan
• Sri Lanka
• Bangladesh
• Nepal
• Bhutan
• India
RELIGIONS OF SOUTH ASIA
ISLAM
BUDDHISM
HINDUISM
CHRISTIANITY
• Dietary laws are Halaal (good
food) and Haram (bad food) based
on Koran
• Can’t eat carnivorous animals,
pork products, sea animals which
do not have fins or scales (some
Muslims),
• Utensils should be separate,
there should be no
contamination between Halaal
and non- Halaal
• Never throw away food –
sharing
• Meat has to be prepared in the
correct way (Halaal)
•They avoid lard, gelatin, rennet,
whey, vanilla extract.
Celebrate Ramadan- a month
of fasting (refrain from eating,
ISLAM
drinking, smoking, and sex during
daylight hours)- teaches Muslims
about patience, spirituality,
humility and submissiveness to
god.
•It is a protestant revolt against
orthodox Hinduism.
• Monks
For monks, food is eaten to keep
the body alive so the spiritual path
can be followed, not for taste
•Believe in nirvana
•They eat what they are given as
respect
•Celebrate Buddha’s day where
they commemorate his
enlightment and his death
BUDDHIS
M
•Commonly lacto-ovovegetarian- they believe in
taking the life.
•Others believe they can eat
meat if they didn’t kill it or
if it was killed specifically
to be eaten by them
Strong about purity and believe that
-water and foods cooked in
water are polluted by the touch of a
person of lower caste than the
person who consumes them or of
anyone who has become unclean
-not bathing
-not putting on clean clothes
-after polluting events such as
defecation or menstruation.
HINDUIS
M
-
-
They adhere to concept of
ahimsa which avoiding
inflicting pain on animals
Many are vegetarian.
- do not eat beef (cows
are sacred)
- no garlic, onions,
mushrooms, turnips, or
alcohol
- can eat chicken,
turkey, goat
HOLIDAYS
Diwali, Festival of Lights-celebrate the
victory of good over evil
Holi, Festival of Colors- Honor the death
of Holika in order to save Prahlad
Pongal, - give thanks for the harvest
Dusshehra - 10 day celebration
PAKISTAN
 1947 received
independence from India
 Mostly hot dry desert
 Divided into 4 regions:
Punjab, Sindh,
Baluchistan, northwest
frontier province
 Average family is
patriarchal, husband is
the only wager in the
family and wife stays
home with kids.
 98% Muslim, small
numbers are Hindu,
Christian, Sikhs, and
Zoro Astrians
 Environments current
issues: water pollution
from raw sewage,
industrial waste,
agricultural runoff which
limits natural fresh water.
 Majority of the population
doesn’t have access to
portable water, and
there’s soil erosion.
FOOD HABITS OF PAKISTAN
•Eat more than 3x the
amount of meat then
other Asian countries
•Commonly consume
rice- usually Basmati
rice
•Staple foodsWheat, dairy foods
from cow and water
buffalo
• Whole milk yogurt
(dahi) used to prepare
yogurt and vegetable
side dishes (Raytas)
• Lassi is a popular
beverage
• Legumes especially
chickpeas and
lentils are served
daily as a side dish.
•
Fruits and
vegetables are
available but they
are not consumed
in large amounts
•
Traditionally eat 2 meals a
day
•
Breakfast- if consumed it’s a
light meal (flatbreads- puris,
sweet porridge or a legume
dish.
•
Lunch and dinner are large
meals- include meat, poultry
or fish dish.
• Traditionally meals were served
in large trays and eaten with
hands while sitting on the floor,
but now they’re more European
influenced and eat at tables
with utensils
HEALTH CONCERNS OF PAKISTAN
• Foods rich in spices
and cholesterol, cause
stomach and liver
diseases
•Rural suffer under
nutrition Nearly 1 in
every 2 Pakistanis
suffer from hunger
• Urban areas suffer
over consumption
and have a high
intake of calories,
sugar, total fats and
cholesterol, leading to
a high number of
type 2 diabetes and
cardiovascular
disease.
•Overweight and
obesity in adults is
estimated at 25%.
• Biggest killer of
children under 5 in
Pakistan is diarrhea
and acute
respiratory
infection- from
malnourishment
• Poor sanitation
• Food prices have
increased in the past
7 years to the point
that almost half of
the population is
dependent on food
assistance.
SRI LANKA
• Is an island off the coast of India- in the Indian
ocean (pearl of the Indian ocean)
• 69% Buddhist, 7%Muslim, 7% Hindu, 6%
Christian
FOOD HABITS OF
SRI LANKA
• Hot and spicy foods
• Base of the food is rice, which
they eat with curry, vegetables
and fish
• All the dishes are cooked on the
base of coconut milk and flavored
with spices
•They like to drink tea and
coffee
• Several varieties of fruits
are available: mangos,
pineapples, watermelon and
plantains
• Dining etiquette- eat with
right hand
BANGLADESH
• Most of the country is on large
Rivers flowing from the
Himalayas
• The climate is tropical with
mild winters, hot humid
summers, warm rainy months
• Mostly flat planes and hilly in
the southeast
• 80% Muslim, most are Sunni
Muslims but there is a small Shia
community, 12% Hindu, some
Buddhists and Christians
FOOD HABITS OF BANGLADESH
• They use a lot of
spices like hot curry
powder
• Drink chai-milky
sweet tea
• They have mangos,
lichees, bananas,
watermelon and
pineapples
• Rice is their staple
food
•Breakfast of panta
is very common – it
is a plain boiled rice
soaked overnight in
water and slightly
fermented
•
•Moon or huroom
(puffed rice) or cheera
(flattened rice), or
khoi (popped rice) are
other items of a
traditional breakfast
• If invited to a meal
it is rude to flatly
turn the invitation
down
• Many people eat
with their hands
• Guests are generally
served first then the
oldest, continuing in
order of seniority
• Do not start eating
until the oldest person
at the table begins
HEALTH CONCERNS OF BANGLADESH
 Waterborne diseases such as dysentery,
hepatitis, intestinal parasites and
typhoid are prevalent
 Arsenicosis, which is arsenic
contamination in water; can result in
cancers
 Vitamin A deficiency in children
resulting in night blindness
 There is a high number of natural
disasters, such as floods and storms,
that destroy crops
 Highly susceptible to HIV because there
is a low use of proper protection
 Common diseases include: malaria,
dengue, leptospirosis
NEPAL
• Landlocked between India and China
• Contains the Himalayan mountains
including
mount Everest
• 80% Hindu 10% Buddhist and 4%Muslim
• One of the poorest countries in the world
FOOD HABITS OF
NEPAL
• Meals are often eaten seated or
squatted on the floor, although urban
restaurants have tables and chairs
• They’re known for their good
nutrition
• Mainly eat rice and snack on breads
like chura and rito
• Himalayan cuisine- potatoes, meat
of yak
BHUTAN
• 23% Hindu , 2% Muslim 75%
Buddhist
• Has monsoons
• Humid and subtropical
FOOD HABITS OF BHUTAN
• Chiles are used in almost all dishes.
• They consume rice with their meat
and vegetables
• Red rice- short grain
• Eat cheese - cows milk and yak
• Meats and fish imported from
India
• Most dishes boiled in water with oil
 80.5% Hindu 13.4% Muslim
2.3% Christian 1.9% Sikhism
 Holidays in India:

Independence day- August
15, from British rule in 1947
 Republic day- January 26, the
date on which the Constitution
of India was established
 Gandhi Jayanti- day to honor
Mahatma Gandhi, the “Father
of the Nation” and is
celebrated on his birthday
October 2
India
FOOD HABITS OF INDIA
• Dishes use spices such as bay leaves,
asafetida, cardamom, cayenne pepper,
chili powder, cilantro, cinnamon, and
cloves.
• Known for widespread practice of
vegetarianism,
• Commonly eat grains legumes, fruits
and vegetables
• Average Indian eats half a pound of
rice each day.
• Eat a lot of Dal, which is the Hindi
term for dried beans, peas and lentils
• They use Ayurvedic medicine using
diet, herbal remedies and meditation to
reestablish equilibrium between the
sick and the universe
• Foods are classified as hot or cold
depending on their effect on the body
and must be balanced for each
condition
• Dairy products are common- yogurt
and ghee (clarified butter)
• Masalas are mixtures of spices and
herbs (fresh and wet or dried)
• There is a great division in diet
between North and South India
• North- wheat, tea, eggs, pickled fruits,
dry masalas
• South- use steaming, rice, coffee, fresh
pickles, pachadi (seasoned yogurt side
dishes) same as Raytas in the north,
spicy masalas
DINING ETIQUETTE OF INDIA
• Always use the right hand when eating
or receiving food, left hand is seen as
unclean
• Indians traditionally do not use cutlery
for eating, because foods such as breads
and curry are best enjoyed when eaten
with the hands
• Using the fingers, food should be
scooped onto the flatbread and quickly
brought to the mouth
• It is rude to let food stain the outside of
your fingers or your palm
•Food is only to be eaten with the tip
of the fingers
• But soups and rice can be eaten with
spoons
• In formal settings, they have to wait
for the eldest person to eat before
everyone else starts
• Hands should always reach to the
mouth, the plate should never be
lifted up
• India supports a population
of 1.2 billion people in a
land area roughly one-third
the size of the United States.
• 1 With only 2.4 percent of
the world’s land area, India
is home to over 15 percent
of the world’s people.
• Heart disease has emerged as
the #1 cause of death in India
• – A clear shift from the past 6
decades, when infectious and
diarrheal diseases were the main
causes of disease in India
• – In India diabetes is often
associated with heart disease; in
fact heart disease is quite often a
complication of diabetes
• World’s leading killer – 16.7
million global deaths in 2003 –
29.2% of all causes of death
globally.
• India accounts for 60% of global
burden
• 118 million in 2000, 214 million
in 2025 (projected)
• Greater than 32 million
diabetics in India
• 26% of India’s adult population
shows glucose intolerance
(inability to digest glucose from
food)
• India is the “diabetes capital” of the world –
responsible for 19% of the worldwide incidence in
diabetes in 2005; h to increase to 22% by 2030.
• Oral and stomach cancer
are the commonest
cancers among Indian
men
• – Tobacco use (smoking
and chewing) is the
primary reason for the
high incidence of oral
cancers
• Cancer of the uterine
cervix is still the
commonest cancer
among Indian women
• Breast cancer is emerging
as a leading cause of
cancer in Indian women
• Life expectancy at birth m/f (years). 63/66
• Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births).
66
• Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per
1 000 population). 250/169
• This very common travel ailment
is encountered by many travelers
and usually results from the
consumption of contaminated
food and water.
• Preventative measures: Only
drink bottled water.
• Both of these diseases
are transmitted by
mosquitoes and are most
problematic in areas
where there is stagnant
water for mosquitoes to
breed.
• Mosquitoes carrying
malaria usually bite at
night, while the dengue
fever carrying "tiger
striped" mosquitoes bite
during the day.
• This bacterial disease is
usually transmitted by
food or water that’s
contaminated with the
feces of an infected
person.