Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Livestock Breeding Systems Sire animal’s male parent Offspring animal in relation to its parents Dam animal’s female parent Progeny descendent or offspring of an animal Expected Progeny Difference (EPD) performance “expected” from the progeny of each sire or dam Phenotype animal’s physical characteristics Genotype animal’s genetic composition S T U D E N T V O C A B U L A R Y H A N D O U T Accuracy (ACC) range from 0-1.0; closer to one accuracy, more proven or “accurate” the EPD is expected to be Dystocia abnormal, slow or difficult birth; usually because of ineffective contractions of the uterus Breeding Value value of an animal as a parent Hybrid Vigor crossbred offspring exceed the average of the two parental breeds Homozygous identical pairs of genes Inbreeding mating of related individuals in which the sire and dam share at least one ancestor Accompanies: Livestock Breeding Systems 1 Livestock Breeding Systems Inbreeding Coefficient measure of how inbred an animal is (the probability two genes of a pair in an individual will be homozygous because they are replicates of a single ancestral gene) Deleterious Gene could cause undesirable effects on an individual’s viability, productivity and economic value Inbreeding Depression increase in homozygosity provides the opportunity for unfavorable recessive genes Linebreeding form of inbreeding which attempts to maintain a close relationship to a highly regarded ancestor Rotational Crossbreeding System designed to maximize hybrid vigor and produce replacement females through the rotation of different sire breeds S T U D E N T V O C A B U L A R Y H A N D O U T Rotational-Terminal Crossbreeding system which produces replacement females through the rotation while taking advantage of producing crossbred offspring Static Crossbreeding System system in which replacement females must be purchased from or produced in a separate population; also known as Terminal Crossbreeding System Modified Static Crossbreeding System system which differs from static crossbreeding programs because it is modified to produce replacement females Composite signifies new breeds or new lines Composite Breeding System system which combines desirable traits of two or more breeds of cattle into one “package” Accompanies: Livestock Breeding Systems 2 Livestock Breeding Systems Hand Mating used by purebred breeders to control mating in which females are kept apart from the males until desired time of breeding Pen Mating used mostly by commercial breeders; males and females coexist throughout the breeding season or year round Stud Mating used mostly by the poultry and rabbit industry; females are mated individually by a superior male which is kept by himself in a pen or coop Artificial Insemination (AI) process by which semen from the male is placed into the reproductive tract of the female using mechanical means rather than by natural service Gestation length a baby is carried S T U D E N T V O C A B U L A R Y H A N D O U T Parturition act of giving birth Embryo Transfer early pregnancy embryos are removed from a genetically superior female and placed into the reproductive tract of a suitable recipient for gestation and parturition Accompanies: Livestock Breeding Systems 3